creativity and, 238
efficacy and, 213, 253–54
ethics and, 240–42
history and, 230–32, 341
property and, 259
rationality and, 230–31, 240–42, 356
reason and, 230–31, 428n. 8
rights and, 256, 259
statism and, 308–9, 319, 322
as value, 240–41
as virtue, 228, 230–32
Proletkult, 68–69
property, 256, 258–59, 263–64, 270, 349
Protagoras, 415n. 59
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 260
pseudo-self-esteem, 278, 283–84
psycho-epistemology
art and, 192–93
Branden and, 167
capitalism and, 312–13
consciousness and, 177, 181–82
efficacy and, 202
empiricism and, 205–6
ethics and, 244–45
Objectivism and, 348
racism and, 324–25
rationalism and, 214
sense of life and, 432n. 11
psychology. See also psycho-epistemology
awareness and, 177–82, 184–85
consciousness and, 169–73, 177–88
dualism and, 167–68
education and, 365
efficacy and, 283–84
egalitarianism and, 447n. 66
egoism and, 247
emotions in, 168–77, 182–88
epistemology and, 167, 168, 244–47
ethics and, 244–47
experience and, 177–78
history and, 342–43
integration and, 173, 177, 182–88
mind-body dichotomy and, 184–85
Objectivism and, 167–68, 353–54, 420n. 64
philosophy and, 167–68, 177, 342–43
power and, 283–89
reason in, 168–77, 182–88
relations and, 283–89
self-esteem and, 167, 247
sense of life in, 177, 178–81
social metaphysics, 167
purpose, 228, 230–32, 240–43
Pushkin, A. S., 66
Pythagoreans, 122
rabfaks (workers’ colleges), 85
racism, 16, 324–29, 330
radicalism
capitalism and, 266, 274, 279, 350
epistemology and, 159–60
New Intellectuals and, 350
Objectivism and, 2, 8–10
Russian culture and, 8–10
social theory and, x–xii
Raimondo, Justin, 419n. 47
Ralston, Richard E., 466n. 2
Rand, Ayn
Anthem, 37–38, 73, 104–5, 110
Atlas Shrugged, 1, 12, 91, 104, 106–10, 118, 124–25, 130, 154–55, 170, 171, 174–75, 196, 216, 221, 232, 237, 241, 252, 270, 280–81, 292, 320–21, 343–44, 350, 351–52, 422n. 29, 440n. 86, 457n. 20
Atlas Shrugged (film), 401n. 3
birth of, 23, 413n. 33
Capitalism, 110, 111, 264
“The Comprachicos,” 177
death of, 113
The Early Ayn Rand, 91
estate of, 467n. 7
The Fountainhead, 62, 96, 97, 98, 99–104, 106, 174, 195–96, 218, 219, 232, 256, 279–80, 283, 351, 357–58, 404n. 31, 439n. 68, 443n. 57
The Fountainhead (film), 106
Ideal, 97
illustrations of, 113, 168, 190, 223, 249, 362
Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, 111
Love Letters (film), 106
memory of, 66, 83, 85, 369–70, 397–99
“The Moratorium on Brains,” 187
name of, 23, 90, 406n. 1, 413n. 33
For the New Intellectual, 111
The New Left, 111
“The Objectivist Ethics,” 240–41
“The Only Path to Tomorrow,” 105–6
Penthouse Legend, 418n. 24
personality of, 3, 11
personal life of, 2–3, 23, 111–13
Philosophy: Who Needs It, 111
Pola Negri, 461n. 19
“Red Pawn,” 91–92
reputation of, 1, 7–8
romances of, 91, 111
The Romantic Manifesto, 111, 349, 432nn. 1, 6, 433n. 23
“Screen Guide for Americans,” 88, 106
Think Twice, 417n. 24
The Unconquered, 417n. 24
The Virtue of Selfishness, 110, 111, 235, 264
The Voice of Reason, 111
Weberian view of politics and, 263, 265, 337
We the Living, 37–38, 68, 73, 86–87, 91, 93–98, 118, 230, 388–90, 393, 414n. 37, 416n. 71, 463n. 4, 464n. 7, 468n. 111
We the Living (film), 417n. 17
You Came Along (film), 106
Rand’s razor, 427n. 47
“The Rand Transcript” (Sciabarra), ix, 363–80, 381, 385–86, 387, 391, 393, 396
“The Rand Transcript, Revisited” (Sciabarra), ix, 381–91, 393
Rasmussen, Douglas
on circularity, 127–28
on concepts, 160
on happiness, 243, 436n. 27
on objectivism, 405n. 43
on property, 259
on rights, 257
on substance, 424n. 50
on values, 225
work of generally, 2, 7
rationalism
concepts and, 131, 204–8
consciousness and, 212–14
culture and, 209–12
dialectics and, 207–8
empiricism and, 203–8
epistemology and, 211, 213–14
Lossky and, 50–51, 207–8
Marxism and, 36–37
moralism and, 247
Objectivism and, 119
ontology and, 121–22, 141–42
perception and, 204–8
reason and, 197, 205, 208–14
religion and, 25
social theory and, 208–12, 214
truth and, 28–29
rationality. See also reason
action and, 228
articulation and, 229, 339–40
awareness and, 228, 229
consciousness and, 244–45, 355–57
context and, 229–30
culture and, 343–45
egoism and, 110–11
epistemology and, 228
ethics and, 219, 222–30, 240–42, 244–45, 343–45
history and, 342
irrationality, 244–45, 254–55, 273–74, 297, 299–306, 323, 338, 343–45
language and, 291, 292
Objectivism and, 110–11, 355–57
philosophy and, 339–40, 344
productive work and, 230–31, 240–42, 356
reason and, 156
relations and, 228–30
selfishness and, 110–11, 235
social theory and, 245–46, 297, 299–306, 344–45
society and, 343–45, 348, 355–57
statism and, 245, 299–300, 323, 344–45
values and, 240–42
virtues and, 227–30, 242
volition and, 228
Reagan, Ronald, 317–18, 330
realism, 29, 46, 58–59, 138, 143–49, 194, 195. See also ideal-realism
reason. See also rationality
abstraction and, 213
action and, 155–56, 170–71, 214
art and, 196–97
articulation and, 200–201
Atlas Shrugged (Rand) and, 108–9, 154–55, 170, 171, 174–75
awareness and, 154–55, 170–73, 175, 184–85
capitalism and, 155–56, 261, 268, 271, 336
conception and, 156–57, 170–73
consciousness and, 154–56, 169–73, 182–88, 189–91, 196–97, 212–14, 240, 254
context and, 164–65, 172
creativity and, 170–71, 196–97
culture and, 209–12
dialectics and, 164–65
differentiation and, 155
dualism an
d, 23–24, 176–77
in education, 66, 73–74
efficacy and, 212–14
egoism and, 261
emotions and, 31, 168–77, 182–88, 189–91, 240
entity and, 164–65
epistemology and, 144, 145, 154–56, 164–65, 169–73, 189–91, 213–14, 215, 240
ethics and, 215, 217, 224, 228–29, 283
experience and, 28–29
faith and, 217
freedom and, 254
gender and, 186–88
God and, 68
good and, 355
Hayek and, 197, 208–14
history and, 209, 211–12, 254–55, 342
humankind and, 168–69
identity and, 154–55
Industrial Revolution and, 155–56, 230–31
integration and, 154–55, 156, 164–65, 173, 182–88
intrinsicism and, 164–65
Kant and, 435n. 66
literature and, 196–97
logic and, 154–55
materialism and, 108–9
mind-body dichotomy and, 155–56, 184–85
money and, 271
mysticism and, 144, 169–70, 175
Objectivism and, 173–77, 189–91, 347–48
omniscience and, 213
ontology and, 156, 169
perception and, 145, 154–55, 156, 171–72
philosophy and, 200–201, 339–40, 342
productive work and, 230–31, 428n. 8
in psychology, 168–77, 182–88
rationalism and, 197, 205, 208–14
rationality and, 156
realism and, 144
reification and, 155
relations and, 156, 164–65, 173, 254
religion and, 97, 154, 169–70, 201, 215–16
Russian culture and, 23–24
Russian philosophy and, 26, 38, 170, 186–87, 215–16
science and, 213, 321
sense of life and, 178
senses and, 144
sex and, 186–88
social theory and, 208–12, 214, 268
spirituality and, 108–9, 170
subjectivism and, 164–65
synthesis and, 26
truth and, 26, 28–29
as a value, 228
“Red Pawn” (Rand), 91–92
Reich, Wilhelm, 184
reification
abstraction and, 159
capitalism and, 267–68
conception and, 159
culture and, 299
dialectics and, 16, 359
ethics and, 221
of existence, 130
fallacy of, 221
government and, 262
humankind and, 250
infatuation and, 239
Lossky and, 48
reason and, 155
social theory and, 137–38, 250, 267–68
values and, 221
of the zero, 126, 128
Reisman, George, 113, 329
relations
abstraction and, 162
action and, 156, 222
Atlas Shrugged (Rand) and, 106–10, 280–81
atomism and, 58–59
attributes and, 135–36
awareness and, 173
capitalism and, 282, 286, 287, 301–2
causality and, 135, 242
circularity and, 128
conception and, 156–61, 173
concepts and, 125, 128, 134–37, 161–66, 278, 293–96
consciousness and, 125, 150, 156–61, 173, 239, 281–82
context and, 136–37, 163–66
contradiction and, 281
creativity and, 279
culture and, 297–98, 301–2
definitions and, 162–66
dialectics and, 35–36, 106–10
differentiation and, 58–59, 162–63
dualism and, 59, 307
emotions and, 173
entity and, 134–37, 161–66
epistemology and, 51–52, 117, 128, 134–37, 150, 156–57, 161–66, 173
ethics and, 226–27, 228–30, 242, 279–80
existents and, 165
external and internal contrasted, 54–61, 161–66, 410n. 25
faith and force and, 254–55
The Fountainhead (Rand) and, 106, 279–80, 283
fragmentation and, 307
freedom and, 254
gender and, 186
history and, 166
humankind and, 249–52, 277–78, 279–89, 297–98
idealism and, 55
identity and, 55–57, 58–59, 134–37
individualism and, 249–52
individuation and, 57, 58
integration and, 161–63
intrinsicism and, 162–66
irrationality and, 301–2
language and, 278, 289–96
life and, 226–27
Lossky and, 44, 49, 51–52, 54–61
love and, 239
monism and, 55
objectivism and, 165–66
Objectivism and, 55, 117–19, 134
omniscience and, 163
ontology and, 117, 123–24, 125, 128, 134–37, 161–63, 165–66
organicism and, 54, 59–61, 134
perception and, 59, 150, 156–57, 238–39
philosophy and, 123–24
plurality and, 59
power and, 276–79, 301–2, 307
psychology and, 283–89
rationality and, 228–30
realism and, 58–59
reason and, 156, 164–65, 173, 254
science and, 123–24, 134
self-esteem and, 234–35
sensation and, 150
sex and, 239
social theory and, 166, 249–52, 276–79, 297–98, 301–2
statism and, 307, 318
subjectivism and, 162–66
trade and, 235
truth and, 58
units and, 162–63
values and, 221–22, 226–27
virtues and, 228–30
visibility and, 238–39
warfare and welfare and, 318
religion. See also faith; mysticism
Atlas Shrugged (Rand) and, 108
communism and, 92, 97
consciousness and, 154, 169–70
culture and, 302
dialectics and, 25, 90
dualism and, 97
education and, 71, 72
emotions and, 169–70
epistemology and, 169–70
ethics and, 215–19
fact-value dichotomy and, 215–17
The Fountainhead (Rand) and, 102
individualism and, 25, 93
intrinsicism and, 216
irrationality and, 302
logic and, 154
Lossky and, 42, 44–45, 61
love and, 34
mysticism and, 403n. 20
neo-Idealism and, 34, 38
Objectivism and, 2
organicism and, 61
philosophy and, 201
reason and, 97, 154, 169–70, 201, 215–16
rights and, 258
Russian culture and, 30, 306, 406n. 6
Russian philosophy and, 25, 34, 77, 170, 215–17
science and, 29
social theory and, 302, 330
statism and, 90, 93
Symbolists and, 30, 306
unity and, 25, 29
values and, 97
repression, 293
restitution, 344–45
revolution, 345–49, 354
rhetoric, 14
Ricoeur, Paul, 6
Ridpath, John, 466n. 2
Riggenbach, Jeff, 431n. 59, 449n. 93
rights, 255–60, 264, 270, 308, 315, 317, 344–45
Robbins, John W., 2, 260, 421n. 6
The Romantic Manifesto (Rand), 111, 349, 432nn. 1, 6, 433n. 23
Rome, 371–72
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 316
Rorty, Richard, 55, 56, 58
Rosenbaum, Anna Borisovna, 66, 67, 87, 398, 406n. 1
Rosenbaum, Zinovy Zakharovich, 64, 67, 68, 86, 406n. 1
Rosenthal, Bernice, 406n. 5, 465n. 10
Rostovtsev, Michail T., 371, 414n. 34
Rothbard, Murray N., 260, 261–62, 440n. 86, 442n. 40, 448n. 77
Rozhdestvensky, Sergei, 378, 414n. 35
Rozhkov, N., 376
Russian culture. See also Russian philosophy
beards in, 404n. 29
dialectics and, 8–10
dualism and, 22–24, 30–33, 332
education and, 372, 376, 377
Lenin and, 68–69
literature and, 9, 22, 29–33, 66, 68–69, 174, 194–95, 372
neo-Idealism in, 33
Nietzsche and, 30–33, 96–97
Objectivism and, 8–10
racism and, 326–27
radicalism and, 8–10
reason and, 23–24
religion and, 30, 306, 406n. 6
Russian Revolution and, 68–69
Silver Age of, 23, 29–33, 96–97
social theory and, 332
Symbolists in, 30–33, 77, 186–87, 219, 246, 306, 333
Russian philosophy. See also Russian culture
character of, 24–25
collectivism and, 250–51
dialectics and, 8–10, 17–18, 24–29, 89, 360, 366, 370
education and, 17–18, 24–25, 76–78
emotions and, 186–87
empiricism and, 207–8
epistemology and, 170
fact-value dichotomy and, 215–17
gender and, 186–87
history and, 333
humankind and, 352
individualism and, 26, 38, 465n. 10
integration and, 186–87
literature and, 9, 24
Manichaeism and, 246–47
Marxism and, 25, 32–33, 35–38
mysticism and, 251, 352–53, 355
neo-Idealism in, 33–34
Objectivism and, 2, 8–10, 360
ontology and, 129, 139, 141–42
productive work and, 231
radicalism and, 8–10
rationalism and, 207–8
reason and, 26, 38, 170, 186–87, 215–16
religion and, 25, 34, 77, 170, 215–17
Russian Revolution and, 69
in Silver Age, 29–30, 32–33, 36, 38, 54, 77, 96–97, 246, 352
Slavophiles in, 25–27, 29, 38
sobornost’ in, 26, 35, 251
synthesis and, 26, 27–29, 33–34, 38, 111, 186–87, 276, 360
Russian Revolution
censorship by, 70, 86
education changed by, 68–72, 73, 77–78, 81–82, 85–87, 364–65, 368–69, 373, 376, 377, 386, 463n. 4
exile by, 82, 86–87, 368
history and, 333
literature and, 37, 68–69
Marxism and, 36, 70–71
Rand during, 64, 65, 67, 68, 367–68
Russian culture and, 68–69
Ryan, Paul, 401n. 4
Ryle, Gilbert, 198, 291, 433n. 30
Saint-Andre, Peter, 418n. 34
sanction of the victim, 278, 280–81, 288, 289
Sartre, Jean Paul, 155, 207
Schelling, Friedrich, 25, 27, 33, 43, 51, 81
Schiller, Johann, 23, 76, 194
Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical Page 79