Art of Betrayal

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Art of Betrayal Page 56

by Gordon Corera


  Blake, George, 47–8, 92, 142–3, 147, 153, 172, 176–7, 182, 190, 216, 237, 238, 244, 245, 264, 266, 267, 328, 397

  Bletchley Park, 28

  Blouin, Andrée, 117, 119, 121, 122

  Blix, Hans, 377, 380, 383

  Blowpipe missile, 305

  Blunt, Anthony, 191, 194, 214, 239

  Bodman, Stuart, 301–2, 302–3

  Bolivia, 32

  Bolshevism/Bolsheviks, 54, 145

  Bond, James (fictional character), 4, 5, 58, 84, 93, 158, 223, 258, 321–2, 323, 324

  Bormann, Martin, 34

  BP, 97

  Braithwaite, Sir Rodric, 45, 46, 282, 283, 288, 317, 318, 400

  Brazzaville, 109, 110, 119

  Brewer, Sam Pope, 84–5

  Brewer, Eleanor see Philby (formerly Brewer), Eleanor

  Britain: MI6 seen as means of preserving influence of, 5; and Second World War intelligence, 28–9, 188; lacks intelligence about Soviet Union at beginning of Cold War, 28; Philby’s betrayal of see Philby, Kim; Baltic operations, 51–5, 67; Albanian operations, 55–6, 57, 58, 59–63, 64, 65, 66, 67; lack of money, 56; as depicted in Fleming’s writing, 58–9; relations with US, 67–8, 84, 91, 116, 170–1, 271, 343; involved in removal of Mossadegh in Iran, 78–9; Suez Crisis, 79–82, 91; interests in the Congo, 97–8; official approached by secret delegations from Katanga, 112; Congo crisis rises to top of cabinet agenda, 114; Penkovsky betrays Soviets to see Penkovsky, Oleg; concerned about being blind to Soviet attack, 165; and advent of satellite spying, 170–1; informed about Golitsyn’s defection, 189; Golitsyn provides information about Soviet penetrations in, 189–90; Golitsyn relocates to, 190; molehunts, 190–8, 199, 204–9, 211–18, 263–4, 265–7; Soviet subversive operations against, 219–42; use of blackmail, 231–2; Profumo Affair, 239; Gordievsky acts as spy for see Gordievsky, Oleg; Gorbachev’s visit to, 272; Gordievsky escapes from Moscow to, 274–80; involvement in Afghanistan, after Soviet invasion, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 300, 301–2, 303–4, 305, 308, 309, 312, 314; act passed to place MI6 on statutory footing, 322; counter-terrorism investigations, 330–1, 343–4, 345–6, 347–50, 351–2; and 9/11, 330–5; and Afghanistan, after 9/11, 335 337, 338; and US treatment of detainees, 339–43; US not permitted to run unilateral operations in, 343; terrorist attacks on, 346–7; and Iraq, 353–71, 374, 376, 377–8, 380–1, 382–3, 386–93; sends force to Afghanistan, 398; see also British Field Security; Foreign Office; Field Intelligence Agency Technical; GCHQ; London; MI5; MI6

  British American Tobacco, 97

  British Consulate General, Leopoldville, 94, 96, 97

  British Control Commission: Fishery Protection Service, 52

  British Embassy: Moscow, 139, 156, 225, 227, 228, 229, 318, 319; Paris, 284; Warsaw, 178; Washington, 332, 333–4

  British Field Security, 9–10, 13, 20, 21, 26, 31–2, 33, 38, 41, 43

  British Naval Attaché’s office, Moscow, 200, 201

  Broadway, 58, 63, 141, 142, 178, 256, 402

  Buchan, John, 33, 95, 323, 324, 335

  Bucharest, 46

  Budapest, 38, 46, 82–3, 84, 173

  Bulgaria, 35

  Bulik, Joe, 141, 143, 150, 152, 155, 160, 162–3, 166, 172, 175, 198

  Bunch of Grapes pub, Brompton Road, 234

  Burgess, Guy, 68, 69, 74, 75, 191, 192, 206, 226, 230, 243–4, 285

  Burma, 132–3

  Bush, President George H. W., 214, 282

  Bush, President George W., 331, 333, 334, 340, 341, 342, 354, 355, 356, 359, 360, 362, 372, 375, 383

  Butler, Robin, 270

  Butler inquiry, 389

  Cabinet Office, 317

  Caccia, Harold, 45

  Café Mozart, Vienna, 13

  Cairncross, John, 191, 262

  Cairo, 24, 68

  Callaghan, James, 213

  Cambridge, 16, 18, 46, 53, 66, 69, 73, 167, 191

  Cambridge Five, 87, 190–2, 256 see also Blunt, Anthony; Burgess, Guy; Cairncross, John; Maclean, Donald; Philby, Kim

  Camel Drivers, 6, 133, 292, 329, 396

  Campbell, Alastair, 331, 334, 355, 360, 361, 366, 386, 387

  Camp David, 272

  Canada, 190, 195, 232, 237

  Canary Wharf, 342

  Carlos the Jackal, 131

  Carlton Gardens, 142, 197

  Carr, Harry, 54, 62, 65, 66, 67, 90

  Casanova nightclub, Vienna, 33

  Casey, Bill, 281–2, 306–7, 313

  Castro, Fidel, 80, 118, 123, 131, 144, 158

  Caucasus, the, 63, 144

  Cavendish, Anthony, 22–3, 24–7, 31, 36, 51, 52, 67, 71, 82, 83, 85, 93, 223, 261, 401

  CBS News, 293

  Central African Federation, 112

  Century House, 213, 256, 260, 277, 278, 282, 295, 316, 321, 402

  Chalabi, Ahmed, 373

  Chapman, Anna, 396

  Chelsea, 53

  Cheltenham Grammar School, 141

  Cheney, Dick, 340, 341, 355, 358, 372, 376

  Chequers, 270, 357, 377

  China/the Chinese, 199, 204, 328, 399, 400

  Chisholm, Janet, 156, 157, 164, 166, 167, 170, 173, 176

  Chisholm, Rauri, 156, 172, 224

  Chitral, 298

  ‘Christmas Massacre’, 327

  Churchill, Winston, 12, 30, 60

  CIA: relationship with MI6, 5, 271; in Vienna, 37, 39–40, 43, 49; and Berlin tunnel, 48; and Albania, 56, 58, 65; OPC absorbed into, 57; enthusiasm for covert action, 57–8; and Philby, 64, 65–6, 69, 85, 189; and resistance movements in Eastern Europe, 67; and removal of Mossadegh in Iran, 79; and Suez crisis, 81–2; and Hungarian uprising, 82, 83; activities in the Congo, through work of Devlin, 108, 110–11, 113, 114–15, 116, 117, 118–19, 120, 121, 122–4, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131; and Congress, 131, 323; and Penkovsky’s letter, 136–7; first attempt to contact Penkovsky, 137; businessman reports another approach made by Penkovsky, 138; Penkovsky works for MI6 and, 135, 140–1, 143–70, 176–7; tensions about handling of Penkovsky, 166–7; manages to get operational officers into American Embassy in Moscow, 168–9; and discovery of Penkovsky by KGB, 171–2; arguments with MI6 after arrest of Penkovsky, 174–5; lessons learnt from Penkovsky, 181 strategy in identifying potential agents, 182; and Golitsyn, 185–8, 198, 201; molehunts, 187, 204, 205, 209–11, 214, 215; and Nosenko, 200–4; and Gordievsky, 270–1, 281–2; betrayed to Soviets, 284–6; and Afghanistan, after Soviet invasion, 291–2, 292–3, 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 303, 304–5, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312–13; focus on terrorist threat, 328; and Dearlove, 329, 358, 392; and 9/11, 332, 333–4; and Afghanistan, after 9/11, 336, 337, 338, 351; and treatment of prisoners, 340; unilateral operations in UK not permitted, 343; Al Qaeda runs double agent against, 351; and Iraq, 354, 357, 366, 371–2, 373, 374–5, 376, 381, 382, 388, 389; Daily Threat Matrix, 356; and Libya, 383–4; brief references, 2, 7, 80, 90, 236, 257–8, 311; see also names of officers

  Claptrap, Operation, 44

  Classic Cinema, Baker Street, 236

  Clinton administration, 313

  Cliveden, 239

  CND, 272

  CNN, 285

  COBRA, 331

  Cohen, Lona (Helen Kroger), 236–7

  Cohen, Morris (Peter Kroger), 236

  Cold War, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 20, 28, 29, 35, 44, 49, 51, 56, 60, 94, 108, 114, 116, 117, 120, 131, 132, 135, 146, 147, 157, 162, 165, 170, 177, 182, 195, 223, 267, 271, 281, 283, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292, 300, 315, 317, 324, 327, 328, 329

  College of Commissioners/Congolese Commission, 121, 129

  Communism: and Afghanistan, 310, 311; and Africa, 96, 114, 116, 117; and Albania, 59, 60; and Asia, 132; and Austria, 30, 31; and Blake, 48; and Blunt, 191; commitment behind Iron Curtain, 147; and consumer goods, 151, 288; and Czechoslovakia, 30; and developing world, 114; and Geneva, 328; and Gordievsky, 249–50; and Greene, 20; and Hungarian uprising, 83, 84; and ideological recruits, 231; and Lonsdale, 238; and Lunn, 44; and MI6 molehunt, 206; and Park, 36; and Philby, 16–17, 18, 66, 73, 75, 243,
247; political warfare against, 56–7; refugees from, 37; and Young, 29; brief references, 23, 221

  Compass, 137, 144

  Congo, the, 4, 94–134, 177, 292

  Congolese Army, 108 Congolese Commission/College of Commissioners, 121, 129

  Congress (US), 131, 211, 294, 313, 323, 375

  Conservative Party, 219–20, 221, 223, 224, 226

  Conrad, Joseph, 104, 105; Heart of Darkness, 104

  Cooper, Chester, 80–1, 81–2

  Copeland, Miles, 93

  Copenhagen, 250–1, 252–5

  Corfu, 56

  Cornwell, David see le Carré, John

  Cossacks, 37

  counter-intelligence, 188–9, 211 see also molehunts

  Courtauld Institute, 191

  Courtney, Anthony, 52–3, 58, 204–5, 223–7

  Cowell, Gervase, 167–8, 171

  Cowell, Pamela, 167, 168

  Crabb, Lionel ‘Buster’, 76, 77–8

  Cradock, Sir Percy, 284

  Crevice investigation, 345–6, 347

  Crossman, Dick, 221

  Cuba, 117–18, 170, 177, 292, 340; Missile Crisis, 2, 6, 170, 171, 198, 223, 267, 375

  Curveball, 374–6, 381, 389, 390

  Curwen, Chris, 217, 280

  Cyprus, 59, 382

  Czech Security Service see StB

  Czechoslovakia, 9, 10, 11, 17, 30, 35, 57, 180 251, 320

  Daily Mail, 246–7

  Dandelion, 22

  Dar es Salaam, 95

  Dearlove, Richard: becomes Chief of MI6, 328; career before becoming Chief, 180 328–9; rivalry with Scarlett, 329; and 9/11 terrorist attack, 330, 331, 332; and increased influence of MI6 on government, 334, 352, 362–3; concerns about American response to 9/11, 340–1; and build-up to Iraq war, 357–8, 358–9, 362–4, 366–7, 368, 370, 379; and Libya, 383; and the failure to find WMD in Iraq, 387–8; comments concerning Iraq war, 391–2; preretirement address to staff, 393; brief reference, 394

  Defence Appropriations Sub-Committee (US), 294

  Defence Intelligence Agency (US), 374

  Defence Intelligence Staff (Britain), 369, 370

  de Mowbray, Stephen, 192–3, 196, 197, 205, 208, 211–12, 213, 218

  Dench, Dame Judi, 322

  Denmark, 250–1, 252–5

  Deriabin, Pyotr, 43, 185

  Devlin, Larry, 108, 110–11, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122–4, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 211

  Diana, Princess, 324–5

  Diego Garcia, 59

  Displaced Persons camps, 32, 37, 61

  Dr No, 223

  Dolphin Square, 230

  Dominican Republic, 123

  Double-Cross System, 29, 188, 194

  Douglas-Home, Alec, Lord Home, 121, 124, 125, 225

  Downing Street, 79, 272, 331, 341, 355, 359, 361, 367, 368, 370, 386, 393

  Duelfer, Charles, 388, 390

  Dulles, Allen, 69, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123, 127, 158, 177

  Dulwich Picture Gallery, 233

  East Berlin, 238

  Eastern Europe, 30, 67, 81, 114, 116, 188, 207, 284, 286, 320, 340 see also names of countries

  East Germany, 25, 157

  Economist, 76

  Eden, Anthony, 60, 74, 76, 77, 79, 84, 326

  Egypt, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 115, 145, 295, 345

  Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 113, 115, 118, 123, 124–5

  El Baradei, Mohammed, 380

  Eliot, T. S., 199–200

  Elisabethville, 112, 129

  Elizabeth II, Queen, 140, 153; as Princess, 61

  Elliott, Nicholas, 71–2, 75, 76, 77, 85, 86–8, 89, 90, 194, 206, 228

  Embarrass, Operation, 33

  Enigma machines, 28

  European Court of Human Rights, 321

  Evans, Jonathan, 394

  Evening Standard, 74, 353

  Fahim, General Mohammed, 335

  Falklands War, 256

  Far East, 145, 207, 316

  Farm, the (CIA training establishment), 203

  FBI, 68, 87, 88, 341

  Ferguson, Sarah, Duchess of York, 333

  Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), 33–4, 95

  Field Security see British Field Security

  Financial Times, 320

  Finland, 184–5, 276

  First World War, 27–8

  Flag Office, 52

  Fleming, Ian, 3–4, 33, 58–9, 84, 85, 158, 223

  Fluency Committee, 208

  Foot, Operation, 241

  Force Publique, 105, 108, 113, 118

  Foreign Office, 30, 45, 46, 55, 57, 68, 75, 76, 91, 95, 98, 102–3, 110, 189, 221, 224, 226, 240, 278, 282, 284, 293, 301, 316, 319, 334, 335 341, 362, 397

  Forster, E. M., 191

  Forsyth, Frederick, 270

  Fort, the (MI6 training establishment), 207, 218, 280, 281

  Fort Detrick, 124

  Four Seasons Hotel, Washington, 332

  France, 80, 105, 190, 381, 400; Penkovsky in, 160–6

  Frankfurt, 186

  Franks, Dickie, 138, 293

  Fraser, Lady Antonia, 223

  Freed (Miloslav Kroča), 180 320

  Freetown, 15

  Friberg, Frank, 184, 185, 186, 187

  Frieda, 25

  FSB (Russian domestic security service), 395

  Fuchs, Klaus, 36

  Fylingdales military base, 241

  Gaddafi, Colonel, 383, 384

  Gaddafi, Saif, 383

  Gagarin, Yuri, 147, 221

  Gaitskell, Hugh, 208

  Gall, Sandy, 293

  Gates, Robert, 271

  GCHQ, 165, 178, 240, 270, 343–4

  Gee, Ethel ‘Bunty’, 235, 236

  Geneva, 200, 201, 207, 218, 281, 328

  Geneva accords, 309

  Geneva Conventions, 339, 340

  Georgetown, 285, 374

  German scientists, 34–5

  Germany, 24, 27, 28–9, 34, 36, 51, 52–3, 141, 187, 201, 268, 281, 373, 374, 375, 388 see also East Germany

  Ghana, 96, 98, 122

  Gladio, Operation, 49

  Goldeneye, 84

  Golitsyn, Anatoly, 41–3, 84, 86, 90, 184–8, 189–90, 192, 195, 197–8, 199, 201, 203, 205, 208–9, 210, 213, 215, 218, 230

  Golitsyn, Svetlana, 184, 186

  Golitsyn, Tanya, 184–5, 186

  Goodman, Benny, 169

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 272, 273, 276, 281, 283, 284, 288–9, 309

  Gordievsky, Oleg, 6, 248–58, 259–64, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270–83, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 318

  Gordievsky, Yelena, 250

  Gorka, Paul, 38, 82, 83

  Gottlieb, Sidney, 123–4, 131

  Gower Street, 266

  Grand Hotel, Vienna, 41

  Graz, 21

  Great Game, 54, 290, 323

  Greece, 56

  Greene, Graham, 3–4, 8, 13–16, 20, 33, 105, 132, 194, 245–7. 291; The Confidential Agent, 73; The Human Factor, 245; Our Man in Havana, 22, 170, 370; The Quiet American, 132; The Third Man (screenplay), 13–14, 15, 16, 20, 75, 132

  Grenier, Bob, 337

  Gribanov, General Oleg, 198

  Grigori, Captain, 26

  Gromov, General Boris, 309

  GRU, 40, 145, 147, 148, 173, 231, 263, 268

  Guantánamo Bay, 340, 341

  Guinea, 95

  Guinness, Alec, 214

  Guk, Arcadi, 261, 263, 264, 271

  Gulf, the, 292, 299

  Gulf Features Service, 301

  Gulf War 1991 378

  Hamburg, 51, 53

  Hanoi, 132

  Haq, Abdul, 295, 304, 338

  Haqqani, Jalaluddin, 304, 311, 338

  Harrow East constituency, 224

  Hart, Judith, 208

  Harvard, 108

  Harvey, Bill, 69

  Harvey’s Restaurant, Washington, 64

  Havel, Václav, 320

  Hayat, Muslem, 299

  Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 294–5, 298, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310,
311, 312, 338

  Helmand, 296, 398

  Helms, Richard, 39, 205, 209

  Helsinki, 184–5, 187, 276, 319

  Henrietta (yacht), 61

  Hind gunships, 304, 305–6

  Hitler, Adolf, 325

  Hollis, Roger, 66, 88, 195–6, 197, 204–5, 208, 210, 212, 213, 217, 218, 226, 239, 262–3

  Home, Alec Douglas-Home, Lord, 121, 124, 125, 225

  Hong Kong, 59, 132

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 74, 88

  Hotel Metropole, Leeds, 149

  Hotel Sacher, Vienna, 14, 32, 41

  Houghton, Harry, 233–5, 236

  House of Commons, 75, 77, 225, 371

  House of Lords, 133

  Howe, Geoffrey, 272

  Hoxha, Enver, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67

  Hungarian Secret Police, 38

  Hungary, 10, 30, 37–9, 82–3, 84, 114, 253

  Hunt, Sir John, 212, 213

  Hurd, Douglas, 322

  Hussein, Saddam, 319, 328, 353–4, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 363, 364, 368, 370, 371, 372, 375, 376, 377, 378–9, 381, 386, 389, 392

  Ibn Saud, King, 72

  Imperial Hotel, Vienna, 41

  India, 72, 290, 311

  Indo-China, 132

  Indonesia, 132

  Intelligence Corps, 24, 45, 141

  IRA, 343, 347, 381

  Iran, 78–9, 160, 292, 328, 331, 359, 378, 398; Shah of, 79

  Iraq, 2, 7, 85, 319, 321, 328, 331, 332, 353–92, 393, 394, 397

  Iraqi National Congress, 372

  Iraq Survey Group, 390

  Iron Curtain, 9, 10, 12, 36, 53, 55, 62, 65, 83, 138, 147, 162, 207, 225

  ISI, 294, 295, 300–1, 307–8, 310, 311, 332, 337, 338, 351, 352

  Islam, 350; radical, 307, 328; see also Muslims

  Islamabad, 292, 300, 306, 311, 337, 352

  Islamic Observation Centre, 314

  Israel, 80, 81, 400

  Italy, 32, 57, 343, 376

  ITN, 293

  Ivanov, Evgeni, 239

  Ivy, The (restaurant), 138

  Jacob, Richard, 171–2

  Jaffar, Jaffar Dhia, 378, 379–80, 381, 387

  Jalalabad, 310, 338

  Jamaica, 84

  Jewish refugees, 32–3

  JIC see Joint Intelligence Committee

  Joan (MI6 support officer), 260, 274, 279

  Jones, John Harvey, 53

  Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), 28, 29, 56, 80, 81, 115, 165, 166, 268, 310, 315, 317, 329, 331, 361, 362, 363, 366, 368, 370, 390, 399

  Jones, Brian, 369–70

  Jordanian intelligence, 351

  Kabul, 290, 297, 298, 302, 304, 308, 311, 337, 338, 356, 399; University, 307

  Kaczmarzyk, Adam (Beneficiary), 178–80, 182, 217

  Kalinin, 154

  Kamel, Hussein, 357

 

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