Munich Conference, 48, 161
Muskie, Edmund, 301, 305, 311–12, 317, 327
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 194, 279
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 120
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 83, 85, 158–59, 161, 162, 230
National Citizen (NC) PAC, 37, 38, 40, 46, 48
National Enquirer, 289
National Guard, 167, 196, 224, 287
National Security Council, 228
NATO, 77
Navy Log, 116
Neville, Mike, 31
Neville, Robert, 31
New Bedford Standard Times, 87
New Deal, 25, 34, 35, 38, 39, 61, 68, 69, 74, 84, 108, 275
New Frontier, 134, 192, 193, 212, 226, 243, 244, 248, 271
Newsweek, 120, 178, 225, 293
New York Daily Worker, 70
New York Herald Tribune, 62, 77–78, 82, 144, 217
New York Post, 81
New York Times, 79, 93, 109, 114–115, 165, 167, 192, 194, 220, 227, 279, 302, 305, 310, 315, 325, 329, 341
Magazine, 123, 338
Nhu, Madame, 227
Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 227–29, 231, 232, 308
Nixon, Donald, 178, 212, 293, 310
Nixon, Julie, see Eisenhower, Julie Nixon
Nixon, Pat, 25, 35, 36, 41, 43, 83, 84, 89, 122, 177–79, 183, 239, 251, 278, 292–97, 336, 344
Nixon, Richard M.: and assassination of JFK, 238–42, 247
and China, 256–57, 312
and collapse of communism, 343–44
and Cuba, 198–200, 222–23
congressional campaign of, 34–39, 41–42
in Dallas, 235–38
death of, 344
during Kennedy presidency, 194–95, 202–4, 220–224, 226, 232–33
education of, 24–25
elected president, 269–72
at end of World War II, 33–34
family life of, 56
gubernatorial campaign of, 18, 204–6, 208–19
Harris invited to White House by, 281–83
in House of Representatives, 16, 17, 43, 45–52, 54, 58–64, 66–69, 337
inauguration of, 272–74
Jackie invited to White House by, 292–299
and JFK’s illnesses, 18, 99–102, 201
and JFK’s legacy, 275–279, 285
JFK’s victory over, 179–191, 207–8
Moynihan and, 287–288
and 1964 election, 233–34, 246, 248, 249, 250–51
and 1970 election, 288–89
1960 presidential campaign of, 15, 16, 18, 124–28, 130, 132–56, 158–179, 192–93, 228
1968 presidential campaign of, 18–19, 251, 256, 257, 258–69
personality of, 20
resignation of, 19–20, 339–341
in Senate, 74–75
senatorial campaign of, 69–74, 77
and Soviet Union, 314, 328–29
taping system installed by, 298–300
and Ted Kennedy’s presidential aspirations, 279–81, 284, 286, 290–91, 298, 300–313, 323, 341–42
and Vietnam, 76, 246–47, 255, 274–75, 283, 286–287, 324–25, 343
as vice president, 15, 17, 90–91, 93–97, 103–4, 106, 110, 112–13, 117, 118, 120–25
vice-presidential campaign of, 78–86, 89 (see also Checkers speech)
and Watergate, 314–22, 325–39
Nixon, Russ, 48–49
Nixon, Tricia, see Cox, Tricia Nixon
Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie and Alexander, 251
O’Brien, Lawrence, 10, 19, 76–77, 92, 99, 117, 149, 261, 269, 285, 287, 291, 293, 310–11, 314, 315
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 10, 111, 175, 204
Oliphant, Pat, 272–73
Onassis, Aristotle, 103
O’Neill, Millie, 88
O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip,” 31, 32, 45, 87, 88, 92, 116, 127, 130, 146, 213, 236, 237, 321, 330, 331, 333–34
Operation Mongoose, 200
Operation Vulture, 95
Ortega y Gasset, José, 257
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 222–23, 247
Oswald, Marina, 222–23, 247
Paar, Jack, 137, 221
Patman, Wright, 318
Patterson, John, 126–27, 167
Patton, Gen. George, 85
Patton (film), 300
Patton, Jim, 209
Peace Corps, 194, 273
Pearson, Drew, 74, 115, 177, 256
Pentagon Papers, 302–3, 306
Pepper, Claude, 69–70, 73, 76
Pepsi-Cola Bottlers’ Association, 235, 237
Perry, H. L., 34, 79
Person to Person, 157
Powers, Dave, 10, 92, 122, 139
Powers, Francis Gary, 201
Price, Ray, 323, 328, 334, 339
Princeton University, 107
Profiles in Courage (Kennedy), 106, 114–15, 189
Pulitzer Prize, 106, 114–16, 118, 119
Raab, Max, 119
Rand Corporation, 275
Rather, Dan, 301
Rayburn, Sam, 44, 111, 126, 143
Reader’s Digest, 32, 87, 199, 226, 253
Reagan, Ronald, 265, 343
Real War, The (Nixon), 343
Reardon, Timothy “Ted,” 10, 58, 65, 77, 92, 98, 100, 101, 146, 155
Rebozo, Bebe, 183, 315
Reedy, George, 49, 58–59, 61, 64, 245
Reeves, Richard, 307
Republic Steel, 209
Republican party, 17–19, 49, 75, 88, 94, 184, 186, 188, 189, 194, 199, 203, 271, 283, 286, 319, 336
in California, 34, 37, 38, 42, 73, 210
foreign policy of, 95
in House, 45–47, 71
ITT and, 311
labor unions and, 50
in Massachusetts, 87, 99, 281
McCarthy’s attacks on, 96
in 1946 election, 40
in 1948 election, 60, 62
in 1952 election, 25, 78, 82–84, 86, 89
in 1956 election, 104–5, 108, 109, 112, 113
in 1958 election, 122
in 1960 election, 16, 77, 91, 119, 121, 123, 124, 135–38, 141, 154, 160, 161, 163–65, 172–76
in 1964 election, 195, 233, 249, 250
in 1966 election, 254
in 1968 election, 260, 261, 264–66, 268, 269
in 1970 election, 288
in 1972 election, 304, 320
in 1976 election, 330
in Senate, 100
and Vietnam, 228, 232
and Watergate, 325
Reston, James, 167–68, 220, 233
Richardson, Elliot, 326–28, 331–33
Richmond News-Leader, 312
Robinson, Jackie, 172
Rockefeller, Nelson, 27, 233, 242, 246, 261
Rodgers, Richard, 270
Rodino, Peter, 334
Rogers, Ted, 149
Rogers, William, 62, 84, 96, 131, 147, 273, 309
Romney, George, 260
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 108–9, 120, 134, 218
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 23, 25, 28, 40, 41, 46, 48, 53, 60, 67, 108, 135, 158
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 131, 243
Roosevelt, James, 73
Roosevelt, Theodore, 339–40
Roselli, Johnny, 195–96
Rosenberg, Ethel, 71
Rosenberg, Julius, 71
Rostow, Walt Whitman, 119
Rubinstein, Arthur, 27
Ruckelshaus, William, 332
Rusk, Dean, 229
Russo, Joseph, 30–31
Rutgers University, 253
Sadat, Anwar, 338
Safire, William, 254, 266, 271–72, 279
St. John, George, 23
Salinger, Pierre, 134, 184, 199–201, 244
Saltonstall, Leverett, 120, 127, 281
Samuelson, Paul, 119
Saturday Evening Post, 93, 100, 226
Saturday Night Massacre, 332–34, 343
Schlesinger,
Arthur, Jr., 119
Scott, George C., 300
Scott, Randolph, 220–21
Scouten, Rex, 99
Sears, John, 251, 261
Securities and Exchange Commission, 23
Segretti, Donald, 302, 305, 319
Seigenthaler, John, 252, 262
Senate, U.S., 62, 69–74, 98–100, 102, 106, 116–21, 136, 146, 152, 188, 213, 256, 301, 322, 339
Foreign Relations Committee, 124, 162
Government Operations Committee, 105
Judiciary Committee, 278, 286, 301, 313, 318, 324, 326, 327, 333, 334, 343
Watergate Committee, 329, 332
Sevareid, Eric, 138
Shannon, William V., 341
Shaw, Artie, 27
Shell, Joseph, 210
Sherrill, Robert, 338
Shriver, Eunice Kennedy, 56, 278
Shriver, Sargent, 16, 88, 171, 242, 273–74, 277, 318, 320
Sidney, Hugh, 310
Sirica, John, 325
Six Crises (Nixon), 207–8
Smathers, George, 11, 57, 58, 66, 69–70, 74, 93, 98, 110, 117, 122, 132, 183, 185–86, 197, 236, 238
Smith, Dana, 81
Smith, Howard K., 150, 152
Smith, Stephen, 167
Sorensen, Theodore “Ted,” 11, 16, 92, 100, 106, 108, 109, 116, 117, 136, 141, 145, 187, 203–4, 245, 254, 331
Southern California, University of, 302
Soviet Union, 37, 41, 60, 61, 68–71, 77, 151, 152, 227, 238, 344
atom bomb detonated by, 67
collapse of, 343
Cuba and, 164, 214–15, 222, 250, 253, 306, 313
Egypt and, 338
Germany and, 199, 201–3
Nixon and, 309, 314, 328–329
nuclear-test-ban treaty with, 223
space program of, 121, 177, 194
split between China and, 224
in United Nations, 27–28
and U-2
incident, 164, 201
Vietnam and, 253
in World War 11, 46, 52, 53, 60 (see also Yalta Conference)
Spain, 75
Spalding, Charles “Chuck,” 11, 28, 29, 93, 99, 236, 243
Spivak, Lawrence, 76, 163
Sputnik, 121
Stalin, Joseph, 28, 48, 52, 60
Stanton, Frank, 148, 149
Stassen, Harold, 60, 112
State Department, U.S., 60, 63–64, 69, 72, 87, 100, 108, 160, 195
Stennis, John, 331–32
Stevenson, Adlai, 16, 27, 81, 88, 89, 97, 100, 106–13, 118, 123, 126, 127, 134, 135, 167, 236, 248, 262
Strategic Arms Limitation agreement, 314
Strauss, Robert S., 142
Supreme Court, U.S., 53, 286, 329, 332, 339, 343
Sutton, William “Billy,” 11, 30, 31, 44–46, 50, 56–58, 92, 139
Symington, Stuart, 117
Taft, Robert, 78, 87
Taft-Hartley Act, 49–50
Tames, George, 79, 192
Tass, 121
Taylor, Maxwell, 200, 232
Tet Offensive, 259
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 255, 269, 319
Thomas, Evan, 106, 252
Thomas, George, 56
Thomas, Helen, 293
Thomas, Norman, 64–65
Thompson, Bob, 121
Tierney, Gene, 56
Time magazine, 20, 41–42, 60, 116, 187, 219, 233, 234, 252, 268, 272, 310, 345
Timmons, Bill, 266
Tojo, General Hideki, 253
Trujillo, Rafael, 201, 307
Truman, Harry S., 36, 46, 48, 54, 67, 68, 70, 71, 78, 84, 87, 89, 97, 142, 165, 212, 222, 227, 159, 257
Truman Doctrine, 48, 344
Tuck, Richard “Dick,” 11, 72, 155, 215–16, 266, 302, 319
Tully, Andrew, 128
Tunney, John, 324, 327
Ulasewicz, Tony, 286
United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, 48–49
United Nations, 27–29, 48, 60, 73, 119, 135–36, 151, 164, 167, 186, 193, 197, 217, 236, 273, 309
U.S. Steel, 209, 239
United Steelworkers, 208
U.S. News & World Report, 95
U-2 incident, 164, 201
Vanocur, Sander, 153
Victory at Sea, 270, 320
Vietnam, 25, 30, 261, 278, 301
France and, 76, 94–95, 118, 161
JFK and, 19, 193, 226–33, 238, 313, 343
Johnson and, 245–46, 250, 251, 253–55, 257, 268–69
Nixon and, 246–47, 250, 254, 272–75, 281, 283, 286–87, 306, 319–20, 324–25, 336
Tet Offensive in, 259
Voorhis, Jerry, 34–39, 42, 44–48, 59, 67, 82, 86, 135, 147, 156, 283, 285
Walker, Edwin A., 223
Wallace, George, 224, 267, 268, 275, 339
Wallace, Henry, 40–41, 108
Wallace, Mike, 115–16
Walters, Gen. Vernon, 299, 316
War on Poverty, 273
Warren, Earl, 37, 73–74, 78, 218, 274
Warren Commission, 223, 247
Washington Post, 128, 275, 279, 317, 319, 321, 334, 337
Washington Star, 218, 272–73
Washington Times-Herald, 93
Watergate, 16, 19, 314–22, 324–41, 345
Westmoreland, Gen. William, 259
White, Theodore, 226, 233, 243
Whitten, Jamie, 75
Whittier College, 24, 34, 35, 51, 61, 84
Wicker, Tom, 329
Wilson, Woodrow, 158
Winchester Evening Star, 117
Wofford, Harris, 168, 173
Woods, Rose Mary, 85, 90–91, 183, 238, 239, 251, 313
Woodward, Bob, 317
World War II, 27, 31, 33, 48, 52–53, 57, 67, 118, 151, 270
Wright, Jim, 219, 237
Yalta Conference, 28, 40, 46, 48, 60, 62, 108
Yom Kippur War, 329
Young Republicans, 336
Ziegler, Ron, 315
FREE PRESS
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Copyright © 1996 by Christopher Matthews
Afterword © 1997 by Christopher Matthews
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PRAISE FOR CHRIS MATTHEWS’S PREVIOUS WORKS
Hardball
“Every so often a writer reads a book so incisive and so good that when he finally puts it down he says, ‘Damn, I wish I had written this.’ I just finished Chris Matthews’s Hardball. And damn, I wish I had written this.”
STEVEN D. STARK, The Washington Post
“Christopher Matthews writes about politics with relish—the way sportswriters cover boxing.”
BEN BRADLEE, The Washington Post
“People will be quoting Hardball as long as the game of politics is played.”
HENDRIK HERTZBERG, Senior Editor, The New Yorker
“Chris Matthews hits a political homer with Hardball. For political sagacity and humor, this ranks with the work of George Washington Plunkitt.”
Kennedy & Nixon
“A beautifully written, persuasive narrative that sheds new light not only on the personalities of the two ostentatious antagonists but also on postwar America in general. It is a compelling tale for the ages.”
DOUGLAS BRINKLEY, The Washington Post
“Christopher Matthews places a frame around these epic twentieth-century figures for the first time, revealing in this smart, well-researched, readable book that the two Cold Warriors had more in common than one may suspect.”
RICHARD STENGEL, Time
“The first extensive double look since Theodore White’s Making of the President, 1960. . . . Mr. Matthews tells his stories well.”
RICHARD BROOKHISER, The New York Times Book Review
“Matthews has produced a rarity. He writes splendidly. His rhythm is energetic. His pace is unrelenting. His command of imagery is bright and refreshing. An important book for now—and, perhaps, a century from now.”
MICHAEL PAKENHAM, Baltimore Sun
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
This Country
Introduction: Why I Interrupt
1. An American Attitude
George W. Bush
2. The Man with the Sun in His Face
Al Gore
3. God and Country
Bill Clinton
4. People Who Work Hard and Play by the Rules
John F. Kennedy
5. Freedom Is Contagious
Winston Churchill
6. Common Ground
7. “The Worst Form of Government”
Tip O’Neill
8. Truth
Ronald Reagan
9. Worldly Wisdom
10. Playing Hardball,
To Dad
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
There’s a memorable line in the 1968 film Pretty Poison in which the main character reflects on life’s hard-earned wisdom, “I’ve learned that people only really pay attention to what they discover for themselves.” Everything in this book has been learned at a price. It took me until middle age to realize how the American love of country affects our politics. It took a hard look back to realize the full impact of my 1950s Catholic regimen of sin, the flag, and hide-under-your-desk air raid drills. Or how the Vietnam and civil rights conflicts of the 1960s tempered the politics of my youth.
As you read these pages, you will meet the multiple influences on my political thinking. An Irish-American mom; a practical-conservative dad; a liberal-minded English teacher; Richard Nixon; John F. Kennedy; Barry Goldwater; Eugene McCarthy; Edmund Muskie; Jimmy Carter; Thomas P. “Tip” O’Neill, Jr; Ronald Reagan; a bunch of guys in Africa; and my hero, Winston Churchill, have all gotten into my head and heart.
I realize now that it all started with my family. I have four great brothers, all different. Herb awoke me to history. Jim is my close political compadre. Bruce, who can narrate the Civil War in its entirety, carries the family’s patriotic banner, and Charlie reminds me that the here-and-now of human experience comes just once.
Chris Matthews Complete Library E-book Box Set: Tip and the Gipper, Jack Kennedy, Hardball, Kennedy & Nixon, Now, Let Me Tell You What I Really Think, and American Page 151