27. “Cheberiachka”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 88.
28. “lowest of the low”: STEN I, pp. 161, 467, 400.
29. Cheberyak was volatile: STEN I, p. 308.
30. Cheberyak freely admitted: STEN I, p. 468.
31. tried for the crime: Margolin, The Jews, 169.
32. her gang included: STEN I, p. 468.
33. he usually made himself scarce: STEN I, p. 284.
34. into a stupor: STEN II, pp. 20, 23.
35. semen on the wallpaper: STEN II, p. 167.
36. police informer: Mikhailov memoir, p. 13. This is the only source for Vera Cheberyak being an informer, but the accusation seems plausible.
37. “Vera … would visit me”: f. 864, op. 10, d. 11, l. 104.
38. A neighbor noticed: STEN II, p. 27.
39. stretch one day’s dinner: STEN I, p. 663.
40. Gusin watch store: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 11, l. 3–4; STEN I, p. 548; STEN II, p. 42.
41. Nadia Gaevskaya: GAKO-DpdB (reel 4) f. 183, op. 5, d. 5, l. 263; STEN I, pp. 467–69.
42. The next day: STEN I, pp. 503, 549, 571; STEN II, pp. 43, 53.
43. stashed stolen goods: STEN II, p. 47.
44. “She looked somehow upset”: STEN II, pp. 24–25.
45. denied he’d seen: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 36 ob.
46. A theory of the case: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 306; Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 98; the notion that the Andrei’s murder was part of a plot to foment a pogrom was oft-repeated but unsupported by any evidence. Margolin did not take it seriously; see, Jews of Eastern Europe, p. 189.
47. “Relations between Krasovsky and Mishchuk”: Pidzharenko, Ne ritual’noe, pp. 64–65.
48. clippings: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 72–73.
49. Krasovsky supervised: STEN I, p. 169.
50. In Luka’s presence: STEN I, p. 111.
51. officers searched the Cheberyaks’ home: GAKO-DpdB (reel 2) f. 2, op. 229, d. 264, l. 18.
52. Kirichenko, recalled: STEN II, p. 41.
53. Cheberyak detained: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, pp. 94–95; Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 96.
54. “I’ll be free of her”: STEN II, p. 21.
55. beaten the rap: STEN II, p. 597.
56. “I was afraid”: STEN I, p. 301.
57. “very drunk” Fyodor: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 68 ob.–69.
58. A pattern had emerged: This point is made by Stepanov in Chernaia (1992), p. 279.
59. Cheberyak was held: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 101; Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 94; GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 66–68 ob.
60. liberal press rejoiced: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), pp. 362–63.
61. slip of paper: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), p. 363; STEN I, pp. 114, 560; GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5, l. 11–12.
62. “heaping testimony”: Hans Gross, Criminal Investigation, p. 55, http://archive.org/stream/criminalinvestig00grosuoft/criminalinvestig00grosuoft_djvu.txt.
63. “Unfortunately, one cannot”: Tager, Tsarskaia, pp. 103, 106.
64. “wasted shells”: Korolenko, Delo Beilisa, “1. Na Luk’ianovke,” subheading III.
65. deposition: STEN I, pp. 177–80.
66. “consorting with criminals”: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 92.
67. cooperating with Golubev: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 126.
68. “The place where Cheberyak”: STEN I, p. 179.
69. “Shakhovskaya told me”: Stepanov, Chernaia (1992), p. 278.
70. On July 20: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 104.
71. “I forgot to mention”: STEN I, p. 179.
72. clay grinders: description in Korolenko, “1. Na Luk’ianovke,” subheading III.
73. “The day before yesterday”: STEN I, p. 192.
74. Korolenko the writer would point out: Korolenko, “Na Luk’ianovke,” subheading III.
75. “an agitated Golubev”: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 209.
76. “What filth”: STEN I, p. 546.
77. “conspiratorial expression”: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 209. Ruud and Stepanov hypothesize that Beilis and his son were initially detained out of fear for their safety and to preserve public order and that, at this point, the prosecution of Beilis was not inevitable. I do not believe a full reading of the record supports this theory. See Rudd and Stepanov, Fontanka 16, pp. 256–61.
78. “[Chaplinsky] explained to me”: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 227.
79. “exceptional interest”: Tager, Tsarskaia, pp. 118–19.
80. At three o’clock in the morning: Tager, Tsarskaia, 106; Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 36–38; Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 18, 1913.
4. “Andrusha, Don’t Scream”
1. At five o’clock: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 19, 1913, p. 3; Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 39.
2. Okhrana chief was well-known: Zuckerman, The Tsarist Secret Police, p. 77; Ruud and Stepanov, Fontanka 16, pp. 181–82.
3. “What do I need”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 19, 1913, p. 3.
4. Kuliabko left Beilis: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 40.
5. “You can understand”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 19, 1913, p. 3; Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 41–42.
6. The door opened: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 20, 1913, p. 3; Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 41.
7. children’s voices: Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 41–42; Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 20, 1913, p. 3.
8. “no insurance”: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 39.
9. “rogues”: Baron, The Russian Jew, p. 9.
10. half-million: Gitelman, A Century, p. xiii.
11. Dubnow: Hamm, Kiev, p. 133.
12. “ghetto”: Meir, Kiev, p. 34.
13. poor Jews: Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” p. 308; Meir, Kiev, p. 34.
14. “migraine”: Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” p. 124.
15. “cheese pies”: Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” p. 181.
16. A new life: Meir, Kiev, p. 104; Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” p. 163.
17. For perhaps every ten or so: This is a rough guess. There appears to be no estimate of the number of Jews illegally living in Kiev before World War I. But in 1910, according to Natan Meir, more than one thousand Jewish families were expelled from the city. Meir, Kiev, p. 130.
18. “For what purpose”: “Daily Raids in Kiev,” Haynt, March 30, 1911, p. 2.
19. “Where can”: Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” p. 181. A somewhat different translation can be found in Sholem Aleichem, From the Fair, trans. Curt Leviant (New York: Penguin Books, 1986), p. 238.
20. in the small village of Neshcherov: “Mendel Beilis’s Own Story of His Life and Persecution,” New York American, February 15, 1914. Beilis’s purported multipart memoir in this Hearst paper is extremely unreliable, but this fact is probably accurate. Beilis did talk to a Hearst reporter and it’s known from a reliable source that Beilis worked in Neshcherov. Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 25, 1913, p. 4.
21. pogroms traumatized: Baron, Russian Jew, p. 45.
22. “Temporary Rules”: Baron, Russian Jew, p. 48.
23. “Why do they”: Baron, Russian Jew, pp. 45–46.
24. twenty rubles: Petrovsky-Shtern, personal communication.
25. not the catastrophe: Petrovsky-Shtern, Jews in the Russian Army, pp. 150, 191–92.
26. “The Jewish soldier”: Petrovsky-Shtern, Jews in the Russian Army, p. 196.
27. opportunity came: Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 23–24.
28. brandy distillery: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 21, 1913, p. 4.
29. rich man’s home: Samuel, Blood Accusation, p. 56.
30. Kiev’s population: Meir, Kiev, p. 108.
31. “peaceful future”: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 25.
32. news soon leaked out: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 109.
33.
His conversion: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), p. 362.
34. telegram: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 78.
35. “I never told”: STEN I, p. 180.
36. “deal with him”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 110.
37. Ulyana Shakhovskaya was formally questioned: STEN I, pp. 192–93.
38. three in the morning: STEN I, p. 292.
39. “Because of a shit”: STEN I, p. 292.
40. “indictment”: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 95.
41. “I can present no information”: STEN I, p. 596.
42. Though utterly convinced: Margolin, Jews of Eastern Europe, pp. 163–64.
43. Chaplinsky’s order: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 109; Pidzharenko, Ne ritual’noe, pp. 74–77.
44. “I have nothing to consider”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 21, 1913, p. 4.
45. “My husband”: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 15, l. 95.
46. “confuse and entangle”: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 46.
47. “I must send you”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 25, 1913, p. 3.
48. Darofeyeva: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 395–395 ob., l. 401.
49. “ruin you”: STEN I, p. 332.
50. pear trees: STEN II, p. 21.
51. Vasily at first: STEN I, p. 330.
52. silent film: Morozov and Derevianko, Evreiskie Kinematografisty v Ukraine, pp. 57–61.
53. “In his delirium”: Stepanov, Chernaia (1992), p. 281; STEN I, p. 286.
54. covered his mouth: STEN I, pp. 283–84.
55. Sinkevich: STEN I, pp. 332–34.
56. communicate something to the boy wordlessly: STEN I, p. 333.
57. Polishchuk told Fenenko: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 121.
58. Contemporary Word: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), p. 370; Tager, Tsarskaia, pp. 123–24.
59. “[Zhenya’s] death”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 124.
5. “You Are a Second Dreyfus”
1. culture of professionalism: Zuckerman, The Tsarist Secret Police, pp. 58–80.
2. The officer escorting: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 26, 1913, p. 4; Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 49–50.
3. In the waiting area: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 50.
4. Moments after he entered: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 51; Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 26, 1913, p. 4.
5. piece of a mouse: Beilis, My Sufferings, p. 52.
6. impromptu courthouse: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 28, 1913, p. 4.
7. Kiev Opinion: In Russian, Kievskaia Mysl’, literally Kiev Thought.
8. Fenenko was astonished: Fenenko’s account of this episode in GAKO-DpdB (reel 2) f. 2, op. 229, d. 264, l. 196–98.
9. Krasovsky arrived: GAKO-DpdB (reel 2) f. 2, op. 229, d. 264, l. 200 ob.–201 ob.
10. two or three days: GAKO-DpdB (reel 2) f. 2, op. 229, d. 264, l. 198 ob.
11. Chaplinsky threatened: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, pp. 53, 81–82.
12. Mishchuk and his codefendants: “Delo Mishchuka v senate,” Rech’, February 8, 1913; Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 195.
13. “If you don’t give me”: STEN I, p. 547.
14. “rubbed out”: STEN I, p. 564.
15. Evgeny Mifle: GAKO-DpdB (reel 4) f. 183, op. 5, d. 5, l. 263 ob.
16. took with great seriousness: Verner, The Crisis, p. 68; Figes, A People’s Tragedy, p. 22.
17. Peter Badmaev: “Protokol doprosa G.N. Badmaeva” (Deposition of G. N. Badmaev) from the official report on Stolypin’s assassination, http://www.doc20vek.ru/node/1731; Fuhrmann, Rasputin, p. 177; Radzinsky, Rasputin, p. 146.
18. “semi-literate”: Radzinsky, Rasputin, p. 132; Fuhrmann, Rasputin, p. 62.
19. “When in trouble”: Wortman, Scenarios, vol. 2, p. 410.
20. Nicholas had entrusted: Radzinsky, Rasputin, p. 143.
21. “two infusions”: Radzinsky, Rasputin, p. 147.
22. lack of previous experience: Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 5.
23. security preparations: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 369.
24. “most humble”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 122.
25. bomb: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 369; Rech’, August 30, 1911; Moskovskie Vedomosti, August 30, 1911.
26. crossed himself: Ioffe, “Delo Beilisa,” p. 333, and personal communication; Beilis conveys Grigorovich-Barsky’s account in My Sufferings, p. 69.
27. “We must not forget”: Lincoln, In War’s Dark Shadow, p. 30; Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, p. 15.
28. “I’m a Unionist”: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), p. 203.
29. Rogger: Rogger, Jewish Policies, pp. 109–10.
30. “The Jews throw bombs”: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 170.
31. “fighting on two fronts”: Figes, A People’s Tragedy, p. 224.
32. contentious meetings: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 168.
33. “an inner voice”: Rogger, Jewish Policies, p. 93; Steinberg, “An Intellectual Portrait,” p. 16.
34. “Tsar’s mystical attitude”: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 169.
35. “stamped out”: Steinberg, “An Intellectual Portrait,” pp. 16–17.
36. political agenda: Figes, A People’s Tragedy, p. 245; Rogger, Jewish Policies, pp. 41–44.
37. Shcheglovitov: Zviagintsev, Rokovaia femida, pp. 201–11; Gruzenberg, Yesterday, pp. 78–82.
38. “taking over Siberia”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 130.
39. security: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 369; Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 5.
40. “Death is following”: Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 157. The story has been told many times, as in Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, p. 238. The story originated with a reliable source, the Duma member and conservative journalist Vasily Shulgin, who heard it directly from the official given the task of being Rasputin’s minder while in Kiev.
41. “I want to be buried”: About the will, with a slightly different translation, see Figes, A People’s Tragedy, p. 223. The Russian text (“Ia khochu byt’ pogrebennym …”) appears in many sources.
42. One bullet: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 372.
43. “At first”: Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 10; Ascher, Stolypin, p. 369.
44. “crossed himself”: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 373.
45. “Kill him!”: Stepanov, Zagadki, pp. 10–11.
46. fragments of the Order: Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 13.
47. Bogrov: Ascher, Stolypin, pp. 376–78.
48. thugs: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 375.
49. Bogrov’s motives: Stepanov, Zagadki, pp. 61–133; Ascher, Stolypin, pp. 384–86; for an argument that Bogrov’s motives stemmed primarily from his Jewishness, see Khiterer, “Social and Economic,” pp. 404–8.
50. morbidly curious readers: Morrissey, Suicide and the Body Politic, p. 314.
51. “Let my drop”: Morrissey, Suicide and the Body Politic, p. 325.
52. “depressed, bored”: Stepanov, Zagadki, p. 195.
53. “most decisive measures”: Ascher, Stolypin, p. 375.
54. Jewish conspiracy: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), pp. 285–86.
6. “Cheberyak Knows Everything”
1. good-fitting boots: Petrovsky-Shtern, Jews in the Russian Army, p. 147.
2. an “analysis”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, November 28, 1913, p. 4; Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 56–57.
3. Aaron: Details of Aaron Beilis’s life and personality from personal communication with his granddaughter, Hilda Edelist.
4. Margolin: Khiterer, “Arnold Davidovich Margolin,” pp. 146–50.
5. “who had always worked”: “A Conversation with Mendl Beilis’s Brother” (in Yiddish), Haynt, February 9, 1912, p. 3.
6. Margolin did his best: Margolin, Jews of Eastern Europe, pp. 164–66.
7. “indecisive and timid”: Margolin, Jews of Eastern Europe, p. 173.
8. “something foolish”: Gruzenberg, Yesterday, p. 105.
9. “The first word”: Gruzenberg, Yesterday, p. 12.
10. spiritually stranded: Donald Rawson, introduction to Gruzenberg
, Yesterday, p. xv.
11. The poor woman was led off: Gruzenberg, Yesterday, p. 18.
12. funeral: Gruzenberg, Yesterday, pp. 19–20.
13. struggled with his religious and national identity: Khiterer, “Arnold Davidovich Margolin,” pp. 147–48.
14. “iron whip”: Gruzenberg, Yesterday, p. 3.
15. “an offensive”: Stepanov, Chernaia (2005), p. 373.
16. “bad friend”: STEN I, p. 646.
17. “dubious person”: Tager, Tsarskaia, p. 134.
18. “I clearly heard”: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5, l. 37–38; STEN II, p. 27.
19. Fenenko knew: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, pp. 58–59.
20. Ivan Kozachenko: Beilis, My Sufferings, pp. 58–61; GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5, l. 7–8, 16; GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5—Protokoly (statements), separately numbered section, pp. 39–52.
21. Lieutenant Colonel Pavel Ivanov: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 272.
22. “Do not worry”: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5—Protokoly, p. 51.
23. “My dear wife”: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5—Protokoly, pp. 39–40.
24. legal bill: GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5—Protokoly, p. 48.
25. “stir up a riot”: STEN I, p. 370.
26. Kozachenko’s story: His statement is in GAKO f. 864, op. 10, d. 5—Protokoly, pp. 40–43; mentioned in indictment, STEN I, p. 35.
27. “I screamed at Kozachenko”: Materialy Chrezvychainoi, p. 195.
28. Chaplinsky had no intention: Tager, Tsarskaia, pp. 136, 141–42.
29. “A cold shiver”: Beilis, “Mayn Lebn in Turme,” Haynt, December 2, 1913, p. 4.
30. Brazul knew Krasovsky: STEN I, p. 475.
31. at Zhenya’s funeral: GAKO-DpdB (reel 3) f. 183, op. 5, d. 4, l. 402.
32. midwife and “healer”: Pidzharenko, Ne ritual’noe, p. 116.
33. “I’m a woman”: STEN I, pp. 478–79.
34. “talking in her sleep”: STEN II, p. 100.
35. “got it good”: STEN I, p. 479.
36. “divining”: STEN I, p. 500.
37. “quixotic”: STEN I, p. 521.
38. “ ‘Cheberyak knows everything’ ”: Margolin, The Jews of Eastern Europe, p. 168.
A Child of Christian Blood: Murder and Conspiracy in Tsarist Russia: The Beilis Blood Libel Page 42