by R. V. Jones
Occam’s Razor, 371–2, 523
Odiham airfield, 406–7
Office of Scientific Research and Development (Washington), 379
Officers’ Training Corps (OTC), 5, 58
Official Secrets Act, 47
‘Old Contemptibles’, 12
Operation Heartbreak (Duff Cooper), 217
‘Operation North Pole’, 215
‘Operation Smith’, 124–5
Operational Research Organization, 208–10, 329, 377, 419; (Section) Bomber Command, 388–9, 419
Operation Torch, 256
Osenberg, Professor, 463
Oslo Report, 67–71, 93, 121, 136, 172, 173, 180, 192, 193, 332, 352
Ostermeier, Feldwebel, 163–4
Ouvry, Lieutenant-Commander, 80 Overflakkee (island), 292
Overseas Party, 406, 484–6
Oxford Union Society, 10; ‘refusal to fight’ motion, 10
Oxford University, 8–11; Air Squadron, 39
Oxford University Observatory, 11
‘Panacea targets’, 303
Paraboloid aerials, see Radar
Parachute regiments formed, 249; 1st Airborne Division, 249, 307; 1st Parachute Brigade, 249; at Arnhem, 459
Parry, ‘Ginger’ (née Girdlestone), 196, 330
Paulton, Pilot Officer, 285–6
Pearl Harbour, 233, 482
Peek, Flight Sergeant E. P. H., 343
Peenemünde, 69, 255, 322, 332–48, Pl. 27(a), 430–3, 448, 451, 463, 473; raid on, 346, 373, 378, 454, 530; V-1 trials, 368, Fig. 22, 414, Fig. 27, 418–20; V-1 trials halted, 413; V-2 trials, 435–6, 438, 445, 455
Peierls, Rudolf, 81, 206
Pelly, Air Commodore, Claude, 365, 413, 415, 438
Perkins, John, 90, 144
Perrin, Michael, 309 472, 474, 480, 496
Pezet, Raymond, French secret agent, 354 Philby, Kim, 207, 216, 254–5, 520
Philips Works, 326, 486
Phoney War, 78–91
Photo Reconnaissance (Brookes), 231
Photographic Interpretation Unit, see Medmenham
Photographic reconnaissance, 130, 132, 189–98, 210, 223, 266, 268, 271, 277; developments by Sidney Cotton, 130–1; none of London by Germans, in 1941–1944, 422; of German radio beam stations, 133–4, Pl. 5(a)(b)(c)(d), Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, 189–92, Fig. 6, 201, Fig. 9, Pl. 7, Pl. 8 (a) (b), Pl. 9 (a) (b) (c), 223, 224–7, Pl. 10(a), Pl. 11(a) (b), Pl. 13 (a) (b) (c) (d); of nuclear installations, 478; of V-1 sites, 360–1, 367, 376, 400, 405, 417, 420, 422, 436, 451; of V-2 sites, 431, 432, 435, 451, of Würzburg prior to Bruneval raid, 226, Pl. 11(a)(b), 231, 236, 239
Photographic Reconnaissance Unit, 190–1, 194, 195, 223, 225, 266, 268, 327, 328, 337; Memorial, P1. 14(a)
Photography: forward-facing, 329–30; oblique, 225–6, Pl. 9(C), 329
Pickard, George, 38, 41
Pigeons, use of for information, 279, 305, 507–8; see also Air Ministry Pigeon Service
Piggott, Roy, 488
Pilotless aircraft, see Aircraft
‘Pineapple operation’, investigation of new German beam station, 260–3, Pl. 15
Plan Position Indicator (P.P.I.), 228, 465
Plaskett, H. H., 11
Plendl, Dr. (German beam developer), 129. 165, 173. 180, 274, Pl. 17(C)
Plutonium, 306, 508, 509
Poix, 174
Polish collaboration in rocket intelligence, 430, 432, 443–5
Pollard, P. E., 16
Portal, Sir Charles (later Lord), 101, 109, 167, 182, 218, 237, 271, 294, 296–7, 303, 304, 340, 356, 357, 378, 438, 440, 442, 443, 448, 458, 497, 504–6, 514, 517, 531
Porton, see Chemical Defence Establishment
Post-war planning, 325–6
Poulsson, Lieutenant, 308
Pound, Sir Dudley, 255, 257, 258
Practical joking as quick-thinking exercise, 23–6, 234
Price, Alfred, 40
Priest, D. H., 237, 403
Prince of Wales, 233
Prinz Eugen, 233
Prisoners: British, 218, 221; German, interrogation of, 61, 84, 94, 95, 100, 148, 153, 200, 244–5, 251–2, 499–503
Pritchard, Captain Hesketh, 260–2
Pryor, Bob, 324
Pryor, Matthew, 372, 425, 431
Pye, D. R., 32–3, 39, 41, 75, 77, 108, 144, 162, 180
Quebec Agreement, 474, 477
Queen Elizabeth, 233
Quisling, 114
Radar, 3, 16–18, 35, 39, 74, 84, 198–9, 376, 530; airborne, 41, 128, 145, 155, 179, 219, 268, 274, 280, 391, 531; aircraft detection, see Detection systems; Detector; attacks on German coastal stations for Normandy landing, 400–12, Pl. 23; beginnings of, 69; communications system, 35, 199; confusion by ‘Spoof’, 287–9, 466–8; control of searchlights, see Searchlights; German, 189–204, Fig. 6, 229, see also German systems and stations under individual names; handling of information, 199; H2S, see H2S; infra-red, see Infra-red; interception of enemy planes, 199, 228, see also Nightfighters; Jagdschloss, German ground station, 465, Pl. 29; long-range, 469; Monica, fighter warning device on bombers, 466; nascent stage, 18; paraboloid aerials, 69, 192, 193, 223, 226, 230, see also Würzburg; plotting, 196–8, Fig. 6, 287, 368; SCR584 gun-laying, 427–8; weaknesses, 39, 41; see also radar stations by individual names; Radio beam system
Radar Conference 1955 (German) 235
Radio beacons, 85, 210, 383, 384, see also Knickebein; Wotan; X-beams; Y-beams
Radio beam systems, 29, 84–7, 93–9, 104, 135–45; ‘bending’ of, 87; control for rockets, 452, 502; ‘Elektra Sonne’ (fan system), 259; frequencies, 136–7, 149, 161, 164–5, 175; Lorenz, 94–9, 104, Fig.1, 105, 220, 221; one beam, 120; Jay, 220–2; supersonic modulation, 251–3; see also Knickebein, Wotan, X-Gerät, Y-Gerät, Baedeker beams, Wavelengths
Radio Counter Measures Board, 289, 376
Radio navigation, 3, 93, 210, 217, 220
Radio Research Station (Slough), 16
Radio reception, aircraft disturbances to, 16
Radio Security Service, 488, 489
Radio silence, 466–9
Radio telephony, 219, 265, 280, 294, 300
Radioastronomy, 230, 486, 507, 521
Radlett, 127, 151, 153
Raid Tracking Organization, 466–7
Randall, J. T., 145, 318
Rax Works, Wiener Neustadt, 454
Rays: death, 16, 63–4, 66; engine-stopping, 66, 84, 114
Receivers, 466; blind landing, 94; Gee type in bombers, 217–20; for Jay beams, 220–2; listening, for centimetric waves, 136–7, 320–1; Metox, 321–2; for supersonic reception, 252; for submarines, 491, 502
Rechlin, 69, 95, 165, 173, 348
Red Beret, The (Saunders), 239
Reeves, A. H., 274
Reflectors: spurious, 288, 290–2, see also Window
‘Regenschirm’, Birmingham air raid, 152–3
Regiments, Black Watch, 238; Coldstream Guards, 5–6, 310, 312–13; Cuirassiers, 256; Greenjackets, 310; Grenadier Guards, 4, 90; Gordon Highlanders, 239, 242; King’s Own Scottish Borderers, 238; Parachute Regiment, 249; The Royal Dragoons, 79, 113; Scots Guards, 87; Seaforth Highlanders, 239, 242 Reitsch, Hanna, woman test pilot, 464
Renault, Gilbert (‘Remy’), 236–7
Renwick, Robert, 397, 399
‘Repercussions of H2S on Air-Sea Warfare’ Report (Jones), 320
Repulse, 233
Resistance Movement, 189, 227, 231, 277, 311, 330, 337; Belgian, 266, 269; French, 236, 239, 261, 361, 364–5; see also Agents
‘Rhubarb’, fighter sweeps in Pas de Calais, 243, 401, 408
Richthofen, Erich von, 10
Riedel, Walter, 347
Rilly-la-Montagne, 426
Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe, The (Irving), 302, 386, 391
Rjukan, heavy water plant, Norway, 205, 307–8, 532
Robertson, Dr. H. P., 378–9, Pl. 22(a), 425, 446, 527
Rocard, Professor Yves, French secret agent, 262–3, 317, Pl. 22(b), 496–7; pamphlet o
n ‘Co-ordination’, 496–7
Rockets, 65, 69, 82, 322, 338–48, Fig. 17, Fig. 18, Pl. 19, 430–61, Pl. 26; A4, 350, 367, 370, 431; A9, 463; A10, 463, 532; description of, 342–3; factories, 453n, 454; first recognized from photographs, 340–2, Fig. 18, P1. 19(a); future development, 459–60; liquid fuel, 357–8, 432, 434, 447; long-range, 357, 413, 415, 429; monitoring flight, 336; photography of at Peenemünde, 339–40; radio beam control, 452; radio–controlled glider, 205; radio-controlled FZ21 (Ferngesteuerte Zielflugzeug). 332; remote control, 339; setting position for firing, 446–7, 451; stratospheric, 351, 374; trajectory, 455, Fig. 31a, Fig. 31b; Wasserfall, 431, 464; weight of, 342–3, 440, 445–6, 448, 449–50, 453; X-4, 464; see also V-2
Rommel, Field-Marshal Erwin, 204, 256
Rönneberg, Lieutenant Joachim, 308
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 182, 474, 475, 477
Ross, Captain John, 238, 239
Rostock, bombing of, 279
Rostow, Professor W. W., 450
Roth, Leon Henri, 337–9
Rousseau, Jeannie, see Amniarix
Rowe, A. P., 14, 41, 42, 43, 50, 144, 192, 290, 290n, 292, 318–19, 392, 400
Royal Air Force, 36, 79, 335, 419; Blind Approach Development Unit, 97; No. 80 Wing, 127, 140, 149, 151, 204, 252; No. 100 Group, 468; Staff College, 385–6, 503; Y Service, 92, 99, 300, 336
Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 17, 151, 443, see also Farnborough
Royal Entomological Society, 508
Royal Oak, 69
Royal Patriotic Schools, 200
Royal Radar Establishment, 247
Royal United Services Institution, 70, 523
Rügen island, 254, 342
Rumania, 192–3
Rundstedt, Field-Marshal von, 499
Russia: invasion by Germany, 205; nonaggression pact with Germany, 53; proposal to share nuclear energy secrets, 476, 477
Russian, advance into Poland, 444; deception over British Mission of inspection of Blizna, 441–2; flying bombs scares, 510–12
Russian Trade Delegation, 520
Rutherford, Ernest (1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson), 21, 392, 493, 500
Ryle, Martin, 230, 486, 507, 521
St. Leu d’Esserent, 426, 427
St. Nazaire, raid on, 249
St. Trond, 227, 266
Samuel, E. C., schoolmaster, 5
Sandys, Rt. Hon. Duncan, 334–6, 339–44, 357, 421, 425, 434, 441, 451, 458–9, 498
Saturday at M.I.9 (Neave), 311
Saundby, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Robert H. M., 281–4, 294, 298
Saunders, Sir Arthur, 282, 504
Saunders, Malcolm, 122, 154
Scapa Flow, 69
Scharnhorst, 233, 234, 289
Scheldt Estuary, 270, 280
Schleswig Holstein, 100, 470
Schmid, General ‘Beppo’, 387, 466, 468; postwar interview, 502
Scholven, raid on, 466
Schrödinger, Erwin, 22
Schwagen, Dr., 337–8
Schweinfurt, 382, 385
Schwenke, Engineer-Colonel, 221
‘Science and Air Bombing’ (Lindemann), 13
Scientific Computing Service, 142
Scientific Intelligence, xvii, 71, 73–4, 109, 167, 180, 332, 386, 473, 480, 492, 495–6, 514, 518, 519, 523, 524, 526–8, 532; disparity in, 71
Scott, Private, 242
Scott-Farnie, Flight Lieutenant Rowley (later Group Captain), xix, 87, 95, 99, 100, 104, 135, 151, 155, 181, 300, 388, 439
Searchlights, 79, 184, 224, 264–79, 532; effect of I.F.F., 388–9; infra-red, 255; jamming of 210-11, 388; ‘Main Belt’, 264, 267, Fig. 12, Fig. 14; radar control, 264; around Würzburg, 224, 227–9
Second Tactical Air Force, 419, 503
Secret Intelligence Service: M.I.6, 58, 59, 63, 67, 88, 202, 216, 247, 254, 262, 315, 316, 330, 472, 481, 494–7, 520
Secret Service (German), see Abwehr
Secret weapons, see Weapons
Seeburg Table plotting system, 269, 287, Fig. 24, 395
Seeloewe (‘Sealion’) German operation, 124
Selant, Professor Edward, 427
‘Service Marc’, Belgian espionage, 269, 383–4
S.H.A.E.F., see Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
S.H.A.P.E., see Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers in Europe
Sharp, Sergeant, 239, 241, 242, 248
Shaw, Squadron Leader Courtleigh Nasmith (‘Jane’), 59–60, 379
Shells: anti-aircraft, 68; proximity-fused, 427–8; rocket, 332; stratospheric, 351, 352
Ships, detection of, 16, 254–9, 485
Sicily, 256; British invasion of, 216, 297
‘Sidcot’ flying suit, 130
Sidlice, 430–1
Signals Experimental Establishment, Woolwich, 16
Signals Intelligence Service, 87, 123, 257, 410
Simon, Franz, 22, 27, 28
Sinclair, Admiral ‘Quex’, 67
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 95, 101, 102, 167, 182, 248, 271, 292, 390, 438, 448, 514
Singapore, fall of, 233
Siracourt launching site, 462
Ski sites, see Launching sites
Skinnarland, Einer, 307
Skoda Works, 210, 382
Smith, Air Commodore Harcourt, 243
Smith, Flight Lieutenant Hugh (later Professor), xix, Pl. 6(b), 212, 213, 247, 260, 298–9, 316, 323, 332, 349, 373, 399, 406, 452, 484, 487, 496, 519
‘Smoke screen’ reflections (‘Window’ or ‘Chaff’), 40, 41, see also Window
Smuts, Field-Marshal, 359, 476, 510
Sneum, Lieutenant Thomas, 200–2, Pl. 22(C)
Sodium permanganate, 371
Solberg, Captain (later Admiral), 376 Sommerfeld, Major, 352, 353
Sottevast launching site, 463
Spaatz, General, 281, 377
Special Operations Executive, 260–3, 307, 308, 413, 439, 444, 481, 526
Speer, Albert, 302–3, 304, 438, 483n
Spoof, theory of, 287–9; convoys, 406, 409, 411; force, 466, 467–8; German, 250–1, 320, 410 Stalin, 441
Stanmore (Fighter Command and A.E.A.F. headquarters), 406, 409–10, 411
Station X, see Bletchley Park
Steinhoff, Dr. (Head of Peenemünde Telemetry Department), 347
Stenning, Joan, 61, 330
Stephenson, Captain Maurice, 484, 519
Stewart, Corporal, 242
Stewart, Sir Findlater, 344, 421
Stewart, Peter, xix, 194, 337, 373
Stewart, ‘Pop’, 337, 340, 373
Stonard, W., 22
Strachan, Sergeant Major, 239, 248
Strachey, Oliver, 60, 62
Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany 1939–45 (Official History), 292
Stuttgart, raids on, 392, 468
Sub-committee for Air Defence, see Committee of Imperial Defence
Submarines, 66, see also U-Boats
Suits, Dr. C. G., 376
Supersonic frequency transmission, 251–3 Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (S.H.A.E.F.), 379, 402
Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Powers in Europe (SHAPE), 501
Sweden: A-4 rocket falling on, 431, 434; examination of rocket remains at Farnborough, 443, 449, 452; meteors and flying saucers, 510–12
Swanage, see Telecommunications Research Establishment
Swinton, Lord, 17, 36
Szenassi, Stefan, 322
Szilard, Leo, 22
Szrajer, Flight Lieutenant, 444
Tait, Air Vice-Marshal Victor, 237, 402, 406, 408
Tallboy, see Bombs
Tank, aircraft: bullet-proof, 78; crash-proof, 78
Target 54 (air raid on Richmond), 156–9
Tasker, Sergeant, 242
Taylor, A. J. P., 10
Taylor, G. I., 48
Taylor, Professor Telford, 110
Taylor, Principal Thomas, 516
Technical Intelligence, 74, 147, 431, 457–8, 484, 485, 495, 510, 512, 514, 532
> Tedder, Sir Arthur (later Lord), 401–2, 412, 517
‘Tegal’, Belgian secret agent, 268–9
Telecommunications Research Establishment, 99, 127, 136, 144–5, 191, 217, 229, 236, 237, 247, 265, 274, 318–19, 376, 396
Telephone, practical jokes with, 23–6
Telescopes, radio, 230
Television, airborne equipment, 45
The Double Cross System (Masterman), 214
Their Finest Hour (Churchill), 67, 101, 181
Theory of Numbers, The, 306–7
Thiel, Dr., 346, 347
Third Gruppe, KG26 (III/KG26), 173–4, 176, 383
Thoma, von, German General, 332–3
Thompson, Leon, 314–15, 479
Thomson, Sir George, 206, 450, 515
Thorney Island, 406–9
Thost, Dr. Hans W., 26–7, 52
Three Steps to Victory (Watson–Watt), 233
Tiergarten, Würzburg in, 224–5, Pl. 13(a), 226, 227, 245
Timothy, Lieutenant, 239
Tinsel, code name of jamming system of German ground to nightfighter communication, 295
Tirpitz, sinking of, 469, 520
Tiverton, Viscount, 208
Tizard, Sir Henry, 3, Pl. I (d), 14 passim, 33, 36, 40, 42, 52, 74, 81, 83, 95–7, 101–2, 167, 206–8, 217–19, 294, 303, 331, 345, 379, 475, 505, 514, 525, 531; research University of Berlin, 15; meets Lindemann, 15; Royal Flying Corps, 15; Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 15; Chairman, Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence, 15–16; break in friendship with Lindemann, 16, 41; Scientific Adviser to Air Staff, 101; opposition to Jones’s beam theory at Cabinet meeting, 101, 108–9; resigns appointment, 108–9; Chief Scientific Adviser Ministry of Defence, 481
Tizard Committee, see Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence
Torpedoes, 66; aerial, 65, 345; German, 69, 233; homing, 464
Touch, Gerald, 23–6, Pl. 3 (c), 34, 37, 39, 41, 42
Travis, Commander Edward, 62, 63, 154
Tronstad, Professor Leif, 206, 306, 307
T-Stoff, hydrogenperoxide, 371
Tube Alloys, 309, 472–8
Tuck, Elsie, 51, 81, 82
Tuck, James, 29–31, 51, 80–3
Turing, Alan, 63
Tuttle, Squadron Leader Geoffrey W. (later Air Marshal Sir Geoffrey), 223, Pl. 14(b)
U-Boats, 303, 319; detector, 319, 321; listening receivers, 502; Schnorkel, 464, 508, 509; Walther, 464
Udet, General Ernst, 223
Ultra, xix, 430, 435, 447, 448
Uranium, 473n
U.S. Eighth Army Air Force, 373 377, 378, 382–4, 390, 413, 424, 425