by Rosa Brooks
ALSO BY ROSA BROOKS
How Everything Became War and the Military Became Everything: Tales from the Pentagon
PENGUIN PRESS
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Copyright © 2021 by Rosa Brooks
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library of congress cataloging-in-publication data
Names: Brooks, Rosa, author.
Title: Tangled up in blue : policing the American city / Rosa Brooks.
Description: New York: Penguin Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020032022 (print) | LCCN 2020032023 (ebook) | ISBN 9780525557852 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780525557869 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Police—Washington (D.C.) | Law enforcement—Washington (D.C.) | Criminal justice, Administration of—Washington (D.C.)
Classification: LCC HV8148.D55 B76 2021 (print) | LCC HV8148.D55 (ebook) | DDC 363.209753—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032022
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032023
While the author has made every effort to provide accurate telephone numbers, internet addresses, and other contact information at the time of publication, neither the publisher nor the author assumes any responsibility for errors or for changes that occur after publication. Further, the publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party websites or their content.
This book is a work of memoir that chronicles the author’s experience with the DC Metropolitan Police Department. The names and identifying characteristics of most people mentioned in the book have been changed in order to protect their privacy. In some instances, events and time periods have been rearranged and/or compressed in service of the narrative and to protect individual identities. Dialogue was checked against recordings when possible. Where recordings were not available, dialogue has been reconstructed based on the author’s notes and memory.
Cover design: Stephanie Ross
pid_prh_5.6.1_c0_r0
For my mother, Barbara Ehrenreich, whose courage and relentless curiosity never cease to inspire me,
and
For the men and women of the DC Metropolitan Police Department, who do what we ask them to do.
We always did feel the same
We just saw it from a different point of view—
Tangled up in blue.
—Bob Dylan
Contents
part one. Because It Was There
Everyone You Meet
I Don’t Even Live Here
Animals
Not My World
The Abyss
I Am Pleased to Inform You
Dirt in My Eye
part two. The Academy
Model Recruit
The Real Lesson
10-33
What Happens on the Range
You Live with That Forever
Was That Who I Was?
part three. The Street
Sweetheart
Your Tax Dollars at Work
In the Wagon
No Plot
Mothers and Daughters
Officer Friendly
American Carnage
Bad Things Happened
Portraying a Person
Parallel Worlds
Like a Sparrow
The Secret City
Cages
Baked into the System
One Summer Day
Bad Choices
It Can Be Kind of Hard to See Things Clearly
You’ll Get Yours
10-99
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Appendix A: What Happened Next?
Appendix B: Police for Tomorrow
Notes
PART ONE
Because It Was There
Everyone You Meet
Assault with a Dangerous Weapon (knife)—Complainant advised that Suspect came knocking on his door looking for his girlfriend to fight her. Complainant stated that when he did not let Suspect in she pulled out a knife and stated “I’ll cut you.” At which time Suspect cut Complainant on the right side of his chest. Causing a severe laceration. Complainant [was] transported to [the] hospital for treatment. Suspect would not advise [police] what happened she just stated “yall didn’t help me I hate the police.”
—MPD Joint Strategic and Tactical Analysis Command Center, Daily Report
Everyone you meet here would be happy to kill you,” Murphy told me.
His eyes were scanning out the window as he drove, and he was punching keys on the patrol car’s mobile computer with his right hand while he maneuvered the steering wheel with his left. Cop multitasking. “That’s what you have to remember. These people hate you. They would dance around your dead body.”
It was my first night as a patrol officer, and Murphy was showing me the ropes. We were driving down Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue in Washington, DC’s Seventh Police District. Sandwiched between the Anacostia River to the west and the Maryland state line to the east, “7D” is the poorest, saddest, most crime-ridden part of the nation’s capital. Gunshots are a common sound, and 7D regularly produces the lion’s share of DC homicides.
Still. “Everyone? You think even the little old ladies here want to kill me?” I asked.
Murphy gave me a tight smile. “All right, almost everyone. But you have to watch out for some of these old ladies. I’m telling you, people here are different from you and me. You and me, we don’t want to get in trouble or get hurt or go to jail. Like, it would be a big deal to us. These people? They’re so used to it, they just don’t care.”
We drove past a group of men with hoodies drawn up over their heads, hands in pockets. Murphy gave them a long, hard look, but their expressions remained scrupulously blank as our patrol car cruised by.
“See that guy?” Murphy asked, pointing to a gaunt man in a dirty Redskins sweatshirt. “That guy, I must have picked him up five times for one thing or another. You know, stupid shit. He hits his girlfriend. He steals a candy bar from the 7-Eleven. He’s fighting with some other asshole. He’s selling K2 in front of the fucking middle school. Then he gets fucking shot, like, a month ago. I’m first on the scene, he’s lying there bleeding and I’m saying to him, ‘Man, who did this to you? Help me get him.’ And he’s like, ‘Oh, I think it must have just been an accident.’ He’s lying there bleeding, but he wouldn’t fucking tell me anything. He almost died. Now he’s back at the same corner with the same assholes. You want to explain that to me?”
He shook his head. “These fucking people.”
* * *
• • •
In my forties, with two children, a spouse, a dog, a mortgage, and a full-time job as a tenured law professor, I decided to become a cop.
I could give you any number of plausible-sounding reasons for this. I’m an academic with a long-standing interest in law’s troubled relationship with violence and thought that learning about policing firsthand would lead to new scholarly insights. I had just finished writing a book about the changing role of the US military, and believe
d that becoming a police officer would allow me to better understand the blurring lines between war fighting and policing. I was dismayed by the statistics on police shootings and by the racial disparities in the criminal justice system, and wanted the insider experience that would enable me to become a credible and effective advocate for change. I was a onetime anthropology student, and considered participant observation the best way to understand cultures that might otherwise appear alien and incomprehensible.
All these were perfectly worthy and legitimate reasons for embarking on an otherwise unusual experiment, and they make decent retroactive justifications. But I had other, less noble impulses as well. I was restless, and not quite ready to subside into tenured comfort. I wanted something different and challenging, something nothing at all like a faculty meeting. I had probably read too much crime fiction.
* * *
• • •
I wasn’t completely mad. I didn’t quit my day job. Instead, I applied to become a reserve police officer with the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Police Department (MPD).
Many cities have unarmed volunteer auxiliary police, but the District of Columbia is one of the few major US cities in which unpaid reserve officers operate as sworn, armed police officers with full arrest powers. As a reserve police officer in Washington, DC, I would go through the same police academy training as the city’s thirty-eight hundred full-time career officers, take the same oath, wear the same uniform and badge, carry the same gun, and patrol the same streets—but as a volunteer, I would be required to offer the city only twenty-four hours of patrolling each month.
Twenty-four hours a month didn’t seem like much. Nonetheless, no one I knew thought this was a good idea.
“You’re insane,” my husband told me. When I applied to the Metropolitan Police Reserve Corps, Joe was in the process of winding down his own career as a US Army Special Forces officer. After more than two decades in the military, he said he was sure of just two things: he never wanted to wear a uniform again, and he never wanted to have to call anyone “sir” again. My sudden interest in policing, a profession that required both the wearing of uniforms and the acceptance of a paramilitary command structure, struck him as inexplicable.
My mother was similarly unenthusiastic. A writer and left-wing activist best known for her own forays into immersion journalism, her memories of being tear-gassed by police at 1960s anti-war marches remained fresh. “The police are the enemy,” she informed me. “They are not on our side.”
She wasn’t the only one who felt that way. Then as now, police violence was constantly in the news. When I applied to the DC police reserve corps in 2015, students at Georgetown Law, where I taught courses on international law, human rights, and constitutional law, were coming to class wearing T-shirts that read “Stop Police Terror.”
“The police are killing black people,” one of my African American faculty colleagues told me. “I can’t even talk about it right now. I just can’t.”
My father listened as I stumbled through my convoluted justifications, then shook his head.
“Well, you sure do come up with interesting ideas.”
I Don’t Even Live Here
Homicide (gun): MPD received a radio assignment for an unconscious person at [redacted]. Upon officers’ arrival, Victim 1 and Victim 2 were located inside the aforementioned location in an unconscious and unresponsive state suffering from apparent gunshot wounds to their heads. [Medics] responded to the location. Death was apparent and no further action was taken.
—MPD Joint Strategic and Tactical Analysis Command Center, Daily Report
No one tried to kill me during my first patrol shift. For that matter, no one tried to kill anyone that night—at least not on any of my calls. Statistics say that somewhere in the dark streets of the nation’s capital, someone was hurting someone else, but they weren’t doing it in front of me.
Instead, Murphy and I were dispatched to a series of what seemed like fairly minor problems. There were teenage boys standing on the sidewalk, “talking shit” to girls who walked by; Murphy told them to take a hike. They complained: “Aw, shit, man, the fucking po-lice, why you gotta come mess with us for no reason? What the fuck, man!” But eventually, they took a hike.
We responded to a call for a disturbance in an apartment block: an elderly resident, fed up with the smell of marijuana in the communal stairwell, decided to use pepper spray as an air freshener, which did not endear him to his neighbors. Murphy suggested that everyone stay out of the stairwell for a while, and urged the guy with the pepper spray to invest in a can of Febreze instead.
Later, we were sent to keep the peace while an inebriated man with blood all over his shirtfront removed his possessions from the home of his equally inebriated about-to-be-ex-girlfriend, who helped the process along by throwing most of his clothes out the window. Both parties declined to explain or even acknowledge the blood, but every few minutes, the two would lunge at each other, and we would drag them apart, Murphy yanking on the boyfriend’s arm, me yanking on the girlfriend’s arm, hauling them off in opposite directions.
“Come on, come on,” we told them, over and over. “You hit each other, you both end up in jail for the night; it’s not worth it!”
Judging from the cursing and spitting, both thought it might very well be worth it, but we stayed between them, and they had to be satisfied with snarls and the occasional string of insults. Eventually, the disgruntled boyfriend and three trash bags full of his clothing were picked up by a plump young woman in a battered Nissan. After a few valedictory cries of “Fucking skank!” and “I see you again, you be sorry!” the Nissan squealed away, the girlfriend slammed her door on us, and the evening grew peaceful once more.
By my second or third patrol shift, after a few calls for minor disturbances followed by several hours of radio silence, I was feeling relaxed enough to break a taboo.
“It’s really quiet tonight,” I told Murphy.
“Don’t say that!” He was dismayed. “Never say that!”
Sure enough, the radio soon erupted into staticky clamor. “All units, priority, all units . . . Multiple shots fired, Code One.” Code 1 meant “Get there fast.” Murphy had the lights and siren on even before the dispatcher finished giving the address, and we tore down the busy streets. I flinched as we narrowly avoided a head-on collision. We screamed up to the scene along with every other police car in 7D.
By the time Murphy and I jumped out of the car, another officer was already stringing yellow crime scene tape across the road. Unlike us, she seemed to be in no rush.
“So what’s happening?” Murphy asked the officer with the tape.
She gestured casually over her shoulder. “Couple guys with gunshot wounds.”
We ducked under the tape and headed toward the center of the action. A man lay on the street in a spreading pool of blood, an ambulance pulling up alongside him. Another man, his arm bloody, was pacing up and down, muttering angrily; an officer was trying to coax him into letting the medics take a look at him, but he just kept pacing and tossing his head back and forth, as if trying to shake off a bothersome insect. On the sidewalk, a young woman sat with her back against a tree, staring at us blankly. She was covered with blood too.
“Hey,” someone said. It was another patrol officer. “I just talked to the detectives and they want someone to take a witness over to the station. You guys free to help with that?”
The witness, it turned out, was the blood-covered woman, and the blood wasn’t hers; it all belonged to the guy lying in the street.
She seemed shell-shocked as we loaded her gently into the back seat of the scout car. “I don’t even live here, you know?” she kept saying. “Trey and me, we was just hanging out, and suddenly, there’s blood all over. I didn’t hear no gunshots. Just, blood all over, all of a sudden. I don’t even live here.” In the close confines of the car, the faint sme
ll of marijuana wafting off her clothes vied with the iron odor of blood.
Back at 7D, we led our witness into the detectives’ room and sat her down on a bench. Blood still dripped from her pants leg, and Murphy brought her some paper towels. I dug around in my pockets for some disinfectant wipes and offered them to her. She made a feeble effort to clean her legs, but there was too much blood. She needed a washing machine, not a paper towel and some wet wipes. After a few moments she gave up and sat with her eyes closed, her head leaned back against the wall.
“Should I offer her some coffee, or a Coke, or something?” I whispered to Murphy. I wasn’t sure of the protocol for handling witnesses to violent crimes. Was she a victim? A suspect? Both?
“Nah,” he said. “Let the detectives decide.”
The detective, an impatient young white guy with a soft chin and male pattern baldness, showed up a few minutes later, muttering to himself about being pulled away from his other work to deal with the shooting. He didn’t offer the witness anything, either.
“Thanks for bringing her over,” he told us. “We’re short tonight. You wanna watch the interview, feel free; you can watch on the monitor over there.”
He ushered the witness into a small interview room, and Murphy and I settled ourselves in to watch.
The interview didn’t last long.
“Okay,” the detective said, “You’re not a suspect. You understand? I just want to find out what happened, okay, then you can go.”
“I don’t even live here,” the young woman informed him. “Like I said, we was just hanging out, and then there’s blood all over. I don’t have any idea how it happened.”
I nodded. I still thought someone should offer her a soda.
“Bullshit!” declared the detective, slamming his fist down on the table. The witness and I both jumped.
“You know that’s bullshit. You know exactly who did this.”