45. Eugene Ionesco, Three Plays, trans. Donald Watson (New York: Grove Press, 1958), pp. 156–57, 159.
46. Erich Auerbach, Mimesis, trans. Willard Trask (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1957), p. 473.
47. Nakamura, “Kōfu no imi,” pp. 167–69; see also his “‘Ishiki no nagare’ shōsetsu no dentō,” Gunzō (Dec. 1951), pp. 40–45.
48. The opening passage may be mentioned as an exception. Sōseki uses the non-past -ru ending, at times unpredictably, to describe past events with an immediacy resembling the historical present. As the narrator occasionally reminds us, however, he is writing and the style is “too coherent, too carefully ordered” to satisfy Edouard Dujardin’s definition of the stream of consciousness, i.e., “discourse before any logical organization, reproducing thought in its original state and as it comes into the mind,” as Donald Keene has noted in Dawn to the West, 1: 323.
49. Molloy, in Three Novels by Samuel Beckett (New York: Grove Press, 1959), p. 3.
50. Hugh Kenner, Samuel Beckett (New York: Grove Press, 1961), pp. 14, 15.
51. Malone Dies, in Three Novels, p. 304.
52. Keene, 1: 324.
53. “Dōraku to shokugyō,” SZ 11: 317. In fact, Sōseki’s arrangement with the Asahi gave him both security and complete artistic freedom.
54. SZ 4: 223; Rubin, p. 153/164.
55. McClellan, Two Japanese Novelists, p. 34.
56. Robbe-Grillet, pp. 59, 61, 67.
About the Typeface
The Adobe Garamond font family is based upon the typefaces first created by the famed French printer Claude Garamond in the sixteenth century.
This serif face was created by Robert Slimbach and released by Adobe in 1989; its italics are influenced by the designs of Garamond’s assistant, Robert Granjon.
About the Authors
Natsume Sōseki was one of the foremost Japanese novelists of the Meiji period. After studying in England Sōseki began a career at Tokyo Imperial University as a scholar of English literature, but later resigned to devote himself to writing. From 1984 until 2004, his portrait appeared on the front of the Japanese 1,000-yen note.
Jay Rubin is an American academic and translator, and the author of the novel The Sun Gods. He is most notable for translating many of the novels of Haruki Murakami.
Haruki Murakami is a contemporary Japanese writer. His books and stories have been bestsellers in Japan as well as internationally.
Copyright
First published in Japan as Kofu in 1908
First published in English in the USA
by Stanford University Press in 1988
English translation © Jay Rubin, 1988
Revised translation and afterword © Jay Rubin, 2015
Introduction © Haruki Murakami, 2015
This edition first published in Great Britain in 2015
by Aardvark Bureau, 59 Ebury Street,
London, SW1W 0NZ
All rights reserved
The right of Jay Rubin to be identified as translator of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
ISBN 9781910709061 epub
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