15 “General Order No. 72, Chalmers’ Brigade,” April 7, 1862, T. Otis Baker Papers, Mississippi Department of Archives and History; John Cato to wife, April 10, 1862, John Cato Papers, Mississippi Department of Archives and History; Jimmy Knighton to sister, April 14, 1862, Jimmy Knighton Papers, Louisiana State University Archives; Samuel Latta to wife, April 13, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives; Charles J. Johnson to wife, April 15, 1862, Charles James Johnson Papers, Louisiana State University Archives.
16 Henry McNeill, Diary, April 28, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives; Jimmy Knighton to sister, April 20, 1862, Jimmy Knighton Papers, Louisiana State University Archives; Roman, Beauregard, 1: 383; Edwin H. Fay to wife April 21, 1862, in Bell I. Wiley, “This Infernal War” The Confederate Letters of SGT. Edwin H. Fay (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1957), 28; Taylor, Reluctant Rebel, 39; Wiley, Life of Johnny Reb, 247; Williams, P. G. T, Beauregard, 152; Theodore Mandeville to Josephine Rozet, April 19, 1862, Theodore Mandeville Papers, Louisiana State University Archives.
17 Roman, Beauregard, 1: 383; Taylor, Reluctant Rebel, 39; Edwin H. Fay to wife, April 21, 1862, in Wiley, “This Infernal War,” 51; George Blackemore, Diary, April 29, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives.
18 Ibid.
19 OR 10, pt. 1, 144. || For a modern account of the Siege of Corinth, see Smith, The Untold Story of Shiloh, 67-84.
20 Grant, Memoirs, 196; Sherman, Memoirs, 250; Lewis, Sherman: Fighting Prophet, 235, 236.
21 OR 10, pt. 1, 714, 715; Edwin H. Fay to wife, May 5, 1867, in Wiley, This Infernal War, 46-48; Charleston Daily Courier, May 14, 1862; Robert Kimberly and Ephrain Holloway, The 41st Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion (Cleveland: W. R. Smellie, 1897), 28.
22 Charleston Daily Courier, May 13, 1862.
23 Adolph Engelmann to wife, May 4, 1862, Adolph Engelmann Papers, Illinois State Historical Library; Charleston Daily Courier, May 13, 1862; Phil Bond to brother, May 10, 1862, in Terry, “Record of the Alabama State Artillery,” 323.
24 Williams, P. G. T. Beauregard, 151; Phil Bond to brother, May 10, 1862, in Terry, “Record of the Alabama State Artillery,” 323.
25 OR 10, pt. 1, 804-831; Richardson, “War As I Saw It,” 226; Phil Bond to brother, May 10, 1862, in Terry, “Record of the Alabama State Artillery,” 323; Edwin H. Fay to wife, May 14, 1862, in Wiley, This Infernal War, 50; Force, From Fort Henry to Corinth, 186, 187; Augustine Vieira to an un named friend, May 14, 1862, Augustine Vieira Letters, Illinois State Historical Library.
26 Roman, Beauregard, 1: 381, 571, 572; Duke, Morgan’s Cavalry, 155-166; Holland, Morgan and His Raiders, 95.
27 John Johnston, “Personal Reminiscences,” Confederate Collection, Tennessee Department of Archives and History; George T. Blakemore, Diary, May 16, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee Department of Archives and History.
28 Bouton, Events of the Civil War, 38, 39; OR 10, pt. 1, 839-847.
29 Edwin Fay to wife, May 25, 1862, in Wiley, This Infernal War, 59.
30 R. S. Henry, As They Saw Forrest (Jackson: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1956), 287, 288.
31 OR 10, pt. 1, 741, 742; Force, From Fort Henry to Corinth, 188.
32 OR 10, pt. 2, 529, 530; Roman, Beauregard, 1: 580, 581.
33 Ibid., 388, 389; Williams, P. G. T. Beauregard, 153; Nathaniel Hughes, Jr., General William J. Hardee: Old Reliable (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965), 118.
34 Roman, Beauregard, 1: 395, 578-586; OR 10, pt. 1, 770, 771.
35 Ibid., 848-856; Richardson, “War As I Saw It,” 227.
36 George T. Blakemore, Diary, May 28-30, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives; Roman. Beauregard, 1: 390, 582-587; E. John Ellis to E. P. Ellis, June 2, 1862, Ellis Family Papers, Louisiana State University Archives; Duncan, Recollections, 77.
37 Hinman, The Sherman Brigade, 205.
38 Bierce, Collected Works, 1: 239.
39 Briant, Sixth Regiment Indiana, 135.
Introduction
1 Joseph Allen Frank and George A. Reaves, “Seeing the Elephant”: Raw Recruits at the Battle of Shiloh (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1989), 15.
2 Much of the following material is adapted from Timothy B. Smith, “Historians and the Battle of Shiloh: One Hundred and Forty Years of Controversy” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 63 (Winter 2003): 332-353. This article was also reprinted in Timothy B. Smith, The Untold Story of Shiloh: The Battle and the Battlefield (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 1-19.
3 For a good example of these works, see Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, eds., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Being For the Most Part Contributions By Union and Confederate Officers: Based upon “The Century” War Series, 4 vols. (New York: Century Company, 1884- 1887).
4 David W. Reed, Campaigns and Battles of the Twelfth Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry: From Organization, September, 1861, to Muster-Out, January 20, 1866 (np: np, nd); David W. Reed, The Battle of Shiloh and the Organizations Engaged (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902); David W. Reed, The Battle of Shiloh and the Organizations Engaged, 2nd edition .(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1909).
5 Albert Dillahunty, Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee (Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1955); Shiloh: Portrait of a Battle (Shiloh: Shiloh National Military Park, 1954).
6 James Lee McDonough, Shiloh: In Hell Before Night (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977).
7 Wiley Sword, Shiloh: Bloody April (New York: William Marrow and Co., 1974); Wiley Sword, Shiloh: Bloody April, Revised Edition (Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Bookshop, 2001).
8 Charles P. Roland, Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1964).
9 Larry J. Daniel, Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1997).
10 Stacy D. Allen, “Shiloh! The Campaign and First Day’s Battle,” Blue and Gray 14 (Winter 1997), 54.
11 Timothy B. Smith, This Great Battlefield of Shiloh: History, Memory, and the Establishment of a Civil War National Military Park (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004); see also Smith, The Untold Story of Shiloh.
12 O. E. Cunningham, “Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862” (Ph.D. diss., Louisiana State University, 1966).
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 397-398.
15 Ibid., 331-362.
16 Edward Cunningham, The Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-1863 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963).
17 Frank and Reaves, “Seeing the Elephant,” 15.
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