Mazarin, Cardinal (1602–61), first ministerof France after Cardinal de Richelieu’s death in 1642; completed Richelieu’s work of establishing France’s supremacy among the European powers and crippling the opposition to the power of the monarchy at home: 475
Mead, Dr Richard (1673–1754), physician and collector of books and art; according to S.J., someone who ‘lived more in the broad sunshine of life than almost any man’: 11, 92 and n. a, 613, 716
Meeke, RevdJohn (i709?-63), fellow of Pembroke College: 147–8
Mela, Pomponius (fl. ist century ad), Roman geographer: 245
Melanchthon, Philip (1497–1560), German author of the Augsburg Confessio of the Lutheran Church (1530); humanist, reformer, theologian and educator: 23, 314, 584, 586 n. a
Melchisedec: 484 n. a
Melcombe, Baron, see Dodington, George Bubb
Melmoth, William, the younger (1710–99), author and translator; contributed to The World (1753-6) and Dodsley’s Fables (1761); translated Pliny and Cicero: 752, 914 n. a
Melton, Philip (fl. 1777), landlord of Edensor Inn: 635
Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount, see Dundas, Henry
Memis, Dr John (fl. 1775), a litigious physician of Aberdeen: 16, 418, 422, 460, 461 n. a, 570, 573
Menage, Gilles (1613–92), French scholar: 388 andn. b, 708 n. a, 1005 n. a
Mercurius Spur, pseudonym of Cuthbert Shaw (q.v.)
Metcalfe, Philip ($$), MP: 330 n. a, 837, 854
Meursius, Joannes (1579–1639), Dutch scholar: 476
Meynell, Hugo (1727–1808), fox-hunter: 49, 728, 770
Meynell, Miss, see Fitzherbert, Mrs
Michael Angelo (1475–1564), Italian painter: 471, 475
Mickle, William Julius (1736–88), poet and translator; corrector of the Clarendon Press, Oxford (1765–72); author of the neo-Spenserian poem The Concubine (1767); translated Luis de Camoes’s Os Lusiadas as The Lusiad(jj6); assimile Scot who Anglicized his name; correspondent of J.B.: 356, 538, 900, 901, 934
Middlesex, Charles Sackville, Earl of (later 2nd Duke of Dorset) (1711–69): 12, 196
Midgeley, Dr Robert (c.i 655–1723), physician: 873 and n. b
Millar, Andrew (1707–68), bookseller; London agent for the Foulis press in Glasgow from 1741; one of the first Scotsmen ever elected to the Stationers’ Court of Assistants (1763); one of the first booksellers to advance money for unwritten titles, notably S.J.’s Dictionary; friend of Hume and Fielding: 104, 133,156, 157 and n. a, 704
Miller, or Riggs-Miller, Sir John (d. 1798), baronet, MP: 443, 555
Miller, Lady (d. 1781), wife of the above: 443
Milner, Revd Joseph (1744–97), Church of England clergyman and ecclesiastical historian; curate (1768) then vicar (1786) of North Ferriby, Yorkshire; chiefly remembered as the author of The History of the Church of Christ (1794–1809); reviewed Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: 241 n. a
Milton, John (1608–74), poet and polemicist; Secretary for Foreign Tongues (1649); champion of the republic; permanently blind from 1652; rejected the doctrine of the Trinity in favour of a modified Arianism; went into hiding on the Restoration; author of the monumental Paradise Lost (1667), widely regarded as England’s national epic; further poetical success with Paradise Regained (1671) and Samson Agonistes (1617), a closet drama; prose tracts include The History of Britain (1671) and The Ready andEasy Way to Establishing a Free Commonwealth (1660); revolutionized English poetic form by his use of blank verse; General: 12, 20, 21, 65, 82, 126,127 and n. a, 128, 163, 221 n. a, 387 and n. a, 442, 557, 675, 717, 742, 782 n. a, 784–6 and n. b, 799, 804 and n. a, 903, 932, 943, 954; Quotations and allusions: Allegro j6, 243, 557; Paradise Lost 141, 699, 720, 785, 804 n. a, 932, 954; Penseroso 173 n. d; sonnets 903 n. a
Molinos, Miguel de (1626–89), Spanish secular priest: 708 n. a
Monboddo, James Burnett, Lord (1714–99), judge, philosopher and controversialist who hosted J.B. et al.; wrote Of the Origins and Progress of Language (incomplete, 1773–92), ridiculed by S.J.; proto-evolutionary linguistic speculator: 299, 338, 360 n. a, 377, 399, 418 n. a, 464–5, 574, 589, 591, 613, 616–17, 638, 833, 914 andn. b
Monckton, Hon. Mary (afterwards Countess of Cork and Orrery) (1746–1840), bluestocking: 823 and n. b
Monro, Dr Alexander (1733–1817), professor of anatomy and surgery, Edinburgh: 908
Monsey, or Mounsey or Munsey, Dr Messenger (1693–1788), physician to Chelsea Hospital: 295
Montacute, Lords: 854
Montagu, Mrs Elizabeth (1720–1800), author and literary hostess; the ‘queen of the bluestockings’; hosted literary breakfasts that by 1760 had become large evening assemblies or conversation parties; hosted S.J., Reynolds, Horace Walpole, Burke and Garrick; contributed to Lyttelton’s Dialogues of the Dead (1760); hired Robert Adam to improve her estate at Sandleford; great letter writer, correspondents including Hester, wife of Pitt the elder: 305–6 and n. a, 328, 655, 667, 752–3, 758, 799, 804, 915–16
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de (1689–1755), French philosophe and political theorist, whose Esprit des Loix (1748) enjoyed a Europe-wide reputation: 681 n. a
Montgomerie, Margaret, J.B.’s wife, see Boswell, Margaret
Montgomerie-Cuninghame, Sir David, see Cuninghame, Lieutenant David
Montrose, James Graham, 3rd Duke of, see Graham, James Graham, 6th Marquis of
Montrose, William Graham, 2nd Duke of (1712–90), soldier and landowner; father of James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose: 653 n. b, 823 and n. b
Monville, Mr (fl. 1775): 470
Moody, John (1727?-! 812), actor and singer; rose to fame at Drury Lane in roles such as Teague in Howard’s The Committee and Captain O’Cutter in Colman’s The Jealous Wife (both 1760–61); Churchill devotes ten lines to him in The Rosciad; chairman of the Drury Lane Actors’ Fund (1805): 444–6
Moor, Dr James (1712–79), classical scholar; translated Marcus Aurelius in collaboration with Hutcheson (1742); professor of Greek at Glasgow University (1747–74); founding member of the Glasgow Literary Society (1752); author of the Greek grammar Elementa linguae Graecae (ij66); welcomed J.B. at the university in 1771: 538 n. c
Moore, Edward (1712–57), playwright and writer; author of Fables for the Female Sex (1744), The Foundling: A Comedy (1748) and The Gamester (1753), a domestic tragedy popular until the middle of the nineteenth century; editor of the periodical The World (1753–6); minor, mainly derivative writer: 113 n. a, 753
More, Dr Henry (1614–87), philanthropist, poet and theologian; most prolific of the Cambridge Platonists; author of An Antidote Against Atheisme (1653), in opposition to Hobbes, An Explanation of the Grand Mystery of Godliness (1660), Divine Dialogues(1668) andEnchiridion metaphysicum (1671); fellow of the Royal Society (1664): 346
More, Hannah (1745–1833), writer and philanthropist; first met S.J. c.1773/4 and entered into the London literary scene; author of Sir Eldred of the Bower (1776), the novel Coelebs in Search of a Wife (1809) and Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education (2 vols., 1799); her play Percy (1777) produced by Garrick; S.J. a literary admirer; campaigned for the abolition of slavery and reform of manners; administrated a dozen charity schools: 662, 816, 818, 823, 915, 932
More, Sir Thomas (1478–1535), Lord Chancellor (1529–32), humanist and martyr; King’s councillor (1518); author of Utopia (1516) and Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529); sole royal secretary (1522–6); high steward of Oxford University (1524); polemicist; executed for refusal to reject papal jurisdiction after Henry VIII’s divorce (1535); canonized by Pope Pius XI (1935): 159, 475
Morgagni, Giovanni Battista (1682–1771), professor of anatomy at Padua: 291
Morgann, Maurice (1726–1802), colonial administrator and literary scholar; official adviser to Shelburne (1763); under-secretary to Shelburne (1766); Privy Council’s agent to Quebec (1767); author of An Essay on the Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff (1777), on the subject of which he quarrelled with S.J.: 869–70
Morin, Dr Louis (1635?–1715), French physician and botanist: 11, 86
Morris, Corbyn (1710–79), customs administrator and economist; Secretaryofthe Customs and Salt Duty in Scotland (1751); appointed to the English Board of Customs (1763); Newcastle and Pelham his patrons: 821 n. a
Morris, Miss (fl. 1748), daughter of Valentine Morris (d. 1789), governor of St Vincent: 998
Moser, George Michael (1704–83), chaser and enameller; the finest gold-chaser of his generation; named as a directorinthe Charter of Incorporation of the Society of Artists (1765); keeper of the Royal Academy (1768); designed the great seal of George III, in use from 1764 to1784: 398, 887, 1038n. 395
Moses: 340, 341
Moss, Dr: 804
Motteux, Mr (fl. 1775): 476
Mounsey, Dr Messenger, see Monsey, Dr Messenger
Mountstuart, John Stuart, Viscount, later 4th Earl and 1st MarquisofBute(1744– 1814), diplomatist; eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Bute; supported ministries after Rockingham’s;LordLieutenantofGlamorgan(1772–93);Sworn to Privy Council (1779); auditor of the imprest (1781); ambassador to Spain (1795–6); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1776): 274, 568, 745, 834
Mudge, Dr John (1721–93), surgeon and physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1777); long-standing family friendship with Reynolds; hosted S.J. in Plymouth (1762), later becoming firm friends: 201, 255, 894
Mudge, Revd Zachariah (1694–1769), divine, Church of England clergyman; lifelong friend of Reynolds; prebendary of Exeter (1736); author of Liberty: A Sermon (1731) and An Essay towards a New English Version of the Book of Psalms (1744); father of Dr John Mudge and met S.J. through his son: 15, 201, 806–7
Mudge, William (1762–1820), Major-General; son of Dr John Mudge and S.J.’s godson: 667
Mulgrave, Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron (1744–92), captain, RN: 523
Muller, John (1699–1784), professor of fortification and mathematics in Woolwich: 187 n. b
Mulso, Miss, see Chapone, Hester
Munsey, Dr Messenger, see Monsey, Dr Messenger
Murdoch, Dr Patrick (d. 1774), Church of England clergyman and writer; fellow of the Royal Society (1745); vicar of Great Thurlow (1760); friend and biographer of the poet James Thomson; abandoned project for complete works of Isaac Newton: 584, 594, 718
Murphy, Arthur (1727–1805), playwright and actor; acquainted with Johnson from c.1754; ran the political weekly The Test (from 1756); author of the plays Know Your Own Mind (1778) and The Grecian Daughter (1772); rented Drury Lane for the summer season with Samuel Foote (1761); edited the works of Fielding (1762); introduced S.J. to Henry and Hester Thrale; translated Tacitus (1793); wrote Essay on the Life and Genius of Samuel Johnson (1792) and a biography of Garrick (1801); successful lawyer: 167, 176, 189, 190, 199–200, 208 n. a, 259, 304–6, 322, 327, 398, 407, 462, 533–6, 646, 903, 914, 989 n. a
Murray, Alexander, Lord Henderland (1736–95), judge; Solicitor-General for Scotland (1775); MP for Peeblesshire (1780); ordinary Lord of Session and a commissioner of the Court of Justiciary (1783): 523–6
Murray, Dr Richard (c.i 727–99), fellow, later provost, of Trinity College, Dublin: 256–7
Murray, John (1745–93), bookseller and publisher; exploited the market for reprinting after the House of Lords decision on literary property (1774); published and edited the English Review (est. 1783); made most of his money through reprints of the likes of Shakespeare, Milton, Defoe and Fielding from his shop in Fleet Street: 117n. a, 682
Murray, William, see Mansfield, William Murray, ist Earl of
Musgrave, Dr Samuel (1732–80), physician and classical scholar; fellow of the Royal Society (1760); physician to the Devon and Exeter Hospital (1766); fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1777); Greek scholar, specializing in the study and annotation of the works of Euripides; notes on Sophocles incorporated by the Clarendon Press edition (1800): 695–6
Musgrave, Sir William (1735–1800), 6th Baronet, of Hayton Castle: 88
Mylne, Robert (1734–1811), architect and engineer; winner of the competition to design the new bridge over the Thames at Blackfriars (1760); Johnson critical of his design during this campaign in favour of his friend John Gwynne’s; surveyor to St Paul’s Cathedral; fellow of the Royal Society (1767); chief engineer to the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal; founder member of the Architects’ Club (1791): 187 and n. b
Nares, Revd Robert (1735–1829), philologist: 982
Nash, Richard (1674–1761), ‘Beau Nash’, master of ceremonies and social celebrity; master of ceremonies at Bath (1705); both treasured and reviled, as a gambler, sinner and womanizer; crown eventually tarnished after the admission that he had conned visitors in games of cards and dice; memorialized in Goldsmith’s Life of RichardNash (1762): 4
Naude, Gabriel (1600–53), bibliographer (‘Naudæus’): 475
Neander, Michael (1525–95), German philologist: 407
Nelson, Robert (1656–1715), philanthropist and religious writer; Nonjuror; fellow of the Royal Society (1695); formed the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) (1698); influence on John Wesley; author of A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England (1704): 509, 936
Neny (or‘Neni’), Count Patrice (1716–84), Netherlands statesman: 536
Newbery, John (i7i3-67), bookseller in Reading and London: 177, 185
Newcastle, Henry Fiennes-Clinton, 2nd Duke of (1720–94), politician; Lord Lieutenant of Cambridge (1742– 57); lord of the bedchamber (1743); joint comptroller of the customs of London (1749); auditor of the Exchequer (1751); knight of the Garter (1752); Privy Councillor (1768); preferred the pleasures of the country and sport to politics: 798–9
Newcastle, Sir Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of (1693–1768), prime minister (1754-6); Whig; Lord Chamberlain (1717); friend of George I; knight of the Garter (1718); Secretary of State for the South (1724); effectively Walpole’s foreign minister (1730–39); defence minister (1739–48); foreign minister for Pelham (1748–54); minister offinancesatthe Treasury for Pitt the elder (1757–62); often regarded as the classic example of incompetence elevated to power by virtue of wealth alone: 87
Newhall, Sir Walter Pringle, Lord (i664?–i736), judge; advocate (1687); made judge and created Lord Newhall (1718); leading Scottish barrister: 604
Newhaven, William Mayne, 1st Baron (1722–94), politician: 743
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727), natural philosopher and mathematician; theologian and student of alchemy; Lucasian professor at Cambridge University (166^); author of Philosophiaenaturalisprincipia mathematica (1687); Warden of the Mint (1696); president of the Royal Society (1703): 163, 239, 326 and n. a, 679, 775 n. a, 839, 883
Newton, Dr Thomas (1704–82), bishop of Bristol and Dean of St Paul’s: 921 and n. a
Nicol, George (c.1741–1829), bookseller and publisher; owned a share in the Gazetteer; purchased the majority of the Caxtonian volumes for George III; helped create the ‘Bodoni Hum’ typeface used to print Boydell’s Shakespeare; catalogued and organized the sale of the books of the 3rd Duke of Roxburghe (1812): 901, 966 and n. b
Nicholls, Dr Frank (1699–1778), anatomist and physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1728); author of Compendium anatomicum (1732); fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1732); Lumleian lecturer (1746); first to lecture on the minute anatomy of the tissues; style and method of teaching greatly influenced William Hunter: 451, 611
Nichols, John (1745–1826), printer and writer; apprenticed under William Bowyer; as Bowyer’s executor, took over his printing house on his death (1777); printers to the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Society for many years; owned a share in the Gentleman’s Magazine (from 1778); reputation as an editor, biographer and antiquary; edited Volume 17 of the trade edition of Swift’s Works (1775); avid collector of literary manuscripts; member of the Essex Head Club; printed S.J.’s Lives of the English Poets; gave J.B. material for his Life; author of The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester: 53 n. d, 58, 60 n. b,
71 n. a, 79 and n. b, 80 nn. a and b, 782 and n. a, 795, 824, 854, 897 n. a, 903, 941, 963, 969, 979, 993 andn. a
Nicolaida, or Nicolaides (fl. 1775–82), a learned Greek: 463 and n. a
Nisbet, Sir John, Lord Dirleton (i 609?-87), Lord Advocate: 634
Noble, Revd Mark (1754–1827), biographer and antiquary; author of Memoirs of the Protectorate-House of Cromwell (1784), a judgemental and subjective work that has not been of lasting significance; rector of Barming, Kent (1786); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1781): 892 n. a
Nollekens, Joseph (1737–1823), RA, sculptor: 642 n. a, iooon. c
Nollekens, Mrs Mary (whom J.B. mistakenly called Jane) (nee Welch) (d. 1817), wife of the above: 640, 642 n. a
Norris, Mr (fl. 1737), a London stay-maker: 61
Norris, Revd John (1657–1711): 976 n. a
North, Dudley, see Long, Dudley
North, Frederick Lord (1732–92), 2nd Earl of Guilford; prime minister (1769–82); MP for Banbury (1754–90); lord of the Treasury (1759–65); joint Paymaster-General (1766-7); Privy Councillor (1766); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1767); knight of the Garter (1772); close personal friendship with George III; ultimately ‘the minister who lost America’; formed a coalition with Fox (1783); kept in opposition for last years by Pitt the younger; coped more than adequately with problems in Ireland, India and Canada: 332, 338, 440, 598, 643
Northington, Robert Henley, 2nd Earl of (1747–86), politician; teller of the Exchequer (1763); knight of the Thistle (1773); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1777); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1783-4); Privy Councillor (1783); unsuccessful tenure in Ireland: 874, 887 n. b
Northumberland, Elizabeth, Duchess of (1716–76), courtier and diarist; patron of leading cabinet-makers, painters and craftsmen; J.B. one of her Friday night gathering guests; lady of the bedchamber to Queen Charlotte (until 1770); kept a lively diary, 1752–76, published in parts; later correspondent of J.B.; her contribution to Poetical Amusements deplored by S.J.: 443, 670 n. a
Northumberland, Hugh Smithson, 1st Duke of (c. 1715–86), politician; lord of the bedchamber (1760); lord chamberlain to Queen Charlotte (1762); Privy Councillor (1762); Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex (1762); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1763-5); Master of the Horse (1778–80): 295, 329, 670
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