by Mirta Ojito
6. Sandra Dunn and Silvia Heredia, eds., “For Marcelo,” in Latinas Write/Escriben (Sag Harbor, NY: Herstory Writers Workshop, 2011), 65.
7. Information on Lola Quesada’s life and career comes from an interview in January 2012.
8. Details about Julio Espinoza’s reaction to the murder comes from interview with him, February 1, 2012.
9. Details about what Kaleda was doing when she heard about the murder and how she reacted comes from interview with her, February 1, 2012.
10. Interview with Gilda Ramos, February 1, 2012.
11. Dan Janison, “Spin Cycle: Levy’s Response Walks a Fine Line,” Newsday, November 13, 2008.
12. Steve Levy et al., “Letters,” Newsday, November 14, 2008.
13. Details about Paul Pontieri’s hopes comes from an interview with him, February 27, 2012.
14. “Jack Eddington, Suffolk County Legislator,” uploaded by Long Island Wins, November 12, 2008, and “Luis Valenzuela, Long Island Immigrant Alliance,” uploaded by Long Island Wins, November 13, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/.
15. “Dwight Wolter, the Congregational Church of Patchogue,” uploaded by Long Island Wins, November 13, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/.
16. “Joselo Lucero, Marcelo Lucero’s Brother,” uploaded by Long Island Wins, November 13, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/.
17. Details about Joselo Lucero’s life and his reaction to his brother’s death from Tamara Boch and Angel Canales, unpublished transcript of documentary Running Wild: Hate and Immigration on Long Island, aired on WLIW-TV, November 11, 2009.
18. Herz and Nogueira, Ecuador vs. Peru, 47.
19. Jack Eddington’s life story comes from interviews with him, May 26, 2010–November 12, 2012, and from his unpublished memoir, “Jack in the Box: One Man’s Journey of Self-Discovery.”
20. Details about Jack Eddington’s performance at the meeting comes from “Community Forum at Temple Beth El in Patchogue—Legislator Jack Eddington Speaks,” uploaded by Long Island Wins, December 8, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/.
21. Angela Macropoulos, “In Mourning an Immigrant, a Call for Unity on Long Island,” New York Times, November 16, 2008.
22. Information about the service for Marcelo Lucero comes from interviews with Reverend Wolter, November 7, 2010–November 15, 2012.
23. Details about Joselo Lucero during the service for his brother come from Jennifer Jo Janish, “Where Two Rivers Separate: Hate Crimes against Hispanics and the Immigration Debate on Long Island,” master’s thesis, Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University, 2009.
24. Dwight Lee Wolter, “The Beginning of Justice for Marcelo Lucero,” God’s Politics (blog), Sojourners, http://sojo.net/blogs/2010/07/08/beginning-justice-marcelo-lucero.
25. Keith Herbert et al., “Service Brings Out Strong Emotions,” Newsday, November 16, 2008.
26. Macropoulos, “In Mourning an Immigrant.”
27. Ibid.
28. Jennifer Jo Janish, “Hate,” Guernica, April 1, 2010, http://www.guerni-camag.com/features/1654/hate.
29. Ibid.
CHAPTER 9: A LITTLE PIECE OF HEAVEN
1. All details of the arrival of the body in Gualaceo and funeral come from Bart Jones, “Reports from Ecuador: A Homecoming Marked by Tears,” Newsday, November 20, 2008.
2. Details about the house Marcelo Lucero built come from an interview with his mother, Doña Rosario, in Gualaceo, Ecuador, July 17, 2010.
3. Details regarding the impact of emigration from Gualaceo come from comments made by Father Julio Castillo and Mayor Marco Tapia during separate interviews in Gualaceo, Ecuador, July 18, 2010.
4. Orellana, Patrimonio Cultural de Gualaceo, 15.
5. Bart Jones, “Reports from Ecuador: The Lost Dads of Ecuador,” Newsday, November 18, 2008.
6. Hurtado, Portrait of a Nation, 157.
7. Information about the landslide comes from an interview with Fernando León, publisher of Semanario El Pueblo, December 7, 2012, and “Ecuador Landslide Buries Mining Site, Killing at Least 60,” New York Times, May 11, 1993.
8. Legrain, Immigrants, 69.
9. Mirta Ojito, “People They Left Behind Want Emigrants Back,” Miami Herald, August 1, 2010.
10. Bart Jones, “Reports from Ecuador: A Friend’s Life Cut Short,” Newsday, November 19, 2008.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Bart Jones, “LI Hate Killing: Sorrow for a Son Lost to Violence,” Newsday, November 21, 2008.
14. Ibid.
15. “Kristallnacht,” PBS, n.d., http://www.pbs.org/; interview with Rabbi Joel Levinson, September 13, 2012.
16. All details of the November 19, 2008, meeting come from Molly Altizer-Evans, “Calming Residents’ Safety Fears,” Long Island Advance, November 25, 2008, http://www.longislandadvance.net/.
17. Ibid.
18. Details about the teenagers’ arraignment come from Cara Buckley, “Teenagers’ Violent ‘Sport’ Led to Killing, Officials Say,” New York Times, November 21, 2008.
19. Quotes come from interviews with Bob Conroy, December 6, 2010–January 4, 2013.
20. Sumathi Reddy, “Timeline of Events in the Federal Hate Crime Probe,” Newsday, November 8, 2008, and Andrew Strickler, “Ready to Take the Reins,” Newsday, November 26, 2008.
21. Strickler, “Ready to Take the Reins,” and Gen X Revert, “The Murder of Marcelo Lucero Continues to Shake Things up Here in Suffolk County,” A Long Island Catholic, November 26, 2008, http://revertedxer.blogspot.com/.
22. Strickler, “Ready to Take the Reins.”
23. Lawrence Downes, “A Hate-Crime Circus Comes to Patchogue,” New York Times, December 5, 2008.
24. Interviews conducted with Reverend Wolter, November 7, 2010–November 15, 2012.
25. Buckley, “Teenagers’ Violent ‘Sport’ Led to Killing, Officials Say.”
26. Robin Finn, “A Principal Struggles with the Killing’s Aftermath,” New York Times, November 23, 2008.
27. Girl booed off the stage: Deputized, directed by Susan Hagedorn and Amanda Zinoman (Seedworks Films, 2012).
28. Patrick Whittle, “Patchogue ESL Classes to Remain,” Newsday, December 17, 2008.
29. Michael Sorrentino, “Patchogue Patch,” Patchogue Patch, May 27, 2010, http://patchogue.patch.com/.
30. Elise Pearlman, “Film Based on Lucero Murder to Play LI Film Festival,” Patchogue Patch, July 15, 2010, http://patchogue.patch.com/articles/film-based-on-lucero-murder-to-play-li-film-festival.
31. Michael Sorrentino, “Medford SBU Student Wins Scholarship for Lucero Essay,” Patchogue Patch, September 9, 2010, http://patchogue.patch.com/.
32. Ted Hesson, “Remembering the Marcelo Lucero Killing, Residents Seek to Mend Hearts with Quilting Project,” Long Island Wins, October 7, 2010, http://www.longislandwins.com/.
33. Climate of Fear: Latino Immigrants in Suffolk County, N.Y. (Montgomery, AL: Southern Poverty Law Center), 2009, http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/publications/climate-of-fear-latino-immigrants-in-suffolk-county-ny.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Information comes from a class lecture by Pablo Calle, US representative of the National Secretariat for Migrant Affairs, in the Immigration Reporting Seminar of the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University, March 8, 2011, and from an interview with Jorge W. López, general consul of Ecuador in New York, January 11, 2013.
37. Bart Jones, “There Is a Lot of Pain Here,” Newsday, November 17, 2008.
38. Sumathi Reddy, “Central Islip: Group Plays Tribute to Lucero,” Newsday, October 23, 2009.
39. Laura Rivera and Dave Marcus, “Lucero’s Mother Comes to Face Teens,” Newsday, February 17, 2009.
40. Details about Joselo Lucero’s reaction to his encounter with Levy come from Michael Amon, “Levy Meets Luceros,” Newsday, November 9, 2009.
CHAPTER 10: TRIAL AND PUNISHMENT
1. Information about Megan O’Donnell’s life and her preparation for the trial comes fro
m an interview with her, June 23, 2011.
2. People of the State of New York v. Jeffrey Conroy, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Suffolk No. 3032A-2008, 236A-2009, opening statements (March 18, 2010).
3. “Film Extras: Interview with Suffolk County Assistant District Attorney Megan O’Donnell,” Not in Our Town, http://www.niot.org/.
4. Manny Fernandez, “Teenager Charged in L.I. Hate Crime Plans to Testify,” New York Times, April 8, 2010, and Sheriff GI Compartment, Incident File Report, GIU-Inmate Security Risk Group Assessment, November 10, 2008, author: Steven Lundquist, Suffolk County Sheriff’s Office.
5. “Film Extras.”
6. The charges come from Megan O’Donnell’s opening statement: New York v. Conroy, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Suffolk No. 3032A-2008, 236A-2009, opening statements (March 18, 2010).
7. Information about Keahon comes from Manny Fernandez, “Veracity of the Defendant Is Key in Hate-Killing Trial,” New York Times, April 10, 2010.
8. Ann Givens, “Showman in the Courtroom: Attorney Bill Keahon Is Both a Believer in Every Person’s Right to a Vigorous Defense and Unafraid of Bold Tactics,” Newsday, September 16, 2007.
9. “Film Extras”; Sumathi Reddy, “Fourth Teen Pleads Guilty in Lucero Beating Trial,” Newsday, February 25, 2010.
10. “Hate Crimes Act—Ch. 107, 2000—NY DCJS,” New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, http://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/.
11. Phone interview with Michael Lieberman, director, Civil Rights Policy Planning Center, Anti-Defamation League, February 22, 2013.
12. “Facts for Features: Hispanic Heritage Month 2012: Sept. 1–Oct. 15,” US Census Bureau, August 6, 2012, http://www.census.gov/.
13. “What Motivates Hate Offenders?,” National Institute of Justice, January 9, 2008, http://www.nij.gov/.
14. James Barron, “2 Men Sentenced in Beating Death of Ecuadorean Immigrant in Brooklyn,” New York Times, August 6, 2010.
15. Information about the jurors comes from the author’s e-mail correspondence with Newsday reporter Sumathi Reddy.
16. Sumathi Reddy, “Jurors Picked for Lucero Slay Trial,” Newsday, March 13, 2010.
17. Sumathi Reddy, “Riverhead: Slay-case Jurors Tough to Find,” Newsday, March 5, 2010.
18. Manny Fernandez, “In Jury Selection for Hate Crime, a Struggle to Find Tolerance,” New York Times, March 9, 2010.
19. Information about the jurors comes from the author’s correspondence with Newsday reporter Sumathi Reddy.
20. Fernandez, “In Jury Selection for Hate Crime, a Struggle to Find Tolerance.”
21. Reddy, “Jurors Picked for Lucero Slay Trial.”
22. Manny Fernandez, “Aid for L.I. Attack Victim Took Time, Court Is Told,” New York Times, March 20, 2010.
23. Manny Fernandez, “Ambulance’s Delay May Be Issue in L.I. Hate-Crime Trial,” New York Times, March 18, 2010.
24. Sumathi Reddy and Carl MacGowan, “Cop: Teen Had Knife on Him,” Newsday, March 23, 2010.
25. Manny Fernandez, “Jurors in Suffolk Hate-Crime Trial Are Shown Photo of Defendant’s Swastika Tattoo,” New York Times, March 24, 2010.
26. Quote comes from Angel Loja’s testimony, New York v. Conroy, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Suffolk No. 3032A-2008, 236A-2009, excerpt of trial (March 24, 2010).
27. Kathleen Kerr and Carl MacGowan, “Riverhead: Expert: Lucero’s DNA on Knife,” Newsday, April 1, 2010. And from Stuart Dawson’s testimony, New York v. Conroy, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Suffolk No. 3032A-2008, 236A-2009, excerpt of trial (March 31, 2010).
28. Manny Fernandez, “Blood on Defendant’s Knife Was Victim’s, Scientist Says,” New York Times, April 1, 2010.
29. Manny Fernandez, “Teenager Testifies about Attacking Latinos for Sport,” New York Times, March 29, 2010.
30. Ibid.
31. Ann Givens and Carl MacGowan, “Conroy ‘Upset’ after Conviction,” Newsday, April 21, 2010.
32. Kathleen Kerr, Carl MacGowan, and Bart Jones, “Conroy Testifies He Didn’t Stab Lucero,” Newsday, April 9, 2010.
33. Joye Brown, “A Stunning Twist as Conroy Testifies at Trial,” Newsday, April 8, 2010.
34. Ibid.
35. Manny Fernandez, “Veracity of the Defendant Is Key in Hate-Killing Trial,” New York Times, April 10, 2010.
36. Brown, “A Stunning Twist as Conroy Testifies at Trial.”
37. Kerr, MacGowan, and Jones, “Conroy Testifies He Didn’t Stab Lucero.”
38. Manny Fernandez, “In Testimony, Teenager Charged with Hate Killing Recants His Confession,” New York Times, April 9, 2010.
39. Alfonso A. Castillo, “Suffolk County: Neighbor’s Shocking Find,” Newsday, July 29, 2008.
40. Erik German and Alfonso A. Castillo, “East Patchogue: Slay Suspect Denies Gun,” Newsday, August 5, 2008.
41. Castillo, “Suffolk County: Neighbor’s Shocking Find.”
42. Andrew Smith, “Guilty in Fatal E. Patchogue Shooting,” Newsday, May 18, 2011.
43. Andrew Smith, “25 Years for Manslaughter,” Newsday, September 7, 2011.
44. Manny Fernandez, “Verdict Is Manslaughter in L.I. Hate Crime Trial,” New York Times, April 20, 2010.
45. Kathleen Kerr, Carl MacGowan, and Andrew Strickler, “Historic Words in a Packed Courtroom,” Newsday, April 20, 2010.
46. Givens and MacGowan, “Conroy ‘Upset’ after Conviction.”
47. Carl MacGowan, “Community Reacts to Conroy Verdict,” Newsday, April 19, 2010.
48. Kerr, MacGowan, and Strickler, “Historic Words in a Packed Courtroom.”
49. Sumathi Reddy, “Guilty Verdict in Hate Crime,” Wall Street Journal, April 19, 2010.
50. Fernandez, “Verdict Is Manslaughter in L.I. Hate Crime Trial.”
51. Joye Brown, “In Reaching Verdict, Hate Stood Out,” Newsday, April 20, 2010.
52. Fernandez, “Verdict Is Manslaughter in L.I. Hate Crime Trial.”
EPILOGUE
1. Ian Urbina, “Federal Hate Crime Cases at Highest Level Since ’01,” New York Times, December 18, 2009.
2. Langton and Planty, Hate Crime.
3. Associated Press, “Teen in Bias Killing Hid Knife in Boxer Shorts,” New York Daily News, November 24, 2008.
4. Touré, “Inside the Racist Mind,” Time, May 7, 2012; http://ideas.time.com/2012/04/19/inside-the-racist-mind.
5. Manny Fernandez, “A Hate Crime Killer Denies Being So Hateful,” New York Times, April 30, 2010.
6. Sumathi Reddy, “Patchogue Hate Crime Defendant: ‘I’m Not a Monster,’ ” Newsday, November 1, 2009.
7. Andrew Strickler and James Carbone, “Teen in Lucero Case Talks Briefly,” Newsday, June 12, 2010.
8. Quotes come from a letter from Thomas Shea Sr., March 21, 2012.
9. Luis Almonte as the Administrator of the Estate of Oswaldo Lucero a/k/a Marcelo Lucero v. Jeffrey Conroy, et al., Supreme Court of the State of New York County of Suffolk No. 09–43986, verified complaint, June 25, 2010.
10. Jose Antonio Vargas, “Not Legal Not Leaving,” Time, June 25, 2012; http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2117243,00.html.
11. Marc Hugo Lopez and Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, “Inside the 2012 Latino Electorate,” Pew Research Hispanic Center, June 3, 2013, www.pewhispanic.org/2013/06/03/inside-the-2012-latino-electorate/.
12. Cindy Y. Rodriguez, “Latino Vote Key to Obama’s Re-Election,” CNN.com, November 9, 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/09/politics/latino-vote-key-election.
13. “¡Estimados Republicanos! The GOP’s Immigration and Hispanic Debacles,” editorial, Wall Street Journal, November 9, 2012.
14. Julia Preston, “Latino Leaders Warn Congress on Immigration,” New York Times, December 13, 2012.
15. Julia Preston, “Beside a Path to Citizenship, a New Path on Immigration,” New York Times, April 16, 2013; David Nakamura, “Immigration Bill Filed in Senate; Opponents Hope to Use Delays to Kill I
t,” Washington Post, April 17, 2013.
16. Suzy Khimm, “Obama Is Deporting Immigrants Faster than Bush, Republicans Don’t Think That’s Enough,” Washington Post, August 27, 2012.
17. Suzy Khimm, “Want Tighter Border Security? You’re Already Getting It,” Washington Post, January 29, 2013.
18. Jeffrey Passel, D’Vera Cohn, and Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, “Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less,” Pew Research Hispanic Center, April 23, 2012; http://www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/23/net-migration-from-mexico-falls-to-zero-and-perhaps-less.
19. John Valenti, “Suspects Sought in Robberies of Hispanic Men,” Newsday, May 15, 2013.
20. E-mail to author from Mayor Paul Pontieri, June 22, 2013.
21. US Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, letter addressed to Mr. Steve Levy, Suffolk County Executive, September 13, 2011, Re: Suffolk County Police Department Technical Assistance Letter.
22. Ibid.
23. Will Van Sant et al., “Feds to Suffolk on Hate Crime Probes: Need to Do Better,” Newsday, September 15, 2011.
24. Paul Pontieri, “Pontieri’s Speech from Ecuador Trip,” Patchogue Patch, July 1, 2010, http://patchogue.patch.com/articles/pontieris-speech-from-ecuador-trip.
25. Jo Napolitano, “LI Library Takes Home a National Prize,” Newsday, December 18, 2010.
26. Jennifer Medina, “California Eases Tone as Latinos Make Gains,” New York Times, February 17, 2013.
27. Griselda Nevarez, “Tucson School District Poised to Restore Mexican American Studies,” Arizona Ethnic Studies Network, http://azethnicstudies.com/archives/531.
28. Meredith Hoffman, “Study Finds That Immigrants Are Central to Long Island Economy,” New York Times, October 27, 2011.
29. Ibid.
30. Adam Davidson, “Coming to America: Are Illegal Immigrants Actually Detrimental to the U.S. Economy?” New York Times Magazine, February 17, 2003.
31. Ted Hesson, “Steve Levy Unwittingly Gives $17,500 to Immigrant Rights Groups,” Long Island Wins, February 15, 2012, http://www.longislandwins.com/.