by Mark Zuehlke
8 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt Col R.D. Hodgins O.C., H.L.I. of C, Given to Hist Offr HQ 3 CDN Inf Div 20 Apr 45,” 145.2H2011(D4), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 1.
9 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=JosephCharles&lastname=King&rec=id2646 (accessed June 30, 2009).
10 George Bannerman, phone interview by author, Calgary, AB, 19 March 2009.
11 Lt. George Bannerman, “Some Aspects of the Technique of Flame Throwing: ‘WASP’ and ‘Lifebuoy’ (Account by Lt. George Bannerman, Sask L.I. (M.G.), Tech Offr (Flame), First Canadian Army, Given to Historical Officer, 2 CDN INF DIV, 26 Nov 44), Canadian Operations in North-West Europe: June-November 1944,” extracts from War Diaries and Memoranda (Series 17), 018 (D2), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 1-2.
12 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=CorneliusJerome&lastname=Reidel&rec=id782 (accessed June 30, 2009).
13 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=WilfredFrancis&lastname=Bunda&rec=id4624 (accessed June 30, 2009).
14 Highland Light Infantry War Diary, March 1945, 9.
15 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=GeorgeOxley&lastname=Macdonald&rec=id2820 (accessed June 30, 2009).
16 Bannerman interview.
17 “Memorandum of Interview with Lt Col R.D. Hodgins O.C.,” 1.
18 “Almost Fatal Mistake,” in Heroes Remember, Glen Tomlin, Tomlin interview, March 7, 2005, Veteran Affairs Canada, www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/hrp/hrp_detail&media_id=2147 (accessed November 24, 2008).
19 Highland Light Infantry War Diary, March 1945, 9.
20 Ibid., 10.
21 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 8.
22 Lee Windsor, “‘Too Close for the Guns!’ 9 Canadian Infantry Brigade in the Battle for the Rhine Bridgehead,” Canadian Military History, vol. 13, nos. 1 and 2 (Winter/ Spring 2003), 11-13.
23 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF-ARecord for Canada, vol. 5 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 2612.
24 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, March 1945, 8.
25 Donald Pearce, Journal of a War: North-west Europe, 1944-45 (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1965), 164.
26 Ibid., 9.
27 Ibid.
28 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1264.
29 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, March 1945, 9.
30 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 5, 2612-13.
31 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=CliffordJohn&lastname=Handley&rec=id4980 (accessed July 3, 2009).
32 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=Alvin Clifford&lastname=Dolan&rec=id5286 (accessed July 3, 2009).
33 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=JamesAllanWilliam&lastname=Whitacre&rec=id1261 (accessed July 3, 2009).
34 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=JohnAlexander&lastname=Dure&rec=id2045 (accessed July 3, 2009).
35 William Boss, Up the Glens: Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1783-1994, 2nd ed. (Cornwall, ON: Old Book Store, 1995), 252.
5: THE ENEMY FOUGHT LIKE MADMEN
1 “Report No. 19 Historical Section Army Headquarters: ‘Operation ‘Plunder’: The Canadian Participation in the Assault Across the Rhine and the Expansion of the Bridgehead by 2 Cdn Corps 23/24 Mar-1 Apr 45,” Department of National Defence, June 26, 1948, para 68.
2 Lee Windsor, “‘Too Close for the Guns!’ 9 Canadian Infantry Brigade in the Battle for the Rhine Bridgehead,” Canadian Military History, vol. 13, nos. 1 and 2 (Winter/ Spring 2003), 15.
3 “Report No. 19,” para. 69.
4 Will R. Bird, No Retreating Footsteps: The Story of the North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Hantsport, NS: Lancelot Press, 1983), 342.
5 “Report No. 19,” para. 69.
6 Bird, No Retreating Footsteps, 342-43.
7 “Report No. 19,” para. 69.
8 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 8.
9 14th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 9.
10 Windsor, 18.
11 History of the 3rd Canadian Anti-tank Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery: October 1st 1940-May 8th 1945 (Canada: n.p., 1945), 56.
12 Bird, No Retreating Footsteps, 343.
13 Windsor, 20.
14 13th Canadian Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 7.
15 Windsor, 20-22.
16 Donald Pearce, Journal of a War: North-west Europe, 1944-45 (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1965), 163-64.
17 Windsor, 21-22.
18 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=DanielIsaac&lastname=Shanks&rec=id927 (accessed July 8, 2009).
19 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=HarryJardine&lastname=Bishop&rec=id175 (accessed July 8, 2009).
20 Windsor, 22.
21 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=William&lastname=Myers&rec=id3138 (accessed July 9, 2009).
22 Windsor, 23.
23 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=Joseph&lastname=Prokopchuk&rec=id735 (accessed July 9, 2009).
24 Windsor, 22-23.
25 Bird, No Retreating Footsteps, 352.
26 Ibid., 345-46.
27 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=LloydChristian&lastname=Winhold&rec=id3973 (accessed July 9, 2009).
28 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 8.
29 History of the 3rd Canadian Anti-tank Regiment, 57.
30 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=John&lastname=Anderson&rec=id1388 (accessed July 13, 2009).
31 History of the 3rd Canadian Anti-tank Regiment, 57.
32 Highland Light Infantry War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 10.
33 “Canadian Army
Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=FrederickJames&lastname=Jarman&rec=id287 (accessed July 13, 2009).
34 Highland Light Infantry War Diary, 10.
35 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=WilfredFrancis&lastname=Bunda&rec=id4624 (accessed June 30, 2009).
36 Highland Light Infantry War Diary, 11.
6: MORE THAN BATTERED ABOUT
1 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 8.
2 “Report No. 19 Historical Section Army Headquarters: Operation ‘Plunder’: The Canadian Participation in the Assault Across the Rhine and the Expansion of the Bridgehead by 2 Cdn Corps 23/24 Mar-1 Apr 45,” Department of National Defence, June 26, 1948, para. 72.
3 Lee Windsor, “‘Too Close for the Guns!’ 9 Canadian Infantry Brigade in the Battle for the Rhine Bridgehead,” Canadian Military History, vol. 13, nos. 1 and 2 (Winter/ Spring 2003), 26.
4 North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 16.
5 Will R. Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton, NB: Brunswick Press, 1963), 535.
6 North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment War Diary, 16.
7 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=ReginaldAlastar&lastname=Shepherd&rec=id944 (accessed July 14, 2009).
8 Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment, 535.
9 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=HarryLorne&lastname=Hamley&rec=id2365 (accessed July 14, 2009).
10 Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment, 535-38.
11 William Boss, Up the Glens: Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1783-1994, 2nd ed. (Cornwall, ON: Old Book Store, 1995), 253.
12 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 10-11.
13 “Report No. 19,” para. 81.
14 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of the Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: The Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 385.
15 “Report No. 19,” paras. 81-82.
16 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 10.
17 Reginald H. Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 395.
18 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1827.
19 William W. Barrett, History of 13th Canadian Field Artillery (n.p., 1945), 120.
20 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 401.
21 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 12.
22 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 11.
23 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 395.
24 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 11.
25 Ibid.
26 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 395-96.
27 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 12.
28 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 396.
29 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 12.
30 “Regina Rifles Intelligence Log, March 1945,” sheet 8, www.reginarifles.ca (accessed July 15, 2009).
31 “J. Walter Keith Account,” unpublished reminiscence in possession of author, 4-8.
32 “Regina Rifles War Diary, March 1945,” sheet 8, www.reginarifles.ca (accessed July 15, 2009).
33 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade War Diary, 13-14.
34 Stuart Louis Johns, telephone interview with author, 3 June, 2009.
35 “12th Canadian Field Regiment Op ‘Plunder,’” 1424F.12011(D2), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 2.
36 T.J. Bell, Into Action with the 12th Field (Utrecht: J. van Boekhoven, 1945), 128.
7: PRETTY STICKY
1 Reginald H. Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 396-97.
2 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 12.
3 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 397-98.
4 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 12.
5 “Operation Plunder: Regina RIF-Battle Narrative Emmerich,” 1452R.11011(D6), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 1.
6 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 7.
7 C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944-1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 539.
8 Bernard Law Montgomery, The Memoirs of Field Marshal The Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, K.G. (London: Collins, 1958), 331.
9 “Report No. 19 Historical Section Army Headquarters: Operation ‘Plunder’: The Canadian Participation in the Assault Across the Rhine and the Expansion of the Bridgehead by 2 Cdn Corps 23/24 Mar-1 Apr 45,” Department of National Defence, June 26, 1948, para. 111.
10 Walter B. Maass, The Netherlands at War: 1940-1945 (Toronto: Abelard-Schuman, 1970), 224.
11 “Reports by Gen. H.D.G. Crerar, C.B., D.S.O., on Operations 1st Cdn Army to McNaughton: 7.11 Mar to 5 May 45,” vol. 10636, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 3.
12 Stacey, The Victory Campaign, 541.
13 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of the Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 385-86.
14 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=WilliamFernley&lastname=Brundrit&rec=id1634 (accessed July 24, 2009).
15 “Report No. 19,” paras. 87-89.
16 Stacey, The Victory Campaign, 541.
17 “J. Walter Keith Account,” unpublished reminiscence in possession of author, 8-9.
18 “Report No. 19,” para. 89.
19 Eric Luxton, ed. 1st Battalion, The Regina Rifles Regiment, 1939-1946 (Regina: The Regiment, 1946), 59.
20 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 7.
21 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 13.
22 Roy, Ready for the Fray, 399.
23 “Canadian Army Overseas Honours and Awards Citation Details,” Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/cao-aco/details-eng.asp?firstname=AlbinJames&lastname=Kellerman&rec=id354 (accessed on July 24, 2009).
24 “Report No. 19,” para. 90.
25 “J. Walter Keith account,” 9-10.
26 Luxton, 59.
27 Ibid.
28 “Report No. 19,” paras. 92-93.
29 “J. Walter Keith account,” 10-11.
30 “Report No. 19,” para. 94.
31 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 13.
32 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, 7-8.
33 “Report No. 19,” para 94.
34 “J. Walter Keith Account,” 11-12.
35 “Operation Plunder: Regina RIF-Battle Narrative Emmerich,” 3.
36 Regina Rifles “Intelligence Log,” March 1945, sheet 11, www.reginarifles.ca (accessed July 27, 2009).
37 “Report No. 19,” para. 95.
38 “Operation Plunder: Regina RIF-Battle Narrative Emmerich,” 3.
39 “Report No. 19,” par
a. 96.
40 Alex Kuppers, ed., Perspectives (Vancouver: Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc., British Columbia Branch, 2003), 106.
41 Bruce Tascoma and Eric Wells, Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles (Winnipeg: Frye Publishing, 1994), 186.
42 History of the 3rd Canadian Anti-tank Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery: October 1st 1940-May 8th 1945 (Canada: n.p., 1945), 59.
43 “J. Walter Keith Account,” 6-12.
44 Ibid., 12.
45 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 14.
46 “Operation Plunder: Regina RIF-Battle Narrative Emmerich,” 3-4.
47 Canadian Scottish Regiment War Diary, 12-14.
48 “Report No. 19 Historical Section Army Headquarters: ‘OperationPlunder’: The Canadian Participation in the Assault Across the Rhine and the Expansion of the Bridgehead by 2 Cdn Corps 23/24 Mar-1 Apr 45,” Appendix B, Department of National Defence, June 26, 1948.
49 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 15.
8: UTMOST TENACITY
1 “Operation Plunder: Prepared by Q.O.R. of C.,” 145.2Q2011(D7), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 2.
2 “Operation Plunder: Prepared by R. de Chaud.,” 145.2R 2011(D2), Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 1.
3 “Operation Plunder: Prepared by Q.O.R. of C.,” 2-3.
4 “Operation Plunder: Prepared by R. de Chaud.,” 1.
5 “Operation Plunder: Prepared by Q.O.R. of C.,” 2-3.
6 “Report No. 19 Historical Section Army Headquarters: ‘Operation ‘Plunder’: The Canadian Participation in the Assault Across the Rhine and the Expansion of the Bridgehead by 2 Cdn Corps 23/24 Mar-1 Apr 45,” Appendix B, Department of National Defence, June 26, 1948.
7 “Report No. 19,” para. 118.
8 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of the Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 386-87.
9 7th Canadian Reconnaissance Regiment (17th Duke of York’s Royal Canadian Hussars) War Diary, March 1945, RG24, Library and Archives Canada, 11.