When two thousand demonstrators: Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 515.
“neither Meredith nor any of those men”: KOD.
“we knew that most of the National Guard”: Ibid.
Kennedy was responsible: Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 359–64.
“They always give you their bullshit”: Ibid, p. 363.
“the occupation regime”: Letter from Khrushchev to JFK, July 5, 1962, ibid., p. 41.
“bone in my throat”: Ibid., p. 168.
“We will not allow your troops to be in Berlin”: From State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States: Cuba, 1962–1963, pp. 1045–57.
he told Udall that he wanted to meet: Frederick Kempe, Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth (New York: Putnam, 2011), p. 493.
He sent JFK a letter: Leaming, pp. 378–80.
Suddenly it came: Ibid., p. 413.
Kennedy now assembled: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 286.
“Virtually everyone’s initial choice”: Ibid., pp. 288–89.
If Khrushchev was attempting: Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 554.
“I now know how Tojo felt”: Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 507.
Might not an American attack on Cuba: On January 15, 1992, the New York Times reported that the Soviet Union had 43,000 troops in Cuba during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, not 10,000 as was reported by the Central Intelligence Agency. This was according to Robert McNamara, who had just returned from a conference on the crisis in Havana. He said Soviet officials had told him that Moscow had sent short-range nuclear weapons to Cuba and that Soviet commanders there were authorized to use them in the event of an American invasion.
Grab your balls: JFK to Salinger, Salinger, p. 115.
“I think the pressure of this period”: Bartlett OH.
“You’d be interested to know”: Ibid.
“ ‘Any communication with any skipper’ ”: Fay OH.
He then instructed Bobby: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 302.
“the greatest defeat in our history”: LeMay quote, Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 571.
“If Kennedy never did another thing”: Macmillan quote, O’Donnell and Powers, p. 284.
There was an equal number of warheads: Michael Dobbs, One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War (New York: Knopf, 2008), p. 98.
“My thinking went like this”: Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), p. 494.
“The final lesson of the Cuban missile crisis”: Robert Kennedy, Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), p. 95.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: GOALS
“The tax laws really screw people”: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 218.
“The decision to make the speech available”: New York Times, June 13, 1963.
“The speech and its publication in Izvestia show”: Ibid.
“He’s just challenging us”: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 195.
“Make him look ridiculous”: Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 149.
“most precious and powerful right in the world”: Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy: 1963, p. 14.
“the most sweeping and forthright ever”: Martin Luther King, June 20, 1963, Box 97, President’s Office Files at John F. Kennedy Library.
Driving through the streets: Bradlee, Conversations, pp. 95–96. “Just before his trip to Berlin in June, 1963,” wrote Bradlee, “he spent the better part of an hour with the Vreelands (Frederick ‘Frecky’ Vreeland, a young foreign service officer and the son of Vogue editor Diana Vreeland, and his wife) before he could master ‘Ich bin ein Berliner.’ ”
In fact, Jack was secretly: Ibid., p. 84. “For some reason it bugs Kennedy that I speak French.”
A million Germans lined the parade route: Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963 (New York: Edward Burlingame Books, 1991), pp. 604–8.
“like a man who has just glimpsed Hell”: Hugh Sidey, Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 535.
Jack called the time he spent in Berlin: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 325.
“When my great-grandfather left here to become a cooper in East Boston”: President Kennedy to the people of New Ross, Ireland, June 1963, John F. Kennedy Library.
“The wind from that machine blew my chickens away”: Duchess of Devonshire, The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth (London: Papermac, 1987), p. 222.
During those negotiations: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 327.
On July 25, 1963, envoys from the three: Leaming, p. 435.
John Kennedy considered this his greatest achievement: Sorensen int.
“With all human beings, one of the things”: Ormsby-Gore quote, Lord Harlech OH.
“He put up quite a fight”: Leaming, p. 298.
“defeat Communist insurgency”: Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 50.
“I can remember one particular case”: Fay OH.
He had the added advantage: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 988–89.
The leader of that faction: Ibid., p. 985.
Now he was approving his former ally’s: Leaming, p. 309.
“U.S. Government cannot tolerate situation in which power lies in Nhu’s hands”: Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 562–63.
August was also the month of: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 972–73; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 350–52.
“This was the first time we’d seen Jackie”: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 206.
He left at halftime: O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, p. 779.
In future visits to the confession booth: Fay, pp. 222–23.
light a candle for Joe Jr.: Dalton OH.
There were often times when friends: Ibid.
president would kneel: Dave Powers int.
“An American President, commander in chief”: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 123.
On October 4, Jackie left: Leaming, p. 314.
“Perhaps he should have guessed that”: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 354.
After retreating from the cabinet room: Leaming, p. 323.
“Over the weekend”: Presidential recordings, John F. Kennedy Library.
“He is instinctively against introduction”: United States State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States: Vietnam, 1961, pp. 532–33.
“They want a force of American troops”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 547.
“I do not believe he knew”: Sorensen, Counselor, p. 359.
At about this same time: O’Neill, p. 177.
“mood of the city was ugly”: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 237.
“disgraced. There is no other way”: Time, November 1, 1963.
The following Thursday, Jack had invited: Pitts, pp. 205–6.
He was convinced: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 190.
“He’ll end up hating me”: Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 465.
Jack spent the next weekend: Barbara Leaming, Mrs. Kennedy: The Missing History of the Kennedy Years (New York: Free Press, 2001), pp. 326–27.
“A small band of conspirators”: JFK speech to the Inter-American Press Association, November 18, 1963, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
“organize an in-depth study”: William J. Rust, Kennedy in Vietnam (New York: Da Capo Press, 1985), pp. 4–5.
While Wright laid some of the blame: Author interview with Jim Wright.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: LEGACY
“They were wider than pools”: Theodore White’s notes on his interview with Jacqueline Kennedy are at the John F. Kennedy Library.
Within hours she’d assumed the reins: Tuckerman/Turnure OH.
“Jackie was extraordinary”: Bradlee, Conversations, p. 244.
“to an exceptional degree”: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 78.
“each of us had a certain role
we were cast into, whether we knew it or not”: Jim Reed, John F. Kennedy Library Oral History Program.
“We had a hero for a friend”: William Manchester, The Death of a President: November 20–November 25, 1963 (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), p. 446.
“chemistry”: Author interview with Chuck Spalding.
“The most charming man I ever knew”: Smathers int.
“aura of royalty about him”: Bradlee int.
“chasing girls in the South of France”: Bartlett int.
“There’s no point in being Irish if you don’t know the world’s going to someday break your heart”: Moynihan, said to columnist Mary McGrory.
In a 2009 national poll: National survey conducted for CBS’s 60 Minutes and Vanity Fair, published in January 2010.
INDEX
ABC, 177
Abernathy, Ralph, 311
Acheson, Dean, 176, 307
Adams, John Quincy, 68, 171–72
Addison’s disease, 106, 169, 182, 183–84, 217, 224, 233, 278–79, 291
advertising, politics and, 85
Aeschylus, 321
African Americans, 97, 230–31, 308–11, 359–62, 379–81, 384
Agence France-Presse, 361
Age of Jackson, The (Schlesinger), 108
Alabama, University of, 379–80
Alexander the Great, 4
Algeria, 228, 229
Alliance for Progress, 333
Alsop, Joseph, 108, 193, 232
Ambrose, Margaret, 106
American Field Service Ambulance Corps, 60
American Friends of Vietnam, 387
American Labor Party, 176
American Legion, 77, 110
Americans for Democratic Action, 226, 231
American University, 376, 379
American Veterans Committee, 226
anti-Semitism, 33, 143–44, 256
Apalachin, N.Y. mob summit (1957), 235
Apollo 5, 402
appeasement, 31–38, 99, 100–101, 173, 252, 304
“Appeasement in Munich” (Kennedy), 36–37
Arlington National Cemetery, 401
arms race, 252, 285, 308, 348–52, 384
Army, U.S., 361
Army Air Corps, U.S., 110, 123
Army Department, U.S., 329
Army-McCarthy hearings (1954), 176–77, 179, 181
Art of Living, 286
Arvad, Inga Marie, 40, 43–45, 50, 161
JFK’s war letter to, 57–59
Asquith, Herbert, 34
Asquith, Raymond, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 62
atomic bomb, 74, 111, 172, 348, 349, 372
Attwood, Bill, 287–88
Augustine, Saint, 388
Austria, Nazi Anschluss of, 31, 304
Bailey, John, 202, 247, 255, 323
“Bailey Memorandum,” 201–2
Ball, George, 391
Barnett, Ross, 360, 361
Barry, John, 145
Bartlett, Charlie, 8, 64, 107, 167, 191, 206, 207, 218, 223, 252, 323, 324–25, 327–28, 357, 370
Jackie and, 162–63, 183, 212
JFK presidential run and, 242, 250–51, 258, 267, 282
JFK’s death and legacy and, 404
JFK’s political aspirations and, 76–77
JFK’s wedding and, 165, 166
newspaper career of, 159–60
Senate campaign of 1952 and, 131, 134
Bartlett, Martha, 251, 323, 327
Battle, William, 49, 264
Bay of Pigs invasion (1961), 331–38, 343, 347, 360, 362, 373
Beck, Dave, 233–34
Berlin, Germany, 111, 303, 326–27, 337, 338, 339–45, 362–64, 366–67, 368, 373, 374, 381
Berlin Wall in, 345, 405
JFK’s visit to, 382–83
Billings, Fred, 18
Billings, Kirk LeMoyne “Lem,” 68
Choate school and, 18–23
election of 1946 and, 75, 86
Garbo White House visit and, 394–95
Jackie and, 165–66, 167, 356
JFK presidency and, 323, 328, 344, 345
JFK’s European trip with, 29–30
JFK’s House term and, 110
JFK’s presidential run and, 260, 262, 263
JFK’s wedding and, 164, 165, 166
Kathleen Kennedy and, 21, 110
Princeton and, 24, 26–28
World War II and, 42, 47, 48, 60
Birmingham, Ala., 379–80, 381, 384
Bissell, Richard, 332, 334, 335
Blackett Strait, Solomon Islands, 51
Blough, Roger, 353
Bohlen, Charles “Chip,” 69, 70
Boston Globe, 82, 145
Boston, Mass., 27
Chelsea Naval Hospital in, 60–61
Curley as mayor of, 8
election of 1952 and, 139
Fitzgerald as mayor of, 13
JFK office in, 180
1956 Democratic committee meeting in, 200–201
St. Lawrence Seaway and, 170–71
Somerset Club in, 230
Boston Post, 140–41
Bouvier, Caroline Lee, 161
Bouvier, Janet (Mrs. Hugh Auchincloss), 161, 164
Bouvier, John Vernou “Black Jack”, III, 160, 161
Bradlee, Ben, 8, 10, 214, 237–38, 249, 251, 259, 262, 267–68, 277, 322, 323, 350, 354, 356, 357, 376, 379, 388, 394, 402, 404
Bradlee, Dino, 237
Bradlee, Tony, 237, 269, 277–78, 323, 357, 379, 394
Braun, Wernher von, 238–39
Brief (Choate yearbook), 18, 23
Briggs, Le Baron Russell, 23
Brinkley, David, 300
Britain, Battle of (1940), 44, 175
Brown, Pat, 220, 222, 245, 246, 273–74
Buchan, John, 38–39, 41, 161
Buchanan, Frank, 94
Buddhists, Buddhism, 386
Bulge, Battle of the (1944–1945), 123, 176
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 226
Bundy, McGeorge, 332, 364, 365, 367, 369
Bunker Hill Day (1946), 64, 86
Burke, Arleigh, 346
Burke, William “Onions,” 198–201, 218, 248
Cabell, Earle, 394
Calhoun, John C., 227
California, 220, 222, 245, 246, 273–74, 312
Camelot, 400–401
Campbell, Judith E., 357
Camp David, Md., 357
Canada, Kennedys’ trip to, 338–39
Capehart, Homer, 365
Capone, Al, 235
“Case of Martin Luther King, The,” 310
Castro, Fidel, 239, 306, 307, 333, 335, 336, 396
Castro, Raúl, 306
Catholics, see Roman Catholics
CBS, 144, 175, 292
Cecil, David, 151, 161, 399
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 70, 307, 321–22
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 331–36
Cuban missile crisis and, 365
Chacharis, George, 242
Chamberlain, Neville, 35–38, 252, 280
Chapel of the Chaplains, 290
Charleston, S.C., 45
Charleston, W.Va., JFK campaign in, 240
Charlestown, Mass., 86
Chattanooga Times, 160
Chelsea Naval Hospital, 60–61
Chiang Kai-shek, 111, 173, 300
Chicago, Ill., 220
Democratic convention of 1956 in, 2–3, 196, 202–11, 216, 217, 225, 229, 241
Chicago Herald-American, 69, 71
China, Nationalist, 111, 300–303
China, People’s Republic of, 120, 141, 206, 300–303, 339
China, Republic of, Communist takeover of, 111–12, 173, 176, 300, 306, 334
Choate school:
Archbold Infirmary at, 15
Billings and, 18–23
Brief yearbook of, 18, 23
JFK and, 14–23, 26, 27, 29, 162, 326
JFK’s near expulsion from, 21–22, 26
Joe Kennedy, Jr. and,
14, 16, 18
Muckers group at, 19–23, 164, 181, 326
Christoffel, Harold, 98, 111, 142
Churchill, Winston S., 17, 39, 41, 59, 65, 108–9, 235, 239, 252, 277, 285, 325, 347
anti-Nazi warnings of, 33, 34–35
postwar dismissal of, 72–73
civil rights movement, 97, 206, 229–31, 256, 287, 308–11, 323, 359–62, 374, 375, 379–81, 383, 384, 387, 389–90, 394, 396
Clay, Henry, 227
Clay, Lucius, 111
Cleveland, Ohio, 220
Clifford, Clark, 324
coal industry, 264–65
Coca-Cola, 85
Cohn, Roy, 168, 178, 179, 181
Coldstream Guards, British, 62
Cold War, 5, 9, 87, 96, 98–101, 104, 105–6, 111–13, 121, 135, 149, 156, 206, 228–29, 238–39, 283–84, 285, 296–97, 300–303, 305–8, 323, 325, 333, 334, 336–37, 339–45, 347–52, 362–73, 406
Berlin and, 111, 303, 326–27, 337, 338, 339–45, 362–64, 366–67, 368, 373, 374, 381, 382–83, 405
civil rights issue and, 380–81
Indochina and, 172–73, 301, 303
JFK’s “Peace speech” and, 376–79, 383
nuclear arms testing and, 347–52, 376, 378, 384, 386
Rosenberg case and, 112
Colliers, 197
Columbia, 225
Commons, House of, 36
see also Parliament, British
Communism, 91, 92, 96, 97–99, 105–6, 111–13, 142, 296–97, 326–27, 377, 382, 405–6
McCarthy’s campaign against, 112, 173–82
Congress, U.S.:
Truman’s address to joint session of, 96, 97
see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Connally, John, 278–79, 394, 397
Connecticut, 314
Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 379
Conservative Party, British, 72–73
Conway, Jack, 236
Corbin, Paul, 259
Council of Economic Advisers, 353
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment, 380
Croix de Guerre, 125
Cronkite, Walter, 261
Cuba, 239, 306–7, 396
Batista overthrow in, 239
Bay of Pigs invasion in, 331–38, 343, 347, 360, 362, 373
U.S. naval blockade of, 368, 369, 370
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 9, 364–73, 376
Cuban Revolutionary Council, 338
Curley, James Michael, 8, 68, 122
O’Neill’s assessment of, 103
pardon petition for, 101–3, 124, 170
Curley, Mary, 101, 102
Czechoslovakia, Nazi seizure of, 31, 32, 34, 304
Daley, Richard J., 255, 323, 369, 389–90
Chris Matthews Complete Library E-book Box Set: Tip and the Gipper, Jack Kennedy, Hardball, Kennedy & Nixon, Now, Let Me Tell You What I Really Think, and American Page 83