Cowley, Father (fl. 1775–7), prior of the Benedictine Convent, Paris: 470, 475,476
Cowper, William (1731–1800), poet and letter writer; translated The Iliad into Miltonic blank verse (1791); published Poems in 1782; author of The Task (1785), a 6,000-line poem in blank verse; advocated humane treatment of animals and championed the abolition of slavery movement; suffered from breakdown and attempted suicides: 703 n. a
Cowper, William Cowper, 1st Earl (d. 1723), Lord Chancellor: 526 n. b
Cox, Mr: 942
Coxeter, Thomas (1689–1747), literary scholar and editor; aided Theobald with his 1734 Shakespeare; plan to make a collection of all the English poets who had published a volume of verse heavily influenced The Lives of the Poets (1753) and was discussed by J.B. and S.J. in 1777: 607
Crabbe, George (1754–1832), poet and Church of England clergyman; enjoyed patronage of Edmund Burke; acquaintance of S.J.; contributed lines 15–20 to S.J.’s The Village (1783); author of The Candidate (1780), The Library (1781) and The Borough (1807); noted for pervasive use of the closed heroic couplet: 861
Cradock, Joseph (1742–1826), writer; author of Village Memoirs (1774) and the tragedy Zobeide (1771); possessed a considerable library and a talent for acting: 538, 539
Craggs, James, the elder (1657–1721); politician and government official; private secretary to the Duke of Marlborough; active in the East India Company; Postmaster-General; implicated in the South Sea Bubble; said to have committed suicide; at death his estate was valued at the then prodigious sum of £1, 500,000: 93
Craggs, James, the younger (1686–1721), diplomatist and politician; secretary to the envoy in Spain (1708); member of the Hanover Club in the House of Commons; Secretary of State for the South and Privy Councillor (1718); friends with Pope, who provided verses for his tomb and praised him for a ‘worthy nature’ and ‘disinterested mind’: 93
Craig, James (1740–95), architect: 718
Craig, William, father of the preceding: 718
Crashaw, Richard (1613?–49), poet;fellowofPeterhouse(1635);bestremembered fordevotional poetry and involvementinLaudianCambridge; Roman Catholic: 688 n. a
Craven, Elizabeth, Baroness (1750–1828), dramatist: 530 and n. a
Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658), Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland; effectively the senior official in six parliamentarian heartland counties of East Anglia by 1643; famed for his striking leadership ofthe New Model Army at the battleofNaseby(14June1645);regicide;Lieutenant General and most powerful man in England (1649); led legendary and bloody campaign in Ireland (1649– 50); Lord Protector (1653–8); turned down the crown: 11, 86, 507, 892 and n. a
Crosbie, Andrew (1736–85), lawyer and antiquary; discriminating book collector; founder and first fellow of the Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh; impressed S.J. with his knowledge of alchemy; Nonconformist; intimate friend and distant relation of J.B.: 462, 573
Crouch, Mrs (Anna Maria Phillips) (1763–1805), singer and actress; played Polly Peachum in The Beggar’s Opera at the Royal Theatre, Liverpool (1780); appeared in the Clandestine Marriage at Drury Lane (1784); her singing never created as much impression asher beauty: 887 and n. a
Crousaz, Jean Pierre de (1663–1750), Swiss theologian: 11, 80–81, 91, 834
Crowley, Mary, see Lloyd, Mrs Sampson
Croxall, DrSamuel (d. 1752), author: 617 n. a
Cruikshank, William Cumberland (1745–1800), anatomist; successful teacher; author of The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body (1786); attended S.J. in his final illness; enjoyed the company of literary men but prone to bouts of melancholy: 884, 894, 967, 988, 989 n. a
Cullen, Dr William (1710–90), chemist and physician; professor of medicine at Glasgow University (1751); lecturer at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; at the forefront of the mid-eighteenth-century fascination with the nervous system; fellow of the Royal Society (1777); author of Synopsis nosologiae methodicae (1769): 460, 614, 907–8
Cullen, Robert, Lord Cullen (d. 1810), judge and essayist; eldest son of Dr William Cullen; member of the Mirror Club; judge of the Court of Session (1796); famously good mimic; curator of the Advocates’ Library (1770–75): 342, 590, 638
Cumberland, Richard (1732–1811), playwright and novelist; author of Arundel (1789), a novel, Calvary, or, The Death of Christ (1792), a religious epic in blank verse and The West Indian (1771), directed by Garrick at Drury Lane; portrayed as Sir Fretful Plagiary in Sheridan’s The Critic (1779); supposed friend of S.J.: 541, 768, 799, 940, 979 andn. a, 980
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of (1721–65), son of George II, army officer; knight of the Garter (1730); promoted Major-General (1742); led campaign against the Jacobite rebels at the battle of Culloden (1746); close associate of Fox; chief mourner at George II’s funeral (1760); ultimately vilified as ‘the Butcher’: 462 and n. a
Cumberland and Strathearn, Anne, Duchess of (1743–1808), wife of the above: 379
Cumming, Tom (d. 1774), Quaker, merchant; effectively led military and naval forces against the French in Legibelli (South Barbary); took entire blame for the ensuing bloodshed though apparently not disowned by the Society of Friends: 880
Cuninghame, Lieutenant David, later Sir David Montgomerie-Cuninghame (d. 1814): 879
Cust, Francis Cockayne: 93 n. a, 98 and n. a, n. c
Cuthbert, St (643–87); bishop of the great Benedictine abbey of Lindisfarne; one of the most venerated English saints, who evangelized Northumbria: 502
Cutts, Lady (c.i 679–97): 647
Dacier, Andre (1651–1722), classical scholar: translation of Horace, 558–9
Dacier, Mme (1654–1720), classical scholar: 703
Dalin, Olaf von (1708–63), Swedish historian: 343
Dalrymple, Sir David, see Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord
Dalrymple, Sir John (1726–1810), laywer and historian; protege of the Duke of Argyle; member of the Edinburgh literati; author of Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland (ijji); interesting butminor literary figure: 372, 386, 418
Dalzel, Prof. Andrew (1742–1806), classical scholar and private tutor in the Lauderdale family; professor of Greek at Edinburgh University (1779); helped to found the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783); author of an incomplete history of Edinburgh University, commenced in 1799: 979
Dance, James see Love, James
Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), Florentine poet, statesman, and political thinker, author of the Vita Nuova and the Divina Commedia; the creator of Italian as a literary language: 387, 648 n. a
Dashwood, SirHenry Watkin (1745-1828): 743 n. a
Davies, Mrs (Susanna Yarrow) (c.i 723–1801), wife of the below; actress at Drury Lane; earned a combined annual income of around £500 with her husband from the stage: 208, 254, 889, 967
Davies, Thomas, or ‘Tom’ (i7i2?-85), bookseller and actor; regular performer at Drury Lane with wife Susanna; proprietor of bookstore at 8 Russell Street, Covent Garden, where he first met S.J. (16 May 1763); provided information for J.B.’s Life of Johnson; produced the Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick (1788): 207, 254, 295–6, 308, 370, 423, 444, 446, 448, 538, 539, 580, 645, 658, 758, 889 n. b, 767, 769, 889 n. a, 890, 967, 968
Dawkins, James (1722–57), antiquary and Jacobite sympathizer; undertook serious archaeological tour of Aegean and coast of Asia Minor (1750); met with Frederick the Great in Berlin to promote Jacobite conspiracy (1753): 833
Dean, Revd Richard (j2, j?-j%), essayist and Church of England clergyman; principally noted for AnEssay on the Future Life of Brute Creatures (1767), attacking determinism and predestination: 290
Defoe, Daniel (1660/61–1731), writer and businessman; investments resulted in bankruptcy and imprisonment in Fleet prison by 1692; one of Harley’s agents and opinion sampler; author of various conduct books including The Compleat English Tradesman (1726), pamplets and prognoses including Essay on Projects (1697) and The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702) and, most famously, the novels Robinson Crusoe (1719),
Moll Flanders (1722) and Journal of the Plague Year (1722); admired by S.J., who regarded Crusoe as one of the only three books readers wished were longer: 347 n. a, 667
DeGroot, Isaac (c. 1694–1779), descendant of Grotius: 588, 589
Delany, Dr Patrick (1685?–1768), Church of Ireland dean of Down (1744) and writer; chancellor of Christchurch cathedral in Dublin; published refutation of Lord Orrery’s criticism of Swift (1754), an author with whom he was very friendly; attacked contemporary education in The Present State of Learning (1732); noted educationalist: 658, 784
Democritus (fl. 400 bc), Greek philosopher and writer on mathematics, morals and music: 821 n. a.
Demosthenes (383–322 bc), Athenian statesman and orator: 351, 372, 373, 695, 714
Dempster, George (1732–1818), agriculturalist and politician; MP for twenty-eight years; relatively unallied to party; secretary to the Order of the Thistle (1765); director of the East India Company (1769, 1772); encouraged Richard Arkwright to set up mills in New Lanark, Scotland (1783); best remembered as agricultural improver: 217, 230, 231, 232, 233, 363, 424, 426, 686
Dempster, Miss, George Dempster’s sister: 654, 920
Dennis, John (1657–1734), literary critic; author of Britannia triumphans (1704); achieved modest success as a playwright; early critic of Dryden; critical works included An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Shakespear (1712), The Stage Defended (1726), The Grounds of Criticism in Poetry (1704) and Remarks upon Cato (1713); ridiculed by Pope in The Dunciad (1728) and An Essay on Criticism (1711): 539, 782n.a
Derrick, Samuel (1724–69), author; translated de Bergerac into A Voyage to the Moon (1753); ambivalent acquaintance with S.J. and J.B., the latter describing him as this ‘little blackguard pimping dog’; master of ceremonies at Bath and Tunbridge Wells (1763), a role for which mocked by Smollett as a ‘puny monarch’inHumphry Clinker ($$): $$ 4, 205, 209, 239,240, 724,870, 889 n. a
Desmoulins, Mr, husband of the following, a writing master: 644 n. a, 722, 843
Desmoulins, Mrs (b. 1716): 644, 685, 692, 720, 725, 814, 859, 879, 891, 904, 941 n. b, 998
Desmoulins, John (fl. 1784), son of the preceding: 990
Devaynes, John, George III’s apothecary: 914
Devonshire, Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of (1757–1806), wife of the 5th Duke, political hostess; fashion trend-setter; friends included Richard Brinsley Sheridan, who satirized the Devonshire circle in The School for Scandal; friend of the young Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV; ruined by involvement in publicity for Charles James Fox’s election campaign; forced into exile after affair with Charles Grey (1791): 726, 961
Diamond, Mr, apothecary: 133
Dick, Sir Alexander (1703–85), physician; fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1727); president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1756–63); fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783); correspondent of J.B. and S.J.; J.B. apparently wished to marry his daughter: 574, 575, 590, 875, 906, 907
Dilly, Charles (1739–1807), bookseller brother of Edward; specialist in ‘dissenting’ and ‘American’ literature; practically adopted J.B., who claimed was made to feel ‘like blood relation’; book shop was a ‘kind of Coffee house for authors’ (Benjamin Rush); S.J. his frequent guest; approached to serve as Alderman and sheriff of London: 141, 393, 395, 397, 443, 492, 522, 553, 554, 555, 714, 716, 736, 828, 833, 836, 837, 904
Dilly, Edward (1732–79), bookseller brother of Charles; had a commercial interest in the Public Advertiser and the London Magazine; loyal supporter of John Wilkes; fiercely pro-American; friends included S.J. and Benjamin Franklin; ran book shop at the sign of the Rose and Crown at 22 Poultry, near Mansion House: 393, 443, 522, 553, 554, 555, 579, 580, 589, 677, 678,679, 714,716, 717,734, 737, 819, 822, 829, 837, 904,917, 945
Dilly, John, or ‘Squire’ (1731–1806), brother of the preceding: 828, 830
Diogenes Laertius (c.ad 200–250), philosophical writer and biographer: 769
‘Dives’: 347
Dixie, or Dixey, Sir Wolstan (c.1701–67), patron of Market Bosworth School: 50n. c
Dodd, Dr William (1729–77), Church of England clergyman and forger; compiled The Beauties of Shakespeare (1752); almost solely responsible for the Christian Magazine (1760–67); author of a Commentary of the Bible (1764); delivered the Lady Moyer lectures at St Paul’s Cathedral from 1754; forged bill worth £4, 200 in name of Earl of Chesterfield and received the death penalty; S.J. agreed to help in campaign for pardon: 16, 585, 586, 589, 590, 593, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 605, 612, 613, 658, 669, 675, 878
Dodington, George Bubb, Baron Melcombe (1691–1762), politician: 796 n. a
Dodsley, James (1724–97), bookseller; younger brother of Robert; ran shop at the sign of Tully’s Head in Pall Mall; sold new titles by Goldsmith, Sterne, Walpole and Graves; most popular publication was Burke’s Reflections; did not possess the energy or talent of his brother: 104, in, 503
Dodsley, Robert (1703–64), bookseller and writer; friend and correspondent of Pope; opened shop at Tully’s Head (1735); authored the plays Cleone (1758) and The Toy Shop (1735); brought out the first poems of Akenside, Gray and Shenstone; set up the periodical The Museum (1746); owned shares in the London Magazine and the London Evening-Post; published S.J.’s Vanity of Human Wishes (1749), Irene (1749) and, in collaboration with five other booksellers, Dictionary (1755); compiled and produced Select Collection of Old Plays (12 vols., 1744–5) and A Collection of Poems by Several Hands (6 vols., 1748–58): 12, 72,73, 104,105, 108,113 n. a, 133, 144,149 n. a, 150, 156,158, 171, 175 n. b, 182, 514, 529, 538, 603 n. a, 629, 668, 675, 742, 773, 775, 503, 505 n. b
Dominicetti, Bartholomewde (fl. 1753–65): 310, 311
Donaldson, Alexander (fl. 1750–94), bookseller and printer; used Pope’s head as the sign of his bookshop; young Scots with literary ambition used his shop as a meeting place, including J.B. and Andrew Erskine; second volume of his Collection of Original Poems (1760–62) gave J.B. an outlet for his Juvenilia; assaulted copyright laws in London, to S.J.’s chagrin, by winning case of Donaldson v. Becket (1774); founder of the Edinburgh Advertiser (1764): 231
Dorset, John Frederick Sackville-Germaine, 3rd Duke of (1745–99), cricketer and courtier; supporter of the Rockingham and Shelbourne ministries; Lord Lieutenant of Kent (1769–97); colonel of West Kent militia (1778–99); sworn of the Privy Council, captain of the Yeoman of the Guard, Master of the Horse (1782); changed allegiance to support Pitt (1783); ambassador to France (1783-9); knight of the Garter (1788); founder member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (1787): 1000 n.c
Dossie, Robert (fl. 1758–82), miscellaneous writer: 768
Doughty, William (d. 1782), portrait painter and mezzotint engraver: 415 n. a, 1000 n. c
Douglas, Dr John (1721–1807), bishop of Salisbury (1791); exposed the forgeries of William Lauder in Milton No Plagiary (1750–51); trounced Hutchesonian sect in Apology for the Clergy (1755); assisted S.J. in the detection of the Cock Lane Ghost imposture (1762); canon at St Paul’s (1776); bishop of Carlisle (1787); dean of Windsor (1788); provided information for J.B.’s Life, who proposed him for membership of the Club (1790), to which elected in 1792: 12, 74, 82, 127, 127 n. a, 141, n. a, 192, 216, 228, 252, 294, 295 and n. a, 382 and n. a, 434, 480, 619, 642, 695, 916, 917
Douglas, Sir John, J.B. ‘s cousin: 611
Drake, Sir Francis ($$), circumnavigator: 10, 85, 86, 339
Draper, Somerset (d. 1756), bookseller, J. and R. Tonson’s partner: 542
Drelincourt, Charles (1595–1669), French Protestant divine: 347 n. a
Drogheda, Edward Moore, 5th Earl of (1701–58): 343
Drumgould, or Drumgold, Colonel Jean (1720–81): 475, 476, 478
Drummond, Dr Robert Hay: 566, 730
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden (1585–1649), poet and pamphleteer; acquaintance of Ben Jonson; author of A History of Scotland (pub. 1655); Milton borrowed from his apparently Mannerist poems: 276, 277, 278, 279, 285, 566n.a
Dryden, John
(1631–1700), poet, playwright and critic; Tory and loyal supporter of the Stuarts; established himself in the theatre with the comedy Marriage a-la-mode (staged November 1671, printed 1673), the heroic dramas The Conquest of Granada (staged December 1670-January 1671, printed 1672) and Aureng-Zebe (staged ^November 1675, printed 1676) and the blank verse adaptation of Antony and Cleopatra, All for Love (staged December 1677, printed 1678); Poet Laureate (1668); made an historically significant early foray into criticism with Of Dramatick Poesie (1668); convert to Roman Catholicism (1685-8); turned to adaptation and translation when silenced by the Protestant Glorious Revolution; a hugely varied and wide-ranging writer and the greatest poet of his era: 125, 163, 239, 263, 304, 325, 350, 379, 388, 436,475, 538, 556, 557, 560, 660, 675, 688 n. a, 711, 738 and n. a, 783, 786, 787, 826, 899, 931
Du Bos, Jean Baptiste (1670–1742), critic: 306
DuHalde, Jean Baptiste (1674–1743), Jesuit writer: 11, 79 n. b, 91, 291
Dunbar, Dr James (d. 1798), professor of philosophy, King’s College, Aberdeen: 759
Duncombe, William (1690–1769), writer; author of Junius Brutus (1734); contributed to Dodsley’s A Collection of Poems by Several Hands (1748): 693 and n.a
Dundas, Henry, 1st Viscount Melville (1742–1811), politician; lord advocate (I775); MP for Edinburgh (1790); supporter of North then Rockingham; forged partnership with Pitt; Home Secretary (1791); central in the union of Ireland with Great Britain (1801); had a significant hand in the India Act (1784); Secretary of State for War (1794); first lord of the Admiralty (1804): 145, 638
Dunning, John, 1 st Baron Ashburton (1731–83), barrister and politician; recorder of Bristol (1766–83); Solicitor-General (1768); deeply committed to religious liberty; follower and friend of Shelbourne; closely involved in East Indian affairs; created Baron Ashburton (1782): 252, 345, 591, 654, 795
The Life of Samuel Johnson Page 165