Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army

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by Jeremy Scahill


  92 Federal campaign records.

  93 June Kronholz, “Big Test: In Michigan, Vouchers Get Money and Savvy and a Broad Coalition—Amway Chief and Wife Give Program Higher Profile, Better Shot at Success,” Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2000.

  94 “Kerry Candaele’s interview with Robert Pelton,” www.iraqforsale.org/ robert_pelton.php, accessed November 28, 2006.

  95 Joan Nicole Prince obituary from Herrick District Library obituary file; Obituary, Albany Times Union, June 24, 2003.

  96 Amazon.com page for Christian Fatherhood, www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/0965858227, accessed November 30, 2006.

  97 “Voter’s Guide for Serious Catholics,” Catholic Answers Action, San Diego, 2006.

  98 Ibid.

  99 Karl Keating, “Karl Keating’s E-Letter,” April 29, 2003.

  100 Author copy of Freiheit Foundation records.

  101 Ibid.

  102 David D. Kirkpatrick, “Club of the Most Powerful Gathers in Strictest Privacy,” New York Times, August 28, 2004.

  103 Ibid.

  104 Ibid.

  105 Ibid.

  106 Ibid.

  107 Ibid.

  108 Ibid.

  109 Ibid.

  110 Ibid.

  111 Russ Bellant, The Religious Right in Michigan Politics, p. 13.

  112 Ibid., p. 63.

  113 Author copy of Freiheit Foundation records.

  114 Ibid.

  115 See Prison Fellowship Web site: www.prisonfellowship.org.

  116 Joseph Loconte, “God’s Warden; How Charles Colson Went From Watergate Villain to Christian Hero,” The Weekly Standard, October 17, 2005.

  117 David Plotz, “Charles Colson,” Slate magazine, March 11, 2000.

  118 Morton H. Halperin, “Bush Is No Nixon—He’s Worse,” Los Angeles Times, July 16, 2006.

  119 David Plotz, “Charles Colson,” Slate magazine, March 11, 2000.

  120 Ibid.

  121 Prison Fellowship Web site, www.prisonfellowship.org/generic.asp?ID=138, accessed December 4, 2006.

  122 Ibid.

  123 Transcript, “America’s Compassion in Action: Remarks by the President at the First White House National Conference on Faith-Based and Community Initiatives at the Washington Hilton and Towers,” www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/06/20040601-10.html, June 1, 2004.

  124 Ibid.

  125 Gary Emerling, “Inmate Aid Project Grows,” Washington Times, March 20, 2005.

  126 Charles Colson, “How Now Shall We Live,” Journal of Markets and Morality, Spring 2002.

  127 Chuck Colson, “What’s Hidden in the Shadows: Radical Islam and U.S. Prisons,” Town-Hall. com, September 26, 2006.

  128 Ibid.

  129 Ibid.

  130 “Honoring Chuck Colson,” www.acton.org/dinner/, accessed November 27, 2006.

  131 Author copy of Freiheit Foundation records.

  132 Acton Institute Board of Directors, www.acton.org/about/board/, accessed November 27, 2006; Joan Nicole Prince obituary from Herrick District Library obituary file.

  133 Author copy of recording of Charles Colson’s speech “War of the Worlds” at the Acton Annual Dinner, October 26, 2006.

  134 “Evangelicals and Catholics Together: The Christian Mission in the Third Millennium,” First Things, May 1994.

  135 Damon Linker, The Theocons: Secular America Under Siege, Doubleday, New York, 2006.

  136 “Evangelicals and Catholics Together: The Christian Mission in the Third Millennium,” First Things, May 1994.

  137 Ibid.

  138 Ibid.

  139 Damon Linker, The Theocons, p. 7.

  140 “Evangelicals and Catholics Together: The Christian Mission in the Third Millennium,” First Things, May 1994.

  141 Ibid.

  142 Ibid.

  143 Ibid.

  144 Ibid.

  145 Ibid.

  146 Damon Linker, The Theocons, pp. 85-86.

  147 Charles Colson, “How Now Shall We Live,” Journal of Markets and Morality, Spring 2002.

  148 Nathan Hodge, “Blackwater CEO Touts Private Peacekeeping Model,” Defense Daily, February 23, 2005.

  149 Freiheit Foundation and Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation records.

  150 “Milestone Man,” www.haggai-institute.com/News/NewsItem.asp?ItemID=990, accessed November 27, 2006.

  151 “Where Christians are Persecuted Today,” Christian Freedom International, www.christianfreedom.org/program_detail.aspx?id=77, accessed November 27, 2006.

  152 Hans S. Nichols, “Jacobson Converts Faith Into Action,” Insight Magazine, August 12, 2002.

  153 “Christians Face Uncertain Future in Iraq, Says Christian Freedom International,” U.S. Newswire, August 2, 2004; “Losing the Christian Right?” The Hotline, March 31, 2006; Hans S. Nichols, “Jacobson Converts Faith into Action,” Insight Magazine, August 12, 2002.

  154 “Christian Freedom International Urges Military Action to Protect the World’s Persecuted Christians and Others,” PR Newswire, October 8, 2001.

  155 Christian Freedom International records; David R. Sands, “VOA Director Was Undermined by Doubts; ‘Principled Conservative’ Driven Out,” Washington Times, September 5, 2002; Mark Schapiro and Eric Burnand, “Keeping Faith,” The Nation, January 17, 1987; Walter Pincus, “Army’s Iraq Media Plan Criticized,” Washington Post, October 16, 2003.

  156 June Kronholz, “Big Test: In Michigan, Vouchers Get Money and Savvy and a Broad Coalition—Amway Chief and Wife Give Program Higher Profile, Better Shot at Success,” Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2000.

  157 Ibid.

  158 Transcript, “Remarks by the President Upon Arrival at the South Lawn,” www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010916-2.html, September 16, 2001.

  CHAPTER 3 1 Interview, July 2006.

  2 Ibid.

  3 Ibid.

  4 Author copy, Erik D. Prince military records.

  5 Interview, July 2006.

  6 “Blackwater’s Founder on the Record,” Virginian-Pilot, July 24, 2006.

  7 “Wife of Prince Founder Disappointed by Layoffs,” Holland Sentinel, April 1, 2004.

  8 “Blackwater’s Founder on the Record,” Virginian-Pilot, July 24, 2006.

  9 Blackwater USA Web site, www.blackwaterusa.com/about/, accessed 11/14/2006.

  10 “Blackwater’s Founder on the Record,” Virginian-Pilot, July 24, 2006.

  11 Interview, August 2006.

  12 Dan Briody, The Halliburton Agenda: The Politics of Oil and Money, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004, p. 195-196.

  13 Ibid., p. 184.

  14 Ibid.

  15 Ibid., p. 196.

  16 Interview, July 2006.

  17 Interview, July 2006.

  18 Jon Frank, “Best of the Best Arms Training Site Aims to Lure Gun Enthusiasts, Soldiers,” Virginian-Pilot, September 27, 1998.

  19 “The End of Democracy?” First Things, November 1996.

  20 Ibid.

  21 Ibid.

  22 Ibid.

  23 Charles W. Colson, “Kingdoms in Conflict,” First Things, November 1996.

  24 James C. Dobson, “The End of Democracy? A Discussion Continued,” First Things, January 1997.

  25 “The End of Democracy?” First Things, November 1996.

  26 Freiheit Foundation and Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation records.

  27 Erik D. Prince military records.

  28 Delaware incorporation records.

  29 Jon Frank, “Best of the Best Arms Training Site Aims to Lure Gun Enthusiasts, Soldiers,” Virginian-Pilot, September 27, 1998.

  30 Blackwater USA Web site, captured April 5, 2004.

  31 US Census.

  32 Anna Saita, “Hearing Set on Beach Man’s Plan for Shooting Range in Moyock,” Virginian-Pilot, December 5, 1996.

  33 Ibid.

  34 Anna Saita, “Currituck Rejects Outdoor Firing Range: An Ordinance Change Was Needed to Pave the Way for the Project,” Virginian-Pilot, January 8, 1997.

  35
Ibid.

  36 Ibid.

  37 Ibid.

  38 Ibid.

  39 Jon Frank, “Best of the Best Arms Training Site Aims to Lure Gun Enthusiasts, Soldiers,” Virginian-Pilot, September 27, 1998.

  40 Interview, July 2006.

  41 Interview, July 2006.

  42 www.navstanorva.navy.mil/history.htm, November 14, 2006.

  43 Interview, July 2006.

  44 Ibid.

  45 Jon Frank, “Best of the Best Arms Training Site Aims to Lure Gun Enthusiasts, Soldiers,” Virginian-Pilot, September 27, 1998.

  46 Ibid.

  47 Interview, July 2006.

  48 Steve Waterman, “Blackwater Lodge,” http://williambowles.info/guests/blackwater.html, accessed June 23, 2006.

  49 Ibid.

  50 Kathy Scruggs, “Class Is In for SWAT Teams; North Carolina Facility Provides Realistic Setting to Train Officers for the Latest Type of Domestic Terrorism,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 24, 1999.

  51 Jon Frank, “Training Program Simulates a School Under Assault; Blackwater Lodge in Moyock Is Run by Former SEALs,” Virginian-Pilot, September 23, 1999.

  52 Ibid.

  53 Ibid.

  54 Interview, July 2006.

  55 Kathy Scruggs, “Class Is In for SWAT Teams,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 24, 1999.

  56 Jon Frank, “Training Program Simulates a School Under Assault,” Virginian-Pilot, September 23, 1999.

  57 September 19, 2006 e-mail from General Services Administration spokesman Jon Anderson.

  58 www.gsaadvantage.gov/ref_text/GS07F0149K/GS07F0149K_online.htm; www.gsaelibrary.gsa.gov/ElibMain/ContractorInfo?contractNumber=GS-07F-0149K&contractorName=BLACKWATER+LODGE+AND+TRAINING+CE&executeQuery=YES; accessed November 14, 2006.

  59 Interview, August 2006.

  60 Department of Defense records.

  61 Federal Election Commission records.

  62 September 19, 2006 e-mail.

  63 Ibid.

  64 Ibid.

  65 Interview, July 2006.

  66 Ibid.

  67 FedBizOps Web site, www.fbo.gov/servlet/Documents/R/450249, accessed July 25, 2006.

  68 Adm. Vern Clark testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee, May 3, 2001.

  69 1998 Department of the Navy Posture Statement, chapter 7: “Efficiency: Exploiting the Revolution in Business Affairs.”

  70 Ibid.

  71 Barry Yeoman, “Soldiers of Good Fortune,” Mother Jones, May/June 2003.

  72 Bill Sizemore and Joanne Kimberlin, “Profitable Patriotism,” Virginian-Pilot, July 24, 2006.

  73 Chris Taylor speech at George Washington University Law School, January 28, 2005.

  74 “Defense Contracts,” Defense Daily, September 18, 2002.

  75 Ibid.

  76 Matthew Dolan, “Tough Duty: The Terror Watch; Protecting Their Own,” Virginian-Pilot, December 15, 2002.

  77 Erik Prince on The O’Reilly Factor, September 27, 2001.

  78 Federal Procurement Data System records.

  79 Ibid.

  80 Regent University Web site, www.regent.edu, accessed November 17, 2006.

  81 Interview, August 2006.

  82 Ibid.

  83 Author copy, Delaware Department of State corporation records.

  84 Interviews, August 2006; Robert Young Pelton, Licensed to Kill: Hired Guns in the War on Terror, Crown, New York, 2006, pp. 36-41.

  85 Ibid.

  86 “Former Alex.Brown Exec Becomes CIA’s No. 3 Man,” Associated Press, March 16, 2001.

  87 Anita Raghavan, “Bankers Trust’s Vice Chairman Resigns to Become Counselor to CIA Director,” Wall Street Journal, January 21, 1998.

  88 Evan Thomas, “A James Bond Wanna-be? Buzzy Krongard Plans to Shake Up the Troubled CIA,” Newsweek, May 28, 2001.

  89 Ibid.

  90 Ibid.

  91 Ibid.

  92 Chris Blackhurst, “Mystery of terror ‘insider dealers,’” Independent on Sunday (UK), October 14, 2001.

  93 Evan Thomas, “A James Bond Wanna-be? Buzzy Krongard Plans to Shake Up the Troubled CIA,” Newsweek, May 28, 2001.

  94 David Ignatius, “The CIA as Venture Capitalist,” Washington Post, September 29, 1999.

  95 “It’s Not Going to Be Pretty, CIA Says,” (Hobart) Mercury, October 20, 2001.

  96 Tony Allen-Mills, “Let Bin Laden Stay Free, Says CIA Man,” Sunday Times (UK), January 9, 2005.

  97 Ibid.

  98 Pelton, Licensed to Kill, p. 37.

  99 Interview, August 2006.

  100 Ibid.

  101 Interviews, August 2006; Pelton, Licensed to Kill, pp. 36-41.

  102 Interview, August 2006.

  103 Interviews, August 2006. Pelton, Licensed to Kill, pp. 36-37.

  104 Interview, August 2006.

  105 Ibid.

  106 Ibid.

  107 Pelton, Licensed to Kill, p. 38.

  108 Ibid., pp. 36-41.

  109 Ibid., pp. 38-41.

  110 Ibid.

  111 Ken Silverstein, “Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA,” Harper’s Magazine online, September 12, 2006.

  112 Ibid.

  113 Interview, August 2006.

  114 Barry Yeoman, “Soldiers of Good Fortune,” Mother Jones, May/June 2003.

  CHAPTER 4 1 Anthony Shadid, Night Draws Near: Iraq’s People in the Shadow of America’s War, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 2005, p. 283.

  2 Alfonso Rojo, “The Gulf War: Death Comes to a Town Almost Forgotten by War—Eyewitness,” Guardian (London), February 18, 1991.

  3 Ibid.

  4 David Fairhall, Kathy Evans, and Richard Norton-Taylor, “RAF Admits Bomb Hit Civilian Area—‘50 Die’ as Laser Aimer Fails,” Guardian (London), February 18, 1991.

  5 David White, “Britain Admits Bomb Missed Target and Hit Town,” Financial Times (London), February 18, 1991.

  6 Finlay Marshall, “RAF Regrets Civilian Deaths In Fallouja,” The Press Association Limited, February 18, 1991.

  7 Ibid.

  8 “Pentagon Top Brass ‘Admit Bomb Error,’” Courier-Mail (Queensland, Australia), February 18, 1991.

  9 This is based on the author’s time spent in Fallujah in 2002.

  10 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.

  11 Interview, November 2006.

  12 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.

  13 Charles J. Hanley, “U.S. Troops, Conservative Religion a Fiery Combination in Heartland Town,” Associated Press, May 1, 2003.

  14 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.

  15 Charles J. Hanley, “U.S. Troops, Conservative Religion a Fiery Combination in Heartland Town,” Associated Press, May 1, 2003.

  16 Ibid.

  17 Anthony Shadid, Night Draws Near, p. 233.

  18 Charles J. Hanley, “U.S. Troops, Conservative Religion a Fiery Combination in Heartland Town,” Associated Press, May 1, 2003.

  19 Larry Kaplow, “U.S. Claims Defense in Killing 13, Iraqis Said Just Protesting,” Cox News Service, April 29, 2003. Also: Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.

  20 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003.

 

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