by Joshua Fogel
3. (Tokyo: Dai Nihon tosho kabushiki gaisha, 1907). Naka was a noted historian whose many works included Shina tsūshi (Comprehensive history of China), the first modern history of this sort in any language and written in literary Chinese. It ends with the Song dynasty, because Naka did not believe he had enough raw data for the next section on the Mongol dynasty. He thus devoted the next period of years to securing a copy of the Secret History of the Mongols in Chinese and translating it; Chingisu Kan jitsuroku is that translation. He is also famous for having coined the term Tōyō (East Asia).
4. The Kanda section (referred to by many also as Jinbōchō) is home to numerous used bookstores.
5 Mōko gakuhō appeared only twice, volume 1 in July 1940 and volume 2 in April 1941; it was published by the Zenrin kyōkai. Gakujutsu hōkoku was published in 1909 by the Tōyō kyōkai chōsabu and reprinted in 1967 by the Tōyō bunko in Tokyo. Riazonovskii’s work, originally titled Obychnoe pravo mongolskikh plemen (Customary law of the Mongolian people), was translated by Yonemura Shōichi (Tokyo: Tō-A keizai chōsabu, 1935). The Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere was the euphemistic term for the lands occupied by or sympathetic to Japanese expansionism in the 1930s and 1940s.
6 Translated by Tanaka Suiichirō (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1909; 1936–38); it is a translation of his Histoire des Mongols, depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu’a Timour Bey ou Tamerlan (Paris: Firmin Didot, 1824; La Haye: Les frères Van Cleef, 1834–35; Amsterdam: F. Muller, 1852).
7 Translated by Gaimushō chōsabu (Research Department of the Foreign Ministry) (Tokyo: Gaimushō chōsabu, 1936; Seikatsusha, 1941). It is a translation of Obshchestvennyi stroi Mongolov, mongol’skii kochevoi feodalizm (Social structure of the Mongols, Mongolian nomadic feudalism) (Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1934).
8 Translated by Gotō Tomio (Tokyo: Seikatsusha, 1940; reprint, Seoul, 1997). It is a translation of “The Geographical Factor in Mongol History,” a speech given on December 14, 1936 and subsequently published in Geographical Journal 91 (1938): 1–20; it has been reprinted in Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History, Collected Papers 1928–1958 (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), 241–58.
9 Translated by Tō-A kenkyūjo (East Asian research group) (Tokyo: Ryōbun shokyoku, 1945). It is a translation of part of Tangutsko–Tibetskaia okraina Kitaia i tsentral’naia Mongoliia (The Tangut–Tibetan borderlands of China and Central Mongolia) (St. Petersburg: Tipografia Suvorina, 1893; reprint, Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo geograficheskoi literatury, 1950).
10 Ozaki: (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 1940).
11 (London: John Lane, 1936); Japanese translation: Chingisu Kan, by Katō Asatori (Tokyo: Takemura, 1938).
12 (Tokyo: Taikandō, 1942).
13 (Stuttgart, Berlin: Deutsche Verlags-Abstalt, 1934); Japanese translation: Chingisu Kan, Ajia no arashi, by Hamanaka Eiden (Tokyo: Fuzanbō, 1940).
14 (New York: R. M. McBride, 1927).
15 (Paris: Gallimard, 1931).
16 Respectively: Mōko genryū (Kyoto: Gō Minoru, 1940; Tokyo: Kōbundō shobō, 1940); Mōko ōgonshi, Mōko minzoku no koten (Golden history of the Mongols, a classic of the Mongol people) (Tokyo: Seikatsusha, 1941).
17 Vladimirtsov, Chingis-Khan (Berlin, Petersburg: Z. I. Grzhebin, 1922; reprint, St. Petersburg: Lan’, 1998); English translation by D. S. Mirsky, The Life of Chingis-Khan (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930; London: Routledge, 1930; reprint, New York: B. Blom, 1969); Japanese translation from the English by Kobayashi Takashirō (Tokyo: Nihon kōminsha, 1936; Tokyo: Seikatsusha, 1942).
18 The former has been published in fourteen fascicles (Taibei: Shijie shuju, 1988) and earlier (Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1922?). The latter was written by Li Zhichang (1193–1256), who accompanied his master, Changchun, on the voyage; recent editions include: (Shanghai: Zhongghua shuji, 1934); (Lanzhou: Lanzhou guji shusian, 1990). We have an English translation by Arthur Waley (1889–1966), The Travels of an Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist, Ch’ang-ch’un, from China to the Hindukush at the Summons of Chinghiz Khan (London: Routledge, 1931).
19 Inoue must be referring here to: Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, Description de la Chine (Paris, 1735) four volumes, with a famous set of maps done by D’Anville (1736). The full title is Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l’empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise: enrichie des cartes generales et particulìeres de ces pays, de la carte générale & des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée & ornée d’un grand nombre de figures et de vignettes gravées en taille-douce.
20 Takeda and his clan form the central figures of Akira Kurosawa’s 1980 epic film, Kagemusha (The shadow warrior).
Dramatis Personae
Note: The following is a list of the more important characters in the novel. Unless indicated as fictional (f), all characters are historical figures.
ALTAN: son of Qutula
BATACHIQAN: offspring of blue wolf and pale doe, ancestor of the Mongols
BEGTER: one of Temüjin’s younger paternal half-brothers
BELGÜTEI: one of Temüjin’s younger paternal half-brothers
BO’ORCHU: selfless friend to Temüjin, son of Naqu Bayan
BOROGHUL: foundling adopted and raised by Ö’elün
BÖRTE: Temüjin’s wife
BÜLTECHÜ BA’ATUR (F): old raconteur of Mongol history
CHA’ADAI: second son to Temüjin and Börte
CHANGCHUN: Daoist priest summoned by Chinggis to his camp in the Hindukush
CHARAQA: father of Münglig and faithful to Temüjin and his family
CHA’UR BEKI: daughter of To’oril Khan, wife of Jochi
CHILA’UN: second son of Sorqan Shira and early friend to Temüjin
CHILEDÜ: Merkid leader
CHIMBAI: eldest son of Sorqan Shira and early friend to Temüjin
CHINGGIS KHAN (see TEMÜJIN)
CHOTAN: mother of Börte, mother-in-law of Temüjin
DARITAI ODCHIGIN: Temüjin’s uncle
DAYIR USUN: a Merkid and father of Qulan
DEI SECHEN: leader of the Unggirad lineage, Temüjin’s father-in-law
DÖRBEI DOQSHIN: commander under Chinggis Khan
GHAYIR KHAN: Khorazm military officer
HAMBAGHAI: second khan of the Mongolian people
HATUN: Jin princess given to Temüjin
HÜLEGÜ: grandson of Chinggis, son of Tolui
JALAL AL-DIN: heir to Muhammad as leader of Khorazm
JAMUGHA: leader of the Jadarans, onetime ally of Temüjin
JARCHI’UDAI: father of Jelme, whom he swore to offer in service to Temüjin at birth
JEBE: archer who nearly kills Temüjin and then becomes his trusted follower
JELME: sworn to Temüjin, trusted aide for many years
JOCHI: Temüjin and Börte’s first-born son, lit. “guest”
JÜRCHEDEI: leader of the Uru’uds
KÖKÖCHÜ: Tayichi’ud orphan adopted and raised by Ö’elün
KÖLGEN: only son of Temüjin and Qulan
KUCHU: Merkid orphan adopted and raised by Ö’elün
KÜCHÜLÜG: Naiman king
LIU ZHONGLU: emissary sent to summon Changchun to Chinggis’s camp
MUHAMMAD: shah of Khorazm
MÜNGLIG: Temüjin’s Borjigin relative; son of Charaqa; father of Teb Tenggeri
MUQALI: valiant young commander under Temüjin
NAQU BAYAN: father of Bo’orchu
Ö’ELÜN (sometimes also spelled HÖ’ELÜN): mother of Temüjin (later Chinggis Khan)
ÖGEDEI: third son of Temüjin and Börte
QABUL KHAN: first khan of the Mongol people, great-grandfather of Temüjin
QACHI’UN: one of Temüjin’s younger brothers
QADA’AN: daughter of Sorqan Shira, sister of Chimbai and Chila’un
QASAR: one of Temüjin’s younger brothers
QO’AQCHIN: maidservant to Ö’elün
QOCHAR: Temüjin’s cousin
QODU KHAN: y
oung Merkid commander
QORCHI: old soothsayer originally of the Ba’arins
QUBILAI: grandson of Chinggis, son of Tolui
QUBILAI NOYAN: commander under Chinggis
QUDUQA BEKI: Oirat leader who surrenders to Chinggis and joins his army
QULAN: Chinggis’s beloved concubine
QUTULA: third khan of the Mongolian people
QUYILDAR: leader of the Mangghuds
SAMMUQA: commander under Chinggis Khan
SECHE BEKI: Temüjin’s cousin, brother of Taichu
SENGGÜM: To’oril Khan’s son
SHIGI QUTUQU: Tatar foundling adopted and raised by Ö’elün
SORQAN SHIRA: maker of fermented mare’s milk and early friend to Temüjin
SÜBE’ETEI: originally a Uriangqan, joins Temüjin’s camp early on
TAICHU: Temüjin’s cousin, brother of Seche Beki
TARGHUTAI: leader of the Tayichi’uds, onetime ally of Temüjin
TAYANG KHAN: ruler of the Naimans
TEB TENGGERI: shaman, son of Münglig
TEMÜGE: one of Temüjin’s younger brothers
TEMÜJIN: founder of the Mongol empire (later Chinggis Khan)
TEMÜLÜN: younger sister of Temüjin
TOLUI: fourth son of Temüjin and Börte
TO’ORIL KHAN: leader of the Kereyids
WANYAN FUXING: grand councilor of the Jin
WANYAN HESHUO: Jin commander
YEKE CHEREN: Altan’s cousin
YELÜ CHUCAI: Khitan prince, advisor to Chinggis Khan
YELÜ LIUGE: royal Khitan descendant, supporter of Mongol assault on Jin dynasty
YISÜGEI: father of Temüjin (later Chinggis Khan), fourth khan of the Mongolian people
YISÜGEN: daughter of Tatar chief, taken by Temüjin as concubine, sister of Yisüi
YISÜI: daughter of Tatar chief, taken by Temüjin as concubine, sister of Yisügen
WEATHERHEAD BOOKS ON ASIA
Weatherhead east asian Institute, Columbia University
LITERATURE (David Der-wei Wang, Editor)
Ye Zhaoyan, Nanjing 1937: A Love Story, translated by Michael Berry (2003)
Oda Makato, The Breaking Jewel, translated by Donald Keene (2003)
Han Shaogong, A Dictionary of Maqiao, translated by Julia Lovell (2003)
Takahashi Takako, Lonely Woman, translated by Maryellen Toman Mori (2004)
Chen Ran, A Private Life, translated by John Howard-Gibbon (2004)
Eileen Chang, Written on Water, translated by Andrew F. Jones (2004)
Writing Women in Modern China: The Revolutionary Years, 1936–1976, edited by Amy D. Dooling (2005)
Han Bangqing, The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai, first translated by Eileen Chang, revised and edited by Eva Hung (2005)
Loud Sparrows: Contemporary Chinese Short-Shorts, translated and edited by Aili Mu, Julie Chiu, Howard Goldblatt (2006)
Hiratsuka Raichō, In the Beginning, Woman Was the Sun, translated by Teruko Craig (2006)
Zhu Wen, I Love Dollars and Other Stories of China, translated by Julia Lovell (2007)
Kim Sowol, Azaleas: A Book of Poems, translated by David McCann (2007)
Wang Anyi, The Song of Everlasting Sorrow: A Novel of Shanghai, translated by Michael Berry (2008)
Ch’oe Yun, There a Petal Silently Falls: Three Stories by Ch’oe Yun, translated by Bruce and Ju-Chan Fulton (2008)
HISTORY, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE (Carol Gluck, Editor)
Takeuchi Yoshimi, What Is Modernity? Writings of Takeuchi Yoshimi, edited and translated, with an introduction, by Richard F. Calichman (2005)
Contemporary Japanese Thought, edited and translated by Richard F. Calichman, (2005)
Overcoming Modernity, edited and translated by Richard F. Calichman (2008)