49 “wasted in behalf”: Herbermann 1913 13:427.
50 outpost at San Bernardino: James 1911:285–87; Beattie and Beattie 1939:30–31.
50 captive taking: Coronel 1994:26; Bancroft 1882–90 21:67–68.
50 “Huge tracts”: Coronel 1994:16, 22.
50 Pico exemplified: Salomon 2007:366.
50 “I dedicated myself”: Pico 1973:90.
51 “Pío Pico”: César 1878:2–5.
51 “All that San Luis Rey”: William Hartnell, c1839, Dakin 1949:230.
51 brace of pistols: Pico 1973:92.
51 the former mission estate: Eversole 1986:325–29.
52 “They were the ones”: Lugo 1950:226.
52 “se crió entre los indios”: Rojas 1964:24.
53 “When he walks”: “Wild Life,” Baily’s Magazine of Sports and Pastimes 2 (1861):387.
53 “whatever they could afford”: Lugo 1950:221.
53 “flying like the whirlwind”: Loughead 1896:109.
53 mounted warfare: Rojas 1964:7.
53 hombre real: Alonso 1995:80–81.
53 “The country has”: Robinson to Bryant & Sturgis, 1835.03.14, Ogden 1944b:317.
54 “as one of the wealthiest”: Newmark 1916:66–67.
54 Abel Stearns: Bancroft 1882–90 22:732–33; Wright 1977:4–9; Woolsey 1993:104–5; Barger 254:131–33.
54 cara de caballo: Fedewa 1970:270n.
55 “I firmly believe”: Stearns to Juan Bautista Alvarado, c1840, Fedewa 1970:37–38.
55 Jean Louis Vignes: Bancroft 1882–90 22:762–63; Hittell 1898 3:179–80; Newmark 1916:197; Splitter 1949:115; Jore 1963; Mollno 2008.
55 “With my knowledge”: Davis 1890:170.
55 Indian population of Los Angeles: Eversole 1986:163–67.
57 “the women excelled”: Bell 1930:3.
57 “As soon as”: Mariana Richardson de Torres, n.d., Miller 2004:105; see also Salomon 2010:51.
58 “angry at being treated”: Arnaz 1878:15.
58 “live far more wretched”: Durán to José Figueroa, 1833.07.03, Geary 1934:137.
58 Calle de los Negros: Weaver 1974:26; Gonzalez 1993:43.
58 Public drunkenness: Robinson 1938:158; Guillow 1996:59–61; Street 2004:95–96; Phillips 2010:189.
58 sentenced to forced labor: Phillips 1980:435–39.
59 Ranchería de poblanos: Robinson 1952:15–25; Estrada 2003:48–49; Phillips 2010:185.
59 de jure segregation: Robinson 1938:162–69; Guillow 1996:57–63; Guinn 1899c:211; Torres-Rouff 2006a:102–4.
59 “dirty and filthy”: Los Angeles Ayuntamiento, 1845.01.11, González 1993:202.
59 twenty-five Indians: Faragher 2014.
59 “The sign of Indian murder”: Brent 1926:8; Phillips 1980:440n; ACR 4:1074–82, 7:86–213, 411–36; Star 1855.02.08, 1856.01.11, 1856.10.04, 1856.10.18, 1862.03.29.
60 “abominable monster”: Prudon 1836a:87.
60 Women were victims: Faragher 2014.
60 “He has hit me”: “Sumaria contra Guillermo [Tomás] Urquidez por adulterio,” 1842.01.25, ACR 3:127–67, 690–712; Chavez-García 1999:276–77.
61 “un asunto de su familia”: “Ynformacion sumaria contra Enrique Sepúlveda,” 1835.02.17, ACR 5:754–826.
61 “los linchamientos”: Botello 1878:25.
61 “He was a man”: José de Jesús Pico, c1878, Miller 1998:41.
61 Requena’s report: Bancroft 1882–90 20:431.
61 “scandalous events”: Chico, 1836, Bancroft 1882–90 20:430.
62 beat a quick retreat: Osio 1996:137–39.
62 “free and sovereign state”: José Castro, 1836.11.08, Bancroft 1882–90 20:471.
63 “do what we do”: Rojo 1972:99.
63 “The benignity”: Alvarado, proclamation, 1837.07.09, Bancroft 1882–90 20:529n; Miller 1998:54–55, 60–61.
63 violent criminal complaints: Woolsey 1996:107n; Langum 1987:74; Chavez-García 1998.
63 nine Californios: Faragher 2014.
64 Nicolás Fink: “Causa Criminal contra Acensio Valencia,” 1841.01.19, ACR 2:102–498.
65 Alvarado authorized: Bancroft 1882–90 21:629–30n.
65 “wickedest town in California”: Layne 1934:227.
65 “the noted abode”: Simpson 1847 1:402–04.
65 el pueblo de los diablos: Peña to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, 1839.06.08, Bancroft 1882–90 20:588.
CHAPTER 4
67 fifty extranjeros: Bancroft 1882–90 21:14–18; Hittell 1898 2:275.
67 “We were all crammed”: Camp 1936:126.
68 Mexican law: Hittell 1898 2:100.
68 “malditos extranjeros”: Alvarado, proclamation, 1840.04.26, Robinson 1846:181–82.
68 los rifleros americanos: Nunis 1967:3–18.
68 “a bummer”: Wilson to Savage, 1877.11.30, Churchill 1991:531–32.
69 “transients”: Layne 1936:11.
69 lone star flag: Richter 2006:218.
69 identical banner: Bancroft 1882–90 20:468.
69 “California next!”: Garner and Craig 1970:24.
70 “very cruel outrage”: Forrest to Alvarado, 1842.06.14, Hittell 1898 2:269.
70 “vagabonds”: Alvarado to Forrest, c1842.06.16, Hittell 1898 2:271.
70 “a plump and punchy”: Simpson 1847:349.
70 “lost all judgment”: Juan Espejo, Miller 1998:35.
71 “Outrage”: Philadelphia North American and Daily Advertiser 1840.08.08.
71 “smiled graciously”: Farnham 1844:54, 67, 412–13.
72 Bidwell-Bartleson party: Nunis 1991.
72 “To take the country”: Bidwell to Annie Kennedy, n.d., Bidwell and Kennedy 1973:3.
72 Rowland-Workman party: Spitzzeri 1998.
73 “personal donation:” Rowland 1999:62–63.
73 Barton: Guinn 1902a:424 does not list Barton in the 1842 migration, but includes William Perdue (or Perdew), who reportedly came to California with Barton; Rowland 1999.
73 Barton family: q.v. “Barton,” federal manuscript census, Randolph County, Illinois (1820), and Howard County, Missouri (1830); California State Census, 1852.
73 “Santiago Barton”: Barton-Rowland marriage record, 1845.04.06, MRI 1964.
73 “We are all well here”: Rowland to Manuel Alvarez, 1846.02.28, Rowland 1999:86.
74 “numerous parties”: Vallejo 1875 3:384.
75 “They presented”: Robinson 1846:207.
75 “If I told”: Coronel 1994:23–27.
75 “Without doubt”: Alvarado to Micheltorena, 1842.10.19, Tyler 1843:21–22.
76 “Would that I”: Micheltorena to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, 1842.10.25, Bancroft 1882–90 21:315.
76 “to protect the interests”: Upshur to Jones, 1841.12.10, Tyler 184345–48.
76 “That Texas”: Tuthill 1866:148–49.
76 “war was not only inevitable”: Jones, memorandum, 1842.10.23, Tyler 1843:88–89.
77 “My approach”: Jones 1960:26.
77 “Señor Alvarado”: Osio 1996:208–09.
77 “Although I come”: Jones, “To the Inhabitants of the Two Californias,” 1842.10.19, Tyler 1843:31–32.
78 “I have received”: Jones to Micheltorena, 1842.10.21, Tyler 1843:34.
78 “require that satisfaction”: Micheltorena to Jones, 1842.10.26, Tyler 1843:36.
79 “Does Commodore Jones”: Juan Nepomuceno Almonte to Daniel Webster, 1843.02.07, Tyler 1843:8.
79 “ardent zeal”: John Young Mason to Jones, 1845.03.01, Smith 2000:121.
79 “for beauty”: Jones 1960:14.
79 “la bella”: Fedewa 1970:270n.
79 “the Eden”: Davis 1889:168–69.
79 “preventing it”: Micheltorena, c. 1843, Jackson 1975:259–60.
80 “might rattle”: Hittell 1898 2:325.
80 “Sir, you have aroused”: Alvarado to Micheltorena, 1845.01.06, Bancroft 1882–90 21:490.
82 “Women and children”: Davis 1889:178–79.
82 “uniformly pref
erred”: Farnham 1844:64.
82 “I will give you”: Pío Pico, 1845.02.21, Wilson 1934:99–101.
82 “to unite the Californians”: John Coffin Jones to Larkin, 1845.02.25, Larkin 1951–68 3:49.
83 “The Californians have succeeded”: Larkin to John C. Calhoun, 1845.03.22, Larkin 1951–68 3:80-81.
83 “Californians are now free”: Larkin to Moses Yale Beach, 1845.09.30, Larkin 1951–68 3:371.
83 “There is little to prevent”: Duflot de Moras 1937 2:28, 31.
CHAPTER 5
85 “aside from which”: Sellers 1957:355.
85 “reoccupation of Oregon”: “Democratic Party Platform,” 1844.05.27, APP 1999–2014.
85 “the fulfillment”: O’Sullivan 1845:5–10.
85 “is to extend”: Polk, Inaugural Address, 1845.03.04, APP 1999–2014.
86 “In the clearest”: Bancroft to Frémont, 1886.09.02, Frémont 1890:923.
86 “confidential agent”: Buchanan to Larkin, 1845.10.17, Bancroft 1882–90 21:597–98.
87 “the eventualities of war”: Frémont 1887:422–24.
87 “secret instructions”: Polk 1910:83–84.
87 “the new state of affairs”: Bancroft to Frémont, 1886.09.02, Frémont 1890:923.
87 “I am now going to give”: Hastings to Larkin, 1845.11.09 and 1846.01.22, Larkin 1951–68 4:92, 177.
88 “sane government”: Royce 1886:125.
89 “You and the party”: Castro to Frémont, 1846.03.05, Kelsey 1910:98.
89 “I peremptorily refused”: Frémont 1887:460.
89 “Bandoleros”: Castro, proclamation, 1846.03.08, Nevins 1955:229.
89 “council of war”: Larkin to William A. Leidesdorff, 1846.04.13, Larkin 1951–68 4:284.
90 “We find ourselves”: Revere 1849:25–26, who mistakenly identifies the anti-American speaker as Pío Pico, who was not at the meeting; McKittrick 1944:249–52 identifies Castro as the principal opponent of American acquisition.
90 “We are republicans”: Revere 1849:28–30.
91 “The majority”: Stearns to Larkin, 1846.06.12, Larkin 1951–68 5:19.
91 “vast majority”: Warner to Larkin, 1846.06.16, Larkin 1951–68 5:33.
92 “bold and chivalrous”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1846.04.18, Ames 1938:136–40.
93 “Mexico has passed”: Polk, “Special Message to Congress on Mexican Relations,” 1846.05.11, APP 1999–2014.
93 “humiliated and humbled”: Frémont to Thomas Hart Benton, 1846.07.25, Frémont 1887:545.
93 “A grand opportunity”: Frémont 1887:490, 508.
93 “on their way”: Frémont to American settlers, 1846.06.06, Ide 1880:112–13.
94 “He brought war”: Royce 1886:112.
94 “completely frustrated”: Larkin to Buchanan, 1847.01.14, Larkin 1951–68 5:180–81.
CHAPTER 6
95 attempted to overthrow: Bancroft 1892:40–42.
96 “What can I do”: Phelps 1871:284.
96 “War is preferable”: Larkin to Gillespie, 1846.04.23, Larkin 1951–68 4:340–41.
96 “I have notified you”: Castro to Pío Pico, 1846.06.08, Larkin 1951–68:9–10.
96 “I was convinced”: Pico 1973:133.
96 “A gang”: Pico, “Proclamation to the People of California,” 1846.06.23, Larkin 1951–68 5:69–71.
97 “extraordinary indifference”: Pico to Larkin, 1846.06.29, Larkin 1951–68 5:81–82.
97 “and still keep untarnished”: Larkin to Anthony Ten Eyck, 1846.07.04, Larkin 1951–68 5:102.
97 “We must take the place”: Larkin, memorandum, n.d., Bancroft 1882–90 22:228n.
97 “shameful”: Bancroft to Frémont, 1886.09.03, Nevins 1955:245.
97 “carry it”: Sloat, “Proclamation to the Inhabitants of California,” 1846.07.07, Polk 1847b:499:102–3.
98 “with all the respect”: Sloat to Pío Pico, 1846.07.09, Polk 1849:1013–14.
98 “prevent the sacrifice”: Sloat to Castro, 1846.07.07, Polk 1849:1012.
98 “As he cannot believe”: Castro to Sloat, 1846.07.09, Polk 1849:1012–13.
98 “The history of your country”: Alvarado to Larkin, 1846.07.09, Larkin 1951–68 5:123–24.
99 “California Battalion”: Frémont, 1846.07.05, Bancroft 1882–90 22:179–80n.
99 “are principally backwoodsmen”: Walpole 1850 1:165–66.
100 “I know nothing”: Gillespie, 1848.02.22, “California Claims,” 1848: 512:32.
100 “I acted solely”: Frémont, deposition, 1848.02.28, “California Claims,” 1848: 512:32.
101 “violated every principle”: Stockton, “Address to the People of California,” 1846.07.29, Bancroft 1882–90 22:255–57n.
101 “where Commodore Stockton”: Larkin to Buchanan, 1846.07.29, Larkin 1951–68 5:180–81.
101 “It does not contain”: Sloat to Bancroft, 1846.08.10, Polk 1849:1034.
101 “half way measures”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1846.07.25, Ames 1938:278.
102 “embraced”: Pico 1973:149.
102 “No matter how great”: Pico to Minister of Foreign Relations, 1846.07.13, Pico 1934:109–10.
103 “I will either take”: Stockton, 1847.12.07, Polk 1848a:179.
103 “If you will agree”: Stockton to Castro, 1846.08.07, Bancroft 1849:5.
103 “You offer me”: Castro to Stockton, 1846.08.09, Bancroft 1849:5–6.
103 “If Stockton had sent”: Alvarado 1876 5:242; Miller 1998:123.
103 “I can count on”: Castro to Pío Pico, 1846.08.09, Bancroft 1882–90 22:273–74.
103 “If the Spaniards”: Rojo 1885.
104 “iniquitous invasion”: Castro, “Proclamation to the Inhabitants of California,” 1846.08.09, Pico 1934:117–18.
104 “The best thing”: Coronel 1994:33.
104 “My friends, farewell”: Pico, “Proclamation to the People of California,” 1846.08.10, Pico 1934:122–23.
105 “The United States will come”: Harrison 1953:30.
105 two dozen like-minded: Guinn and Barrows 1889:238; Guinn 1901a:94; Krythe 1951:40.
105 “Receiving so much kindness”: Wilson 1934:77, 102.
106 “Tell him”: Wilson 1934:102.
106 “web-feet regiment”: Phelps 1871:308.
107 “a parade”: Frémont 1887:566.
107 “At first the children”: Phelps 1871:308.
107 “a Territory”: Stockton, proclamation, c1846.08.17, Polk 1847a:672.
107 “That I will not”: Stockton to Gillespie, 1846.08.18, Box 3, Doc. 23A, Gillespie 1845–1860.
108 “I should have someone”: Wilson 1934:104–5.
108 “All is now peaceful”: Stockton to Polk, 1846.08.26, Frémont 1970–84 2:194.
CHAPTER 7
109 “A remarkable fellow”: Bell 1930:116.
110 “the Machiavelli”: Guinn 1901a:50.
110 “Los Mexicanos”: Rojo 1885.
110 “fair fight”: Stockton, 1846.10.05, Californian 1846.10.24.
110 “disgraced the country”: Rico 1877:24.
110 Don Sérbulo’s marriage: Brown-Coronel 2011:43–45; Schuele 2012:147–48.
111 “I swear”: Rojo 1885.
111 “some very good men”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1847.02.16, Ames 1938:324–25.
112 “Every means”: Ibid.
112 “mutiny, drunkenness”: Kurutz 2003:121.
112 handful of hooligans: Coronel 1994:34–36; Lugo 1950:199–200.
112 “Abajo los Americanos”: Guinn and Barrows 1889:75.
112 Barton: Bancroft 1882–90 22:309; Warner 1876:31.
113 “aiding the party”: Kurutz 2003:130.
113 “A las armas”: Coronel 1994:37–38.
113 “that even those”: Rico 1877:26.
113 “Fellow Citizens”: “Pronunciamento de Varela y otros Californios contra los Americanos, 24 de Setiembre, 1846,” Janssens 1878:14–17.
114 “There was not a soul”: Rojo 1885.
114 José María Flores: Layn
e 1935b.
115 “el pedrero de la vieja”: Guinn 1899a:265–66.
116 “I then requested”: Alta California 1858.05.17.
117 “Gillespie’s course”: Wilson 1934:104.
117 “rumor was”: Robidoux to Manuel Alvarez, 1848.05.01, Robidoux 1972.
117 “They are going”: Foster 1877:22.
118 “The majority of them”: Wilson 1934:106.
119 “They would have”: Lugo 1950:205.
119 “most of whom”: José Palomares, 1877, Beattie 1942:146.
119 “Adelante, adelante”: Rojo 1885.
119 “Mueran los Americanos”: Foster 1877:25.
120 “Incendiar la casa”: Rojo 1885.
120 “Don’t shoot”: Wilson 1934:109.
120 “I am your friend”: Ibid.
120 “I told him”: Lugo 1950:204.
121 “There’s some deviltry”: Wilson 1934:109.
121 “Say to him”: Wilson 1934:110–11.
122 “I marched out”: Gillespie to Secretary of the Navy, 1848.07.08, Ames 1938:347.
122 “only long enough”: Treaty of capitulation, 1846.09.29, Box 3, Doc. 90, Gillespie 1845–60
122 “Hoping that my courier”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1847.02.16, Ames 1938:332–34.
CHAPTER 8
125 “our little band”: Stockton, 1846.10.06, Californian 1846.10.24.
125 “wade knee-deep”: Shuck 1870:604.
125 “lawless violence”: Californian 1846.10.17.
126 “nothing to fear”: Mervine to Stockton, 1846.10.25, Driver 1969:34.
126 “for the want of which”: Duvall diary, 1846.10.07, Duvall 1924:116.
127 “Let us give”: Guinn and Barrows 1889:74–75.
127 “quite as much fatigued”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1847.02.16, Ames 1938:337.
127 “the enemy appeared”: Duvall diary, 1846.10.07, Duvall 1924:116–17.
128 “Bejabers”: Parsons 1870:62.
128 “Muchachos”: Rojo 1885.
129 “Shot after shot”: Gillespie to Bancroft, 1847.02.16, Ames 1938:337.
129 “Let’s eat some”: Vega 1877.
129 “Let us content ourselves”: Rojo 1885.
129 “left behind weapons”: Carrillo to José María Flores, 1846.10.08, Doc. 82, Janssens 1878.
130 “We presented”: Duvall diary, 1846.10.09, Duvall 1924:117.
130 “the Battle of Captain”: Bancroft 1882–90 22:320n.
130 “made use”: Mervine to Stockton, 1846.10.09, Driver 1969:346.
131 “very bad defeat”: Stockton to Gillespie, 1847.03.11, Box 4, Doc. 194, Gillespie 1845–60.
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