Enola Gay

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Enola Gay Page 36

by Gordon Thomas


  Beser, Jacob, 28, 31, 48, 49, 111, 236–37, 240, 281

  during atomic mission, 244, 249–50, 255, 257, 258, 264, 265

  and crews, 67

  description of, 25

  at Los Alamos, 36–38. 40–41. 86–87

  on second strike, 275, 276

  and security guard, 54–55, 77, 81

  and Target Committee, 132–33

  on Tinian, 157–58, 167–68, 181–82, 192–93, 196, 213, 216, 226

  Bethe, Hans, 40

  Blanchard, William “Butch,” 184–86, 206, 219

  Bock, Frederick, 204

  Bock’s Car, 204, 276

  Bohr, Niels, 8

  Bombsight, problems with, 68

  Briefings before atomic mission, 225–29, 236–38

  Britain

  atomic research collaboration with, 91

  representatives from, for atomic mission, 197, 225

  Brode, Robert, 36

  Brugge, Brian, 63

  B-24s, 199–201

  B-29s, 78–80, 96, 131–32

  assignment of, for atomic strike, 227

  crashes of, 158, 167, 241

  new replacements, 103

  pathfinders, 97–98

  stripped of guns, 50, 52

  Superdumbos, 229

  Bubinsky, Joseph, 201, 202, 204

  Buscher, Joseph, 24–25, 217–18, 225, 228, 229

  Bushfield, David, 200

  Byrnes, James F., 91–92, 110, 179, 277

  Calipatria (California), 103, 104

  Cannon, Clarence, 90

  Caron, George “Bob,” 27–28, 29, 46, 49, 139, 147, 281

  during atomic mission, 240, 241–42, 245, 248, 254–55, 257, 258, 262, 263, 264

  on Tinian, 160, 183, 225, 226, 236

  Cartwright, Thomas, 200, 275

  Cheshire, Leonard, 197, 225, 275

  China, 79, 156

  Churchill, Winston, 91

  and the atomic bomb, 191–92

  in Potsdam, 177–78

  CINCPAC, 80

  Clark, Mark, 14

  Classen, Thomas, 24, 25–26, 28, 29, 77, 180, 181, 218, 226, 234

  Code names, 13, 140, 171, 198–99, 207–8

  Compton, Arthur, 134, 135

  “Coronet,” 140

  “Crossroads, the,” 209

  Cuba, 55, 77–78

  the 509th in, 81, 84–85

  Cyanide capsules, 241

  Death ray, 43, 120

  Dehart, “Pappy,” 113

  Doll, Ed, 226, 229, 232, 236

  Doolittle, James, 97

  Dougherty, Dora, 54, 96

  Downey, William, 69–70, 198, 237–38

  Dulles, Allen, 64, 99, 100, 121, 122, 168–69, 190–91

  Dumbos, 229

  Duzenbury, Wyatt, 33, 46, 48–49, 147, 183, 184, 225, 226, 242, 281

  during atomic mission, 247, 258

  preflight check of Enola Gay, 238–39

  Early, Steve, 108

  Eatherly, Claude, 56–57, 67, 77–78, 111, 113–14, 204

  attempt to bomb Imperial palace, 186–87, 188

  description of, 24, 26–27

  mental health of, 57, 197

  since 1945, 280–81

  on Tinian, 183

  as weather scout, 217, 252, 253

  Eatherly, Joe, 280

  866th Bombardment Squadron, 199–202

  Einstein, Albert, 7, 65–66

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 14

  Ellison, Buford, 201

  Enola Gay, 232, 284

  controversy over name, 233

  crew of, 238, 281

  departure of, from Tinian, 239–244

  flight of, 244–51, 254–58, 262, 263–65

  follow up attack of, 275

  return of, to Tinian, 269

  Ent, Uzal G., 11–12, 13, 14

  Falls, Lawrence, 200

  Farrell, Thomas, 175, 207–8, 218, 233, 241, 266, 269

  Ferebee, Thomas, 25, 28, 47–48, 67–68, 102–3, 172, 219–20

  description of, 31–32

  during atomic mission, 244, 255, 256, 257, 258

  since 1945, 281

  skill of, 185

  on Tinian, 179–80, 224–25, 236

  Fermi, Enrico, 8, 40, 134

  First Ordnance Squadron, 87, 94–96, 103, 112, 167, 232, 234

  509th Composite Group, 67

  attempts to break up, 179–80, 184

  celebration for, following mission, 267–68

  in Cuba, 78, 84–85

  hostility toward, 166, 198

  practice missions over Japan, 186–87, 204–5, 208

  reunions of, 281

  security of, 165–66

  on Tinian, 154–57, 165–66, 180–81, 196–97

  in Wendover, 113–14

  Flanagin, Rudolph, 200

  Formosa, 168

  Franck Report, 136

  Fuchida, Mitsuo, 18, 118, 251, 268–69, 282

  Fujii, Shoji, 115

  Full House, 227, 253

  Furman, Robert, 169–70, 175–77

  Fuzing system, tests of, 103–5, 112–13, 230–31

  Gackenbach, Russell, 30, 158, 183

  Genda, Minoru, 17–18, 143, 283

  Germany, surrender of, 128

  Giles, Barney, 13

  Ginga bomber, 120

  Göring, Hermann Wilhelm, 273

  Great Artiste, 204–5, 218, 226, 227, 230, 239, 244, 247, 249, 256, 257, 266, 276

  “Great God K, The,” 8

  Greenglass, David, 40–41

  Grennan, Eugene, 29–30, 183, 253

  Gromyko, Andrei, 123

  Groves, Leslie, 55, 66, 80–81, 86, 90–93, 123, 124–25, 145–46, 218

  and “arming” of bomb, 227, 233–34

  and code names, 171, 198–99

  description of, 15–16, 30–31

  and LeMay, 184

  and “publicity” of Enola Gay’s departure, 239

  and security, 31, 181

  and target selection, 70–72, 92, 134, 136–38, 144, 215

  at test-firing of plutonium bomb, 172–74, 175

  and time schedules, 72, 115, 213

  Guam, 18, 74, 75, 78–79, 81, 126, 209

  “Guillotine, The,” 38

  Handy, Thomas T., 206–7, 215

  Haruna, 199, 200

  Hashimoto, Mochitsura, 33–35, 72–75, 126–27, 208–213, 282

  Hata, Shunroku, 142–43, 162, 188–89, 193, 199, 201, 224, 234–35, 251, 257, 282

  headquarters of, 163–64, 274

  Hirohito, Emperor, 61, 161, 169, 190, 194–95, 277, 278

  Hiroshima, 22, 102, 115–16, 125–26, 186

  air raids on, 100–101, 236, 252

  communications conference in, 235, 251–52, 254

  conditions in, prior to atomic attack, 58–62, 87–88, 189, 223–24, 253–54

  description of, 18–21

  destruction in, following attack, 261–63, 269

  military headquarters in, 142, 143, 163–65

  military police in, 130

  relief for, 274

  as target selection, 132, 136, 137, 143–45, 214–15, 219–20, 225, 227, 253

  today, 283

  Hiroshima Castle, 20, 62, 130, 214, 254, 261–62

  Hiroshima Pilot, The (Huie), 281

  Hirota, Koki, 162

  Hiroto, Kanai, 202, 203

  Honshu, 140

  Hopkins, James, 204–5

  House Committee on Appropriations, 90

  Huie, William Bradford, 280

  I.58, 33–35, 72–75, 127, 209–213

  Imai, Kizo, 151–55, 187–88, 244, 282–83

  Imoto, Kumao, 251, 274

  Imperial Japanese Army, 21

  Imperial Japanese Navy, 33

  Imperial palace, 186, 194–95

  Incendiary bomb raids, 97–98

  Indianapolis, 101, 127, 170, 171, 282

  attack of, 210–13

  choice of, to transport bomb components, 117

  descriptio
n of, 175–77

  Interim Committee, 125, 134–36

  Iwo Jima, 88, 101, 120, 256

  as “pit stop” for atomic mission, 216–17

  rendezvous at, 249

  Jabbit III, 227, 253

  Jacobsson, Per, 64, 168–69, 190–91

  Japan

  army intelligence of, 44–45, 63–64, 99, 163–64

  atomic research in, 42–43

  bombing raids in, 235

  defense plans of, 188

  internal political situation in, 161–62

  invasion plans for, 140–41, 156, 179

  military police of, 129–30

  and peace negotiations, 64, 99–100, 122, 162–63, 168–69, 190–91

  and Potsdam Proclamation, 195–96

  surrender of, 277–78

  war criminals of, 282

  Japan Radio, 126, 129

  Jeppson, Morris R., 167, 225, 229, 233, 236, 281

  on atomic mission, 246, 249, 250, 255, 258

  description of, 103–4

  Johnston, Robert, 200, 202, 203

  Joint Chiefs of Staff, 140, 179

  Kaitens, 72–75, 208–9, 211–12

  Kamikazes, 51–52, 65, 99, 101, 117–18, 143, 251, 281–82

  Katayama, Colonel, 251, 274

  Keitel, Wilhelm, 41, 273

  Kempei Tai, 129–30, 165, 202–4, 214, 253, 274–75

  Kennedy, John F., 283

  “K Factor, The,” 8

  Kido, Marquis Koichi, 161–62

  King, Admiral E. J., 80–81, 87, 179

  King, John, 27, 28, 53, 54

  Kirkpatrick, Camillous, 200

  Kirkpatrick, E. E., 155, 181

  Kobe, 98

  Koiso, Kumaki, 121

  Kokura, 132, 136, 145, 186, 225, 227, 262, 275–76

  Korea, 168

  Kure Harbor, 127, 200

  Kyoto, 71–72, 132, 136–38, 186, 191, 219

  Kyushu, 122, 140, 141, 142–43, 153, 163, 276, 282

  Lansdale, John, 11–13, 26, 36, 37

  Laurence, Bill, 236, 240

  Lawrence, Ernest O., 40, 134

  Leahy, William D., 89, 173, 179

  LeMay, Curtis, 78–80, 97–99, 144–45, 156–57, 180, 206, 207, 283

  and final plans for attack, 219–20, 225, 231

  Lewis, Robert, 32–33, 45–49, 52, 111, 138–40, 147–48, 242–44, 281

  background of, 46–47

  crew of, 67, 139

  log kept by, during atomic mission, 240, 242, 245, 247, 249, 256, 264–65, 281

  practice missions of, 45–46, 103–4, 113, 204–5

  and Sweeney, 112

  and Tibbets, 54, 76–77, 182, 208, 218, 226, 233, 244–45

  on Tinian, 158–61, 236

  Leyte, 209, 210

  Lindbergh, Charles, 46

  Lonesome Lady, 200–201, 202, 204

  Long, John, 201

  Looper, Durden, 200

  Loran beam, 134, 247

  Los Alamos (New Mexico), 7–8, 36–40, 86–87

  choice of as atomic laboratory, 37

  removal of bomb components from, 169–70

  Soviet espionage ring at, 40–41

  Lucky charms used by crew of Enola Gay, 241–42

  MacArthur, Douglas, 80, 207

  McCloy, John J., 140

  McKibben, Dorothy, 36

  McKnight, Charles, 227, 249, 256

  McVay, Charles Butler, III, 176–77, 210, 212, 282

  Malik, Jacob, 162

  Manchuria, 168

  Manhattan Project

  background of, 7–8

  codes used by, 171

  cost of, 8, 90

  political controversy over, 89–93

  security of, 11, 13, 26–27, 29–31, 36, 37, 52, 56–57, 93–95, 105–7, 237

  Target Committee meeting of, 132–34

  Mao Tse-tung, 79, 230

  Mariana Islands, 17, 18, 63, 74, 87, 153, 216

  Marquardt, George, 227, 238, 247, 256

  Marshall, George C., 72, 91, 92, 136, 137, 138, 179, 206

  Maruyama, Kazumasa, 60–62, 101–2, 118, 189, 199, 223–24, 235, 258, 263

  Marvin, Donald, 200

  Matsuoka, Masaru, 214, 223

  “Meetinghouse,” 97–98

  Meiji, Emperor, 195

  Mitsubishi works, 20, 223

  Molnar, Julius, 200, 202, 203

  Molotov, Vyacheslav, 123, 276

  Mount Futaba, 17, 21, 57, 141, 202, 262

  Nagasaki, 191, 215, 225, 227, 252, 279, 281

  atomic attack on, 276

  Nagoya, 98

  Nara, 251

  Nazi war criminals, 273

  Neal, Ralph, 201

  Nelson, Richard, 139, 147, 158–60, 181, 225, 236, 240, 242, 247, 255, 281

  New York Times, The, 174–75, 236, 240, 242

  Niigata, 136, 145, 186

  Nimitz, Chester, 80, 87, 207

  Nolan, James, 169–70, 175–77

  No More Pearl Harbors (Fuchida), 282

  Nuclear research, 7, 91

  in Japan, 42–43

  No. 91, 227, 231, 238, 244, 247, 249, 256, 266

  Office of Strategic Services, 64, 163

  Okamoto, Seigo, 121, 122, 163, 168

  Okayama, 98

  Okinawa, 87, 101, 117, 122, 127, 156, 164, 209

  Olivi, Fred, 113

  “Olympic,” 140

  Omaha (Nebraska), Martin bomber plant at, 131, 138–40

  1027th Air Matériel Squadron, 56

  1395th Military Police Company, 56

  Onishi, Takijiro, 51–52

  Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 8, 37–40, 41, 72, 86, 87, 134–36, 169–70, 173–75, 207

  Oppenheimer, Katherine, 41

  Osaka, 98, 119

  Oya, Kakuzo, 45, 63, 163, 188, 193–94, 235, 251, 257, 262, 282

  Palau Islands, 209

  Parsons, William “Deak,” 11, 13, 38–39, 81, 96, 106–7, 171, 176, 236, 255

  “arming” of bomb in flight, 227, 233–34, 245–46

  at briefings before mission, 225, 227–28

  death of, 281

  at departure of Enola Gay, 239, 241

  on Tinian, 197

  Pathfinders, 97–98

  Patterson, Robert, 90–91

  Payette, Hazen, 26, 180–81, 204, 217, 225, 228

  Pearl Harbor, 7, 18, 65, 282

  Pedersen, Roy, 201, 202

  Penney, William, 197, 225, 275

  Perry, Charles, 27, 53, 55, 69, 77, 165, 181, 198, 218, 234

  celebration plans of, 267–68

  P-47 fighter, 50

  Philippines, 51, 209, 210

  Photography, use of during atomic mission, 231, 265, 269

  Piskor, Walter, 200

  Plutonium bomb, 72, 86, 135, 157, 171

  dropping of, on Nagasaki, 276

  test-firing of, 171, 172–75, 228

  Potsdam, 190–91

  Potsdam Conference, 177–79, 197

  Potsdam Proclamation, 194–96, 218, 277

  Power, Tom, 97–98

  POWs, American, 63, 164–65, 204, 214–15, 223, 253, 254, 262

  fate of, 274–75, 282

  Practice missions, 48–49, 53, 68–69, 103–5, 111–13

  over Japan, 186–87, 204–5

  Prince of Wales, 43, 58

  Proximity fuze, 103, 112, 256

  development of, in Japan, 42–43, 120

  Purnell, William, 176

  Radar, 134

  bombing by, 146, 186

  use of, on atomic mission, 232, 236–37, 250, 255, 256

  Radio Guam, 126

  Ramsey, Norman, 11–12, 13, 16, 36, 86

  Rayburn, Sam, 108

  Repulse, 43, 58

  Rescue operation plans, 229

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 273

  RiGu, Prince, 189, 251, 254, 257, 274

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 109, 111

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 7, 8, 15, 65, 66, 89–90, 91, 106, 168

  death of, 107–9, 111,
121

  and Hiroshima, 22, 100, 102

  Rota, 156, 161, 185

  Russia. See Soviet Union

  Ryan, James Mike, 201

  Sachs, Alexander, 7, 64–66

  St. Lo, 52

  Saipan, 18, 120

  Salton Sea, 16, 48, 67, 103

  Samurai tradition, 21, 51–52, 72

  Sato, Naotake, 276

  Scientists

  at Los Alamos, 8, 36–41

  and second thoughts about use of atomic bomb, 65–67, 136

  and security, 31

  on Tinian, 181

  at Wendover, 55

  Seabees, 156

  Shape of Things to Come, The (Wells), 273

  Shikoku, 249

  Shima, Dr. Kaoru, 87–89, 125–26, 199, 224, 235, 251, 258

  Shima Clinic, 87, 254, 261

  Shimonoseki, 251

  Shimpu, 51, 99

  Shock waves, 41, 48, 49, 263–64

  Shoumatoff, Madame Elizabeth, 108

  Showa, 61

  Shumard, Robert, 139, 147, 160, 225, 226, 236, 240, 242, 247, 255, 281

  Silverplate, 13, 16, 53, 85, 131

  603rd Air Engineering Squadron, 56

  Slotin, Dr. Louis, 87

 

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