72 Republic of South Africa Prohibition of Mercenary Activities and Prohibition and Regulation of Certain Activities in Areas of Armed Conflict Bill, October 2005.
73 BBC News, “Q&A: Equatorial Guinea ‘Coup Plot,’” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3597450.stm, January 13, 2005.
74 BBC News, “Q&A: Equatorial Guinea ‘Coup Plot,’” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3597450.stm, January 13, 2005; BBC News, “Profile: Simon Mann,” September 10, 2004.
75 Republic of South Africa Prohibition of Mercenary Activities and Prohibition and Regulation of Certain Activities in Areas of Armed Conflict Bill, October 2005.
76 “South Africa Passes Controversial Mercenaries Bill,” Reuters, August 29, 2006.
77 John Reed, “S. African Ban on Mercenaries Could Hit Conflict Zone Workers,” Financial Times, August 30, 2006.
78 Republic of South Africa Prohibition of Mercenary Activities and Prohibition and Regulation of Certain Activities in Areas of Armed Conflict Bill, October 2005.
79 John Reed, “S. African Ban on Mercenaries Could Hit Conflict Zone Workers,” Financial Times, August 30, 2006.
80 Doug Brooks, “New Legislation Will Undermine South Africa’s Security Staff Abroad,” Cape Times, October 5, 2005.
81 “Defence Portfolio Committee Hears: Role of South Africans ‘Critical for World Peace,’” Mercury (South Africa), May 24, 2006.
82 Clare Nullis, “South Africa Assembly OKs Mercenary Bill,” Associated Press, August 29, 2006.
83 Rebecca Ulam Weiner, “Peace Corp.; As the International Community Dithers Over Darfur, Private Military Companies Say They’ve Got What It Takes to Stop the Carnage; If Only Someone Would Hire Them,” Boston Globe, April 23, 2006.
84 Clare Nullis, “South Africa Assembly OKs Mercenary Bill,” Associated Press, August 29, 2006.
85 Ibid.
86 Mark Hemingway, “Warriors for Hire: Blackwater USA and the Rise of Private Military Contractors,” The Weekly Standard, December 18, 2006.
87 Joanne Kimberlin, “Blackwater Eyes Creation of Private ‘Brigade Force,’” Virginian-Pilot, July 28, 2006.
88 Author copy, Central Contractor registration documents for Greystone Limited.
89 Ibid.
90 Ibid.
91 Author copy of guest list.
92 Author copy of brochure.
93 Author copy of invitation.
94 Author copy of video.
95 Nathan Hodge, “Washington Urged to Save Money by Raising Private Military ‘Contractor Brigade,’” Financial Times, February 10, 2005.
96 West 2006 Web site, www.afcea.org/events/west/2006/intro.html, accessed December 7, 2006.
97 Author copy of Erik Prince’s speech at West 2006.
98 Stephen Daggett and Amy Belasco, “Defense Budget for FY2003: Data Summary,” Congressional Research Service, March 29, 2002.
99 P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors, p. 15.
100 Ibid., p. 16.
101 Ian Traynor, “The Privatisation of War,” the Guardian, December 10, 2003.
102 Paul Krugman, “Battlefield of Dreams,” New York Times, May 4, 2004.
103 Bill Sizemore, “The Layered Look: On Multi-level Contracts, Everyone Gets a Cut,” Virginian-Pilot, July 28, 2006.
104 “Rebuilding Iraq,” Government Accountability Office, June 2006.
105 Ibid.
106 Ibid.
107 www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraq_reconstruction_costs.htm.
108 Peter W. Singer, “Peacekeepers, Inc.” Policy Review, June 2003.
109 Gary Stoller, “Homeland security generates multibillion dollar business,” USA Today, September 10, 2006.
110 Cofer Black’s remarks at American Enterprise Institute Conference, “Contractors on the Battlefield: A Briefing on the Future of the Defense Industry,” May 17, 2006.
111 Ibid.
112 Mark Hemingway, “Warriors for Hire: Blackwater USA and the Rise of Private Military Contractors,” The Weekly Standard, December 18, 2006.
113 David Lerman and Stephanie Heinatz, “War in Iraq: For Contractors, War Is a Job, Not an Adventure,” Daily Press (Newport News, Virginia), April 4, 2004.
114 Author copy of Erik Prince’s speech at West 2006.
115 Cofer Black’s remarks at American Enterprise Institute Conference, “Contractors on the Battlefield: A Briefing on the Future of the Defense Industry,” May 17, 2006.
116 Quadrennial Defense Review report, February 6, 2006.
117 Cofer Black’s remarks at American Enterprise Institute Conference, “Contractors on the Battlefield: A Briefing on the Future of the Defense Industry,” May 17, 2006.
118 Quadrennial Defense Review report, February 6, 2006.
119 Mark Hemingway, “Warriors for Hire: Blackwater USA and the Rise of Private Military Contractors,” The Weekly Standard, December 18, 2006.
120 Cofer Black’s remarks at American Enterprise Institute Conference, “Contractors on the Battlefield: A Briefing on the Future of the Defense Industry,” May 17, 2006.
121 Ibid.
EPILOGUE 1 Federal Procurement Data System records.
2 Joanne Kimberlin, “At Blackwater, Time Is Now Told in ‘Before’ and ‘After,’” Virginian-Pilot, October 28, 2007.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 August Cole, “Blackwater Vies for Jobs Beyond Security,” Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2007.
6 Ibid.
7 Paul Richfield, “$15B Narcoterrorism War to be Outsourced,” Army Times, September 14, 2007.
8 Ibid.
9 Solomon Moore, “Disputed in Iraq, Blackwater Now Splits California Town,” New York Times, December 11, 2007.
10 Toby Muse, “U.S. Contractors Get Half of Aid to Colombia,” USA Today, June 15, 2007.
11 John Ross, “Full Spectrum Mercenaries,” CounterPunch.org, November 9, 2007.
12 Solomon Moore, “Disputed in Iraq, Blackwater Now Splits California Town,” New York Times, December 11, 2007.
13 United Nations, “Report of the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of People to Self-Determination,” January 8, 2008.
14 Solomon Moore, “Disputed in Iraq, Blackwater Now Splits California Town,” New York Times, December 11, 2007.
15 Anne Krueger, “Blackwater Pulls Application for Potrero Training Center,” San Diego Union-Tribune, March 7, 2008.
16 August Cole, “Blackwater Vies for Jobs Beyond Security,” Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2007.
17 Teri Weaver, “Tiny Base Assimilates Into Japanese Town,” Stars and Stripes, October 8, 2007.
18 Wendell Minnick, “Blackwater Training Taiwanese,” Defense News, February 12, 2008.
19 “Life-and-Death Repercussions of Blackwater Trashing,” Serviam, January/February 2008 issue.
20 “ARES Systems Group Armor Applique Gets Thumbs Up From Army Aberdeen Test Center,” Market Wire, March 3, 2008.
21 Kris Osborn, “Six Companies Compete for DoD MRAP II Contract,” Navy Times, November 5, 2007.
22 David Macaulay, “Blackwater USA Hires Ford Workers to Build New APC,” Daily Advance, February 20, 2007.
23 Kris Osborn, “Six Companies Compete for DoD MRAP II Contract,” Navy Times, November 5, 2007.
24 David Macaulay, “Blackwater USA Hires Ford Workers to Build New APC,” Daily Advance, February 20, 2007.
25 “Blackwater USA President Outlines Firm’s Future Plans,” Associated Press, July 31, 2007.
26 David Macaulay, “Blackwater USA Hires Ford Workers to Build New APC,” Daily Advance, February 20, 2007.
27 Jon W. Glass, “Off the Ground,” Virginian-Pilot, November 23, 2007.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid.
30 Joanne Kimberlin, “At Blackwater, Time Is Now Told in ‘Before’ and ‘After,’” Virginian-Pilot, October 28, 2007.
31 R.J. Hillhouse, “Exclusive Interview: Blackwater USA’s President Gary Jackson,�
�� TheSpyWhoBilledMe.com, April 26, 2007.
32 Joanne Kimberlin, “At Blackwater, Time Is Now Told in ‘Before’ and ‘After,’” Virginian-Pilot, October 28, 2007.
33 United Nations, “Report of the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of People to Self-Determination,” January 8, 2008.
34 Interview, July 2007.
35 Total Intelligence Solutions Press Release, “Former CIA and Counterterrorism Experts Respond to Security and Intelligence Demands of the Private Sector,” February 20, 2006.
36 www.totalintel.com, accessed March 17, 2008.
37 Interview, July 2007.
38 R.J. Hillhouse, “The ODNI’s Wal-Mart Approach to Intel,” TheSpyWhoBilledMe.com, June 18, 2007.
39 R.J. Hillhouse, “Corporate Content and the President’s Daily Brief,” TheSpyWhoBilledMe. com, July 23, 2007.
40 Ben Hammer, “Blackwater Boss, Former CIA Execs Create New Firm,” Washington Business Journal, March 12, 2007.
41 Richer’s biographical details are drawn from multiple sources, including: Richer’s official Total Intelligence biography; Ken Silverstein, “Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA,” Harper’s online, Washington Babylon column, September 12, 2006; Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007; Ben Van Heuvelen, “The Bush Administration’s Ties to Blackwater,” Salon, October 2, 2007.
42 Prado’s Total Intelligence bio.
43 Ibid.
44 Ken Silverstein, “Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA,” Harper’s online, Washington Babylon column, September 12, 2006.
45 Mark Mazzetti and Scott Shane, “Tape Inquiry: Ex-Spymaster in the Middle,” New York Times, February 20, 2008.
46 Ken Silverstein, “Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA,” Harper’s online, Washington Babylon column, September 12, 2006.
47 Total Intelligence bios.
48 Ibid.
49 Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007.
50 www.totalintel.com/dsp_gfc.php, accessed March 17, 2008.
51 Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007.
52 Ben Hammer, “Blackwater Boss, Former CIA Execs Create New Firm,” Washington Business Journal, March 12, 2007; Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007.
53 Total Intelligence Solutions Press Release, “Former CIA and Counterterrorism Experts Respond to Security and Intelligence Demands of the Private Sector,” February 20, 2006.
54 Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007.
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid.
57 Ken Silverstein, “Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA,” Harper’s online, Washington Babylon column, September 12, 2006.
58 Kudlow & Company, “Ambassador Cofer Black Discusses Investing in Jordan,” CNBC transcript, July 9, 2007.
59 Dana Hedgpeth, “Blackwater’s Owner Has Spies for Hire,” Washington Post, November 3, 2007.
60 Ibid.
61 John McCain speech in Derry, New Hampshire, January 3, 2008.
62 Joanne Kimberlin, “At Blackwater, Time Is Now Told in ‘Before’ and ‘After,’” Virginian-Pilot, October 28, 2007.
63 Peter Grier and Gordon Lubold, “Private Security in Iraq: Whose Rules?” Christian Science Monitor, September 20, 2007.
64 Barrack Obama Press Release, “Obama Statement on Supplemental Bill That Sets a Target Redeployment Date,” April 26, 2007.
65 Erik Leaver, “Iraq Supplemental Analysis,” Institute for Policy Studies, March 14, 2007.
66 Interview, March 2007.
67 Transcript of Gen. David Petraeus’s confirmation hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee, January 24, 2007.
68 Steve Fainaru, “Iraq Contractors Face Growing Parallel War,” Washington Post, June 16, 2007.
69 Interview, March 2007.
70 T. Christian Miller, “Private Contractors Outnumber US Troops in Iraq,” Los Angeles Times, July 4, 2007.
71 Government Accountability Office, “Report to the Committee on Armed Services, US Senate,” March 2008.
72 Jeremy Scahill, “All Cowboys Out Now,” The Nation, November 26, 2007.
73 See Jeremy Scahill, “Bush’s Shadow Army,” The Nation, April 2, 2007.
74 Jeremy Scahill, “All Cowboys Out Now,” The Nation, November 26, 2007.
75 Transcript, hearing on Iraq Private Contractor Oversight, House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, October 2, 2007.
76 Ibid.
77 John H. Broder and David Rohde, “State Department Use of Contractors Leaps in 4 Years,” New York Times, October 24, 2007.
78 Jeremy Scahill, “Obama’s Mercenary Position,” The Nation, March 17, 2008.
79 Hillary Clinton Press Release, “Senator Clinton Cosponsors Legislation to Ban Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan,” February 28, 2008.
80 Joanne Kimberlin, “At Blackwater, Time Is Now Told in ‘Before’ and ‘After,’” Virginian-Pilot, October 28, 2007.
INDEX
Abbass, Usama Fadhil
ABC News
Abdallah, Mohamed
Abdel-Aziz al-Samarrai mosque compound
Abdullah, King of Jordan
Abdul-Mahdi, Adil
Abizaid, John P.
Abortion issue
Abraham, Spencer
Abramoff, Jack
Abramoff lobbying scandal
Abu Ghraib prison scandal
Accountability
and Blackwater
and IPOA code of conduct
War Crimes Act as consideration
See also Immunity from prosecution and litigation
Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty
Aegis Defense Services contract
Aero Contractors
Afghanistan
and CIA
oil pipeline scheme
See also Blackwater sixty61 plane crash
Air America
Air Force, U.S., contract with
Blackwater
Air marshall program
Air Quest Inc.
Al Arabiya
Al Hawza (The Seminary) newspaper
Al Jazeera
Al Qaed (The Leader’s) School, Fallujah, Iraq
Al Qaeda
-backed militias
Cofer Black’s CTC strategy
Albazzaz, Ali Hussamaldeen
Aldridge, Edward C. “Pete,”
Aldulayme, Salam
Alesawi, Talid
Alex Brown Investments
Alexander Strategy Group
Alien Tort Statue
Aliyev, Ilham
Allawi, Ayad
Allawi, Iyad
Allbaugh, Joseph
Allen, George
Allende, Salvador
Allred, Gloria
Ambush tactics
Ameedi, Hana al-
American Enterprise Institute
“American Principles as Potent Weapons” speech (Schmitz)
American Red Cross
Ammunition, blended-metal
Amnesty International
Amway
Anderson, Jon
Anderson, Jon Lee
Anderson, Mike
Andrews, Charlie
Angola
Antimercenary laws
Anti-Pinkerton Act
Anti-Terrorism Assistance (ATA) program
Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army Page 66