T: Groves.
19
AI: Hashimoto.
B: Sunk (Hashimoto); Abandon Ship! (Newcomb).
20
AI: Tibbets, Lewis, Slusky, Grennan, Caron, Ferebee, van Kirk, Perry, Beser, Sweeney, LeMay.
PP: Perry; Lewis (letters).
21
AI: LeMay, Tibbets, Lewis, Sweeney.
B: The Fall of Japan (Craig); Mission with LeMay (LeMay).
D: USSBS.
22
D: Letter, King to Nimitz; memo, Derry to Groves, February 10, 1945 (unpublished).
T: Groves, Ashworth.
23
AI: Beser, Perry, Duzenbury, Tibbets, King, Lewis.
B: Brighter Than a Thousand Suns (Jungk).
D: Short Narrative History of 509th Group (unpublished); historical report, medical activity 509th Group (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album; History 509th/Twentieth Air Force (unpublished).
M: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, June 1970, April 1975, May 1975.
PP: Beser, Perry.
T: Groves, Ashworth.
24
AI: Shima.
B: The Hiroshima Memoirs.
D: USSBS; Mission Accomplished.
25
B: The Glory and the Dream (Manchester); Brighter Than a Thousand Suns (Jungk); On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy); Now It Can Be Told (Groves); The Great Decision (Amrine); Speaking Frankly (Byrnes).
D: Memo from Patterson to Styer, February 15, 1945 (unpublished); memo from Byrnes to Roosevelt, March 3, 1945 (unpublished); memo from Groves to file, March 3, 1945 (unpublished); memo from Groves to Stimson, March 8, 1945 (unpublished).
M: Harper’s Magazine, February 1947.
PP: Stimson.
T: Groves.
26
AI: Tibbets, Jeppson, Beser, van Kirk, Jernigan, Caron, Perry, Grennan, Lewis, Gackenbach.
D: Short Narrative History of 509th Group (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album; History 509th/Twentieth Air Force (unpublished).
PP: Beser, Lewis.
27
AI: LeMay.
B: The Army Air Forces in World War Two, Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August, 1945 (Craven/Cate); The Fall of Japan (Craig).
28
AI: Arisue, Maruyama, Yokoyama, Kosakai.
B: The Fall of Japan (Craig); Imperial Tragedy (Coffey); The Hiroshima Memoirs.
D: Office of Strategic Services: reports and intelligence data; U.S. Department of Defense: military plans (1941–45) for the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against Japan; USSBS.
29
AI: Tibbets, Jeppson, Slusky, Brode, Ferebee, Lewis, Duzenbury.
C: Alvarez.
30
B: The Glory and the Dream (Manchester); Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow); I Was Roosevelt’s Shadow (Reilly); F.D.R., My Boss (Tully); Thank You, Mr. President (Smith); When F.D.R. Died (Asbell); FDR’s Last Year (Bishop); The Great Decision (Amrine); Speaking Frankly (Byrnes); Year of Decisions (Truman); Plain Speaking (Miller).
N: New York Times, April 13, 1945.
PP: Truman.
31
AI: Tibbets, Lewis, King, Strudwick, Biel, Beser, Gackenbach, Grennan, Perry, Caron, Sweeney, Spitzer, Olivi.
B: We Dropped the A-Bomb (Miller/Spitzer).
D: Letters, quoted by Huie from Bowen and Thornhill, in The Hiroshima Pilot.
PP: Spitzer’s diary.
32
AI: Asada, Arisue, Oya, Yokoyama, Maruyama, Yasuzawa.
B: The Fall of Japan (Craig); Hirohito (Mosley); Japan Subdued (Feis).
D: USSBS.
N: New York Times, August 8, 1976.
PP: Asada.
33
B: Now It Can Be Told (Groves); Brighter Than a Thousand Suns (Jungk); The Great Decision (Amrine); On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy).
D: Memo, Groves to Stimson, April 23, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Groves to file, April 25, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Stimson to Truman, April 25, 1945 (unpublished); letter, Stimson to Truman, April 24, 1945.
34
AI: Hashimoto, Shima, Kosakai.
B: Sunk (Hashimoto); The Hiroshima Memoirs.
D: USSBS.
35
AI: Maruyama, Oya, Yanagita.
B: The Fall of Japan (Craig); Hirohito (Mosley); Japan Subdued (Feis); Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow); Year of Decisions (Truman); The Knights of Bushido (Russell); History of the U.N. War Crimes Commission (H.M.S.O., 1948); Imperial Tragedy (Coffey).
D: Notes for the Interrogation of Prisoners of War, IJA, issued on August 6, 1943; reports from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, May 1946 through November 1948; reports from the United Nations Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes, 1946; USSBS.
36
AI: Tibbets.
D: Report of Target Committee, May 12, 1945 (unpublished).
PP: Beser.
37
AI: Tibbets, Beser.
B: On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy); The Great Decision (Amrine); The Fall of Japan (Craig); Atomic Quest (Compton); A History of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (Hewlett/Anderson); Speaking Frankly (Byrnes); Now It Can Be Told (Groves); A Peril and a Hope (Smith) for full text of the Franck Report; Command Decisions (Morton).
D: Memo, Samford to Chief of Staff, Twentieth Air Force, May 5, 1945 (unpublished); Interim Committee Notes and Minutes, May 1, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 18, May 31, June 1, 1945 (all unpublished); “The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb,” extracted from Command Decisions, published by the Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1971; memo, Groves to Marshall, June 12 (unpublished); Harrison-Bundy Files; Memo, Groves to Secretary of War on Szilard, October 29, 1945 (unpublished); MED TS Files (unpublished).
M: Harper’s Magazine, vol. 194 (no. 1161), February 1947; U.S. News & World Report, vol. 1 (no. 49), August 15, 1960; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 26, June 1970, and vol. 31, February 1975.
T: Groves.
38
AI: Lewis, Duzenbury, Stiborik, Nelson, Caron.
B: No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); The Great Decision (Amrine); The Fall of Japan (Craig); On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy); The Glory and the Dream (Manchester); The Challenge to American Foreign Policy (McCloy).
D: Memo, Chief of Staff, of Olympic invasion plan for Japan (June 1945), and staff study, Coronet invasion plan of same month (both unpublished); Recommended Bombing Program Study, May 1945 (unpublished); “The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb,” extracted from Command Decisions.
PP: Lewis (documents and letters); Caron (notes).
T: Eric Sevareid in conversation with John J. McCloy (“CBS News Special,” July 20, 1975).
39
AI: Yokoyama, Imoto, Oya, Endo, Kosakai, Genda, Miura.
B: The Hiroshima Memoirs.
D: Reports from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, May 1946 through November 1948 in relation to Hata; USSBS.
40
AI: Tibbets, LeMay, Lewis, Caron, Nelson, Duzenbury, Stiborik.
B: Now It Can Be Told (Groves).
D: Preliminary report on operational procedures by D. M. Dennison, May 5, 1945 (unpublished); notes on initial meeting of Target Committee, April 27, 1945 (unpublished); Twentieth Air Force target reports and summaries (unpublished); USAAF target photographs (unpublished).
PP: Lewis (letters); Caron (notes).
ACCELERATION
1
AI: Imai, Saito.
B: The U.S. Marines and Amphibious Warfare (Isley); History of the United States Naval Operations in World War Two (Morison); The Two-Ocean War (Morison).
M: Saturday Evening Post, December 23, 1944.
2
AI: Tibbetts, LeMay.
D: Memos, June 10 and July 21, Kirkpatrick to Groves (both unpublished); CINCPAC analysis of air operations, July 1944 (unpublished); VII AAF Intelligence Summary, No. 43 (
unpublished); USSBS interrogations of Fuchida; Report on N.A.B. Tinian (unpublished).
3
AI: Lewis, Stiborik, Caron, Nelson, Duzenbury, Beser, Gackenbach.
D: Map of Tinian, Sixth Naval Construction Brigade (unpublished); Short Narrative History of the 509th Group (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album.
PP: Lewis (letters); Caron and Nelson (notes).
4
AI: Arisue, Oya.
B: Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow); The Fall of Japan (Craig); No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); Imperial Tragedy (Coffey); Hirohito (Mosley).
5
AI: Perry, Beser, Lewis, Jeppson, van Kirk, Duzenbury, Nelson.
D: Ballad, “Nobody Knows,” Short Narrative History of the 509th Group (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album.
6
AI: Arisue.
B: No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); Fall of Japan (Craig).
7
AI: Tibbets, Ferebee.
B: No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); The Great Decision (Amrine); Now It Can Be Told (Groves); Abandon Ship! (Newcomb).
D: Memo, Parson to Tibbets, July 15, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Parsons and Oppenheimer to Groves, June 29, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Parsons to Tibbets, June 30, 1945 (unpublished).
T: Ashworth.
8
AI: Tibbets.
B: Dawn Over Zero (Laurence); The Glory and the Dream (Manchester); All in Our Time (Wilson); Now It Can Be Told (Groves).
D: Report on Test II at Trinity, 16 July 1945, Warren to Groves (unpublished); memo, Groves to Chief of Staff, July 30, 1945 (unpublished).
M; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: vol. 31, April 1975, “Prelude to Trinity,” vol. 31, May 1975, “A Foul and Awesome Display” (both by Bainbridge); vol. 26, June 1970, “Some Recollections of July 16, 1945” (Groves).
N: New York Times, articles in issues between September 9 and October 9, 1945, by William Laurence.
T: “The Day the Sun Blew Up” (BBC-TV); “The Building of the Bomb” (BBC-TV): Groves.
9
B: Abandon Ship! (Newcomb); History of the United States Naval Operations in World War Two (Morison); Sunk (Hashimoto); No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey).
T: Ashworth.
10
AI: Elsey.
B: Between War and Peace (Feis); Japan Subdued (Feis); Year of Decisions (Truman); Triumph and Tragedy (Churchill); On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy); Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow).
D: Telegrams, Harrison to Stimson and Stimson to Harrison, July 16, 1945; Log of the President’s Trip (unpublished).
N: New York Times, July 18, 1945; Daily Mirror, London, August 2, 1945.
PP: Diaries, Stimson, Truman.
11
AI: Tibbets, Ferebee, Lewis, Caron, Beser, Duzenbury, Nelson, van Kirk, Perry, LeMay, Spitzer, Grennan, Gackenbach, Jernigan, Sweeney.
D: Memos, Kirkpatrick to Groves, June 10 and July 21, 1945 (unpublished).
PP: Spitzer’s diary.
12
AI: Tibbets, LeMay, Ferebee, van Kirk, Lewis, Caron, Beser, Duzenbury.
B: The Hiroshima Pilot (Huie); No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); Seven Hours to Zero (Marx).
D: History of the 509th (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album; report of Combined Intelligence Committee, July 1945.
13
AI: Imai, Grennan.
B: The Hiroshima Pilot (Huie); No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); Seven Hours to Zero (Marx).
14
AI: Imoto, Endo, Oya, Maruyama, Yanagita, Kaizuka, Yokoyama.
D: USSBS Interrogations of Hata (unpublished); reports from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, May 1946 through November 1948, in relation to Hata.
15
B: On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson); Japan Subdued (Feis); Between War and Peace (Feis); Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow); Year of Decisions (Truman); Triumph and Tragedy (Churchill).
D: Memo, Groves to Stimson, July 18, 1945; Log of the President’s Trip (unpublished).
16
AI: Beser.
17
AI: Arisue, Oya.
B: Hirohito (Mosley); The New World (Hewlett/Anderson); Ten Years in Japan (Grew); Imperial Tragedy (Coffey); The Fall of Japan (Craig); Japan Subdued (Feis); Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Butow); On Active Service in Peace and War (Stimson/Bundy).
N: Nippon Times, July 29, 30, and August 1, 1945; Asahi Shimbun, July 28, 1945.
18
AI: Tibbets, Beser, Lewis, Jernigan, Grennan, King, van Kirk, Downey, Duzenbury, Caron, Nelson, Jeppson, Stiborik, Biel, Cheshire, Imai.
B: No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey).
D: History of 509th Group (unpublished); 509th Pictorial Album.
19
AI: Yanagita, Shima, Maruyama, Matsuoka, Kosakai, Hiroto, Yokoyama, Imoto, Endo.
B: The Hiroshima Memoirs; Hirohito (Mosley); The Fall of Japan (Craig).
D: Crew’s Records (unpublished); two Missing Air Crew reports, 866th Bombardment Squadron (H), 494th Bombardment Group (H), July 30, 1945 (unpublished); Reports, CINCAFPAC, September 23, October 9, 18, 1945 (unpublished); mission orders, VII Bomber Command, 494th Bomb Group, Field Order 45–92, July 27, 1945 (unpublished); mission report, 494th Bomb Group (unpublished).
PP: Yokoyama (notes), Hiroto, Matsuoka.
20
AI: Lewis.
D: History of the 509th Group (unpublished).
21
AI: Tibbets, Lewis, LeMay, Sweeney.
B: Now It Can Be Told (Groves); No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); The Hiroshima Pilot (Huie).
D: Memo, Oppenheimer to Parsons, July 23, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Groves to Marshall, July 18, 1945 (unpublished).
22
AI: Hashimoto, Beser.
B: Sunk (Hashimoto); Abandon Ship! (Newcomb); Now It Can Be Told (Groves).
D: Memo, Groves to Chief of Staff, July 30, 1945 (unpublished).
23
AI: Matsuoka, Oya, Kosakai, Yanagita.
B: The Hiroshima Memoirs.
24
B: Now It Can Be Told (Groves).
D: Cable No. 1005, Spaatz to War Department, July 31, 1945 (unpublished); cable No. 10027, Spaatz to War Department, July 31, 1945 (unpublished); cable, Handy to Spaatz, No. 3542, July 31, 1945 (unpublished); memo, Groves to Chief of Staff, July 30, 1945 (unpublished).
25
AI: Beser, Cheshire, Ferebee, van Kirk, Tibbets, Perry, Sweeney, LeMay, Lewis.
B: No High Ground (Knebel/Bailey); Now It Can Be Told (Groves).
C: Lord.
D: Daily intelligence summaries, Twentieth Air Force, Guam, July 1945 (unpublished); Field Order No. 13, Twentieth Air Force (unpublished); Cables, Groves to Farrell and Farrell to Groves, July 30, 1945 (unpublished).
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