We Believe the Children

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We Believe the Children Page 42

by Richard Beck


  Edenton, North Carolina, 243, 246

  El Paso, Texas, xiv, xxi, 115, 156–157, 208

  Enlightenment era, 220

  Equal Rights Amendment, 233

  Erickson, Alvin, 75

  evangelicals, xxiv, 23, 130–132, 133, 161, 172, 182, 184–185, 187, 236

  exoneration appeals, 248

  eyewitnesses, 68, 150

  False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF), 237–238, 256

  Faludi, Susan, 233

  family issues, 160, 161, 162, 169–193, 224, 228, 233

  and abuse of power, 260

  authority in families, 264

  damage done to families, 238

  effects of negative family environment, 258

  family as model for civic life, 181

  family values, 138

  mixed families and sex rings, 267

  transformation of family life, 266

  See also child sexual abuse: and family members/close friends; nuclear families; patriarchy

  Family Research Council, 259

  fantasies, 16, 79–80, 86–87, 133, 190, 191, 206, 222, 268

  “No one fantasizes abuse,” 219

  Father-Daughter Incest (Herman), 226

  father figures, 181

  FBI, 40, 90, 94, 97–98, 121, 123, 153, 189, 247

  Behavioral Science Unit (BSU), 118, 119, 120

  National Academy, 118

  report on ritual abuse, 241

  Female Eunuch, The (Greer), 14

  Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 13

  feminism, xxiv, 7–8, 13, 14, 15, 50, 79, 119, 120, 127, 130, 172, 226, 234, 236, 259

  antifeminism, 131–132, 233, 264

  antipornography movement in, 132–133, 134, 138–139, 159, 161

  and hysteria, 267

  and incest survivors movement, 256

  and nuclear families, 160

  second wave of, 265

  slogan “The personal is political,” 260

  Ferguson, Marvin, 69

  Field, Sally, 22

  films, 244

  Firestone, Shulamith, 14

  First Amendment, xv

  Fitts, Glenn, 66

  Florida, 6–7, 142

  Dade County, 132 (see also Miami)

  Focus on the Family, 130, 131, 136

  fondling of genitals, xv, 35, 57, 142, 179, 228, 258

  Fonolleras, Lou, xvi

  foster parents, 1–2, 77, 88

  Franco, Karla, 184, 185

  freedoms, 233, 234, 236, 265–266, 267

  Freeman, George, 150, 163–164

  Freud, Sigmund, 12, 22, 123, 130, 216, 219, 224, 265

  anti-Freudianism, 14–15

  and Charcot, 221–222

  as covering up childhood sexual abuse, 16, 125, 127–128, 157

  Oedipus complex theory, 12, 16, 50, 220, 222

  on repression, 225

  seduction theory of, 15–16, 127, 133, 152, 219–220, 222, 223, 228–229

  See also psychoanalysis

  Freyd, Pamela, 237, 238

  Friedan, Betty, 13–14

  Friedman, Arnold, 173–181

  children of, 173, 177–179, 180, 181

  guilty plea of, 176, 177, 181

  son David’s videotapes of family, 175–177

  wife Elaine, 173, 176–177, 180–181

  Friedman, Gary, 80

  Friedman, Jesse, 247

  Fugue states, 19, 28

  Fuster, Frank and Iliana, xiii–xiv, xviii, 116, 139–145, 243

  son Noel tested for gonorrhea, 141–142, 250

  Gainey, Nicole, 263–264

  Galasso, Fran, 174

  Gallant, Sandi, 120–121, 122

  Gallardo, Marina, 157, 159

  Gassner, Father Johann Joseph, 220

  Gentleman, Dorothy, 160–161

  Georgalis, Ron, 174

  Germundson, Marlene, 84

  Gerry, Elbridge T., 2

  Gil, David, 9–10, 11

  Gindes, Andrew, 79, 80

  Gits, Dean, 100–101, 153–154, 197, 198, 202, 204

  Glassen, Paul, 245

  Goldstein, Arnold, 210

  gonorrhea, 141–142, 250

  grand juries, 61, 62, 83, 117, 208

  Gray, Earl, 87

  Great Neck (Long Island), 177

  Great Society, 6, 8

  Green River Killings, 189

  Greer, Germaine, 14

  guilt feelings, 28, 96, 100, 160, 165, 172, 192, 231, 232, 236, 242

  Gunderson, Ted, 210, 211

  Gunson, Roger, 203

  Haber, Mary Sue, 144

  Haddad, Jill, 67, 69, 70–71

  Hahn, James Kenneth, 107

  Hammond, Cory, 228

  Harmful to Minors: The Perils of Protecting Children from Sex (Levine), 261–262

  Harper’s, 163, 244

  hearsay evidence, 208

  Heart to Heart retreat for girls, 183–184, 185

  heavy metal, xxii

  hedonism, 233

  Heger, Astrid, 59, 72, 123, 139, 155, 203, 204, 212

  helicopter parenting, 263

  Herman, Judith, 226

  Hermosa Beach, California, 63, 95, 111, 150, 167, 213

  Hide-and-seek game, 85–86

  Hoag, Jane, 33, 41, 42, 46

  Hollingsworth, Jan, 152

  home movies, 110. See also videotapes

  homosexuality, xxiv, 21, 58, 131, 132, 133, 163, 247, 255, 265, 267

  as emotional disorder, 258

  gay men as child abusers, 115, 200–201

  Honduras, 139, 243

  horsey game, 36–37

  House of Representatives, 259

  Humphrey, Hubert, III, 90

  hymens, 58, 59, 202–203, 248

  hypnosis, 126, 187, 193, 219, 220, 230

  as treatment for hysteria, 220–221, 222, 228–229

  hysteria, 15, 18, 28, 105, 111, 117, 127, 220–221, 222, 264, 267–268

  as feminine malady, 267

  immigrants, 2

  incest, 39, 49–50, 119, 124, 127, 160, 190, 191, 192, 218, 222, 233, 234, 258

  father-daughter incest, 232, 235, 236, 237, 246

  incest survivors movement, 256

  Incest Survivors Anonymous (ISA), 231–232

  Independent newspaper, 65, 76

  Indictment (film), 244

  inequalities, 7, 9, 14, 133

  I Never Told Anyone: Writings by Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (Bass), 216

  informants, 151, 152, 163, 164

  Ingram, Paul, 182–193

  daughters of, 183–186, 187, 188, 190, 192

  father of, 193

  wife and sons of, 182, 183, 185, 189, 190

  inner child, 217

  International Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, 256

  International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation (ISSMP&D), 127, 129, 224

  interviews with children, xi, xvii–xix, 40–46, 47–49, 54–57, 115, 123, 141, 142, 145, 157, 161, 165, 206, 251, 267

  and child suggestibility, 171, 248

  by Geraldo Rivera, 171

  interviewer bias, 248

  number of, 56, 93, 153, 154

  as traumatic, 40 (see also Trauma: therapy as traumatic)

  use of dolls/puppets during, 40, 41, 42–44, 48, 54, 252, 253

  videotaping, 40

  ISA. See Incest Survivors Anonymous

  ISSMP&D. See International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation

  Issues in Child Abuse Accusations (journal), 161

  Jackson, John A., 101, 102–103, 107–108, 152–153

  Jackson, Mary Ann, 61, 109, 165

  Jagels, Ed, 66, 67–68, 69, 71, 72–73, 79, 80, 82, 83, 122, 246

  Janet, Pierre, 220–221, 229–230

  Jarecki, Andrew, 174

  Jarriel, Tom, xiv–xv, 104–105

  Jeopardy in the Classroom: A Scientific Analysis of Children’s Testimony (Ceci and Bruck), 248

  Jerusal
em, xxii

  Johnson, Christine, 109

  Johnson, Judy and Matthew, 32, 34, 42, 46, 48, 60, 97–98, 111, 112–113, 114, 147, 148, 201, 266

  death of Judy Johnson, 114

  Judy Johnson diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, 109

  and second McMartin trial, 213

  Johnson, Lyndon, 6, 134

  Johnson, Toni Cavanagh, 257

  Jolly K (pseudonym), 10–11, 12, 49

  Jordan, Minnesota, xiii, xvi, 65, 73–77, 91, 123, 133, 251, 267

  Valley Green trailer park in, 74, 75

  Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Journal of Medical Microbiology, 250

  Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 3

  judges, 67, 68–69, 80, 87, 97, 100, 129, 153, 212, 213

  Judgment at Nuremberg (film), 109

  jurors, 156, 160, 164–165, 201–202, 203, 206–207, 208–209, 212–213

  touring McMartin Preschool, 195–196

  See also trials: jury selection

  KABC, 56, 57, 61, 105, 150, 166

  Kanof, Debra, 157, 158–159, 246

  Keller, Fran and Dan, xxi–xxii, 247–248, 251

  Kelly, Betsy, 243

  Kelly, Don, 35, 38, 61

  Kelly, Robert, 246

  Kempe, C. Henry, 3–5, 124

  Kids Are People Too, 78

  Kluft, Richard, 262

  Kniffen, Scott and Brenda, 65, 66, 71, 72, 79, 245

  Knight, Robert, 262, 263

  Koedt, Anne, 14

  Korean War, 104

  Kuhlmeyer, Harry L., Jr., 36

  Lanning, Kenneth, 118–120, 122–123, 131, 136, 189, 241–242

  Larry King, 209

  Latiner, Forrest, 100–101, 106, 151, 161–162

  LaVey, Anton, 23

  Leadership Council for Mental Health, Justice, and the Media, 262

  Learning Game Preschool, 63

  LeFave, Cheryl Amirault, xxi, 243–244, 246

  legislation, xv, 6, 8–9, 98, 117, 133, 157, 232–233, 260

  and nuclear families, 265

  Resolution 107, 259

  Lerch, Irving, 261

  Levine, Judith, 261–262

  liberation movements, 131

  Lieber, Leonard, 10

  Life, 6

  Little Rascals Day Center, 243, 246

  Loftus, Elizabeth, 227, 248–249

  Los Angeles Times, 62, 93, 96, 102, 147, 165, 166, 205, 209, 251

  McCann, John J., 202

  McClanahan, Neil, 183

  McCuan, Alvin and Debbie, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 245

  MacFarlane, Kee, xviii–xix, 38–39, 40, 41, 42–49, 50, 54–57, 72, 94, 125, 139, 157, 165, 212, 267

  first interview with McMartin student, 42–44

  testifying before Congress, 103–104, 117

  McGauley, Jackie, 95

  McGovern, George, 181

  MacKinnon, Catharine, 133, 136, 159

  McMartin, Virginia, 31, 33, 56, 109, 148

  death of, 165

  diary of, 110

  testimony of, 203, 213

  McMartin Preschool, xi–xii, xiv, xviii–xix, xxv, 249

  allegations concerning, 31–63, 136–137

  charges dropped for five defendants, 109, 149, 154

  closing of, xi, 32

  described, 31, 195

  doubts about guilt concerning, 110, 113, 147, 148, 150

  excavation of grounds, 210–211

  on fire, 62

  indictments against five teachers, 61

  as national news, 104

  number of children attending, 33, 38

  police letter to parents concerning, 35–36

  preliminary hearing concerning, 93–114, 150, 208

  problems in investigation concerning, 37–38

  signed over to Danny Davis, 195

  torn down, 211

  trials concerning, xx, 147–167, 207, 209, 212–213

  tunnels underneath, 211–212

  McNally, Richard, 226, 227

  Madonna-whore complex, 130

  Malcolm, Janet, 127

  Manhattan Beach, California, xi, 33, 41, 83, 166, 170, 206, 212. See also McMartin Preschool

  Manhattan Ranch Preschool, 63

  Mann, Abby and Myra, 109–110, 111, 113–114, 147, 203–204, 244

  Maplewood, New Jersey, 116, 200

  Marmer, Steven, 128

  marriage rates, 172, 265

  Mason, Shirley, 17–23, 27–29, 125

  mother of, 20, 21, 28, 29

  Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff, 16, 127, 128, 133–134, 266

  masturbation, 259

  Matusinka, Jean, 38, 41

  Mayhugh, Kristie, xxi, 247

  media, xi, xiv, xv, xxv, 6, 12, 13, 23, 68, 76, 82, 87, 95, 106, 109, 112, 116–117, 133, 138, 151, 179, 180, 238, 264

  media bias, 205–206

  media skepticism, 244

  Meese Commission, 134–138

  Mergili, Donna and Tanya, 36

  Mesmer, Franz Anton, 220

  Miami, xiii, xviii, xix, xxiii, 136, 139, 247

  Michaels, Kelly, xxi, 162–163, 200, 244, 250

  Michelle Remembers (Pazder and Smith), 24, 25, 26, 39, 52, 81

  Millett, Kate, 14

  Minneapolis Government Operations Committee, 133

  Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, 123

  Mondale, Walter, 8–11, 39, 238, 260

  Mooney, Colleen, 167

  Moral Majority, 130, 131

  Morris, Kathleen, 66, 67, 72, 74, 75, 76, 83, 87–89, 90–91, 133

  Morse, Jeremy, 47

  Mothers of Bakersfield, 67, 78

  Mouw, Michael, 248

  MPD. See Multiple Personality Disorder

  Ms. magazine, 127, 236

  Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), 19, 22, 23, 28, 29, 39, 52, 129–131, 132, 136, 137, 144, 215, 223, 224, 230, 233–234, 235, 260, 262, 267

  belief in, 128

  and childhood sexual abuse, 125, 216

  as Dissociative Identity Disorder, 262

  frequency of diagnosis of, 126

  realization of not having, 236

  and repression, 225

  and ritual abuse, 129

  murders, xxii, 40, 81, 89–90, 98, 119, 129, 136, 151, 167, 189, 230, 236

  satanic murder defined, 241–242

  Murillo, Velda, 70, 71

  Mutter, Charles, 143

  Myers, Greg, Jane, and Andy, 77

  naked games, 45, 47, 55, 56

  naked movie star game, 36–37, 47, 48–49, 55, 155, 252

  Nathan, Debbie, ix, 19, 21, 58, 156, 157, 158, 159–160, 161, 162, 231–232, 244

  National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), 258

  National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN), 9, 39

  National Organization for Women (NOW), 8

  National Origins Act (1924), 2

  National Symposium on Child Molestation (1984), xvi

  Nelson, Barbara J., 5

  Netherlands, xxii, 262

  New Jersey, xiv, xvi, xxi, 116

  Newsweek, 6

  New York City, 1, 132

  New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 2

  New York Times, 5, 103, 249

  New Zealand, xxii

  Niles, Michigan, xiii, 116, 243

  Nixon, Richard, 8, 181, 232

  Noble, Michelle, 115, 156–157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 208, 246

  Nokes family, 81

  Norris, Chuck, 104, 154

  North Carolina, xv

  Norway, xxii

  NOW. See National Organization for Women

  nuclear families, xxiv, 3, 7–8, 132, 160, 172, 234, 264–265, 266

  battered housewife’s dependence on husband in, 260 (see also spousal abuse)

  as dying, 267, 268

  obscenity, 138. See also pornography

  occult organizations/festivals, 120, 121. See also ritual abuse; Satanism

  Ofshe, Richard, 189–191


  Oildale, California, 77

  Olympia, Washington, 182

  Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 68

  opinion polls, 38, 149–150. See also public opinion

  Oprah, 209, 212, 239

  oral sex, 35, 37, 42, 47, 84–85, 99, 140, 141, 145, 179

  orgasms, 14, 261

  orgies, 71, 77, 80, 86

  Owen, Ruth and Nina, 36–37

  Panaro, Peter, 178–179

  “Parental Abuse Looms in Childhood Deaths,” 5

  Parents Against Child Abuse (PACA), 96–97

  Parents Anonymous, 10, 39, 49

  Parents United, 39

  patient histories, 203

  patriarchy, 7, 16, 131, 160, 223, 233, 264–265

  Pazder, Dr. Lawrence, 23–27, 105, 223

  Pearson (judge), 129

  pediatricians, 34, 59, 70, 203

  pedophilia, xxiii–xxiv, 24, 78, 120, 143, 163, 180, 209, 259

  pedophiles vs. child abusers, 173

  Peninsula Montessori School, 62–63

  People magazine, 117

  Perez, Robert, 244–245, 246

  perjuries, 163

  Perry, Bruce, 247

  Phelps, Rod, 70, 71

  Philibosian, Robert, 38, 57, 62, 111, 148

  Phipps-Yonas, Susan, 77, 89

  photography, 37, 47, 57, 80, 98, 137, 140, 155, 156, 179

  photographs of hysterical patients, 221

  photo lineups, 153

  Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 115, 116

  Playboy magazine, 75, 134, 136

  political candidates, 73

  Politics of Child Abuse (Eberle and Eberle), 161

  pornography, xi, xii, xiv, xv, xvi, xxiv, 35, 47, 57, 67, 77, 89, 90, 102, 104, 137, 150, 153, 156, 159, 175, 179, 180, 185

  exported to Europe, 80

  legal issue concerning child pornography, 173–174

  rewards for information concerning, 96–97

  social effects of, 134–135

  to sublimate with, 177

  See also feminism: antipornography movement in

  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 228

  Pounders, William, 153, 156, 164, 195, 196, 199, 201–202, 203, 205, 209

  poverty, 6, 10, 260

  preliminary hearings, 99, 208. See also trials: preliminary hearing for McMartin trial

  Preschool-Age Molested Children’s Professional Group, 40

  preschool closings, 167, 170, 207

  Pride, Mary, 162

  Proby, Michelle, 24–27

  sisters of, 27

  professionalism, 5, 122, 123, 127, 139, 183

  prosecutors, 62, 65–91, 98, 99, 106, 109, 112, 113, 115, 134, 139, 197, 203, 204, 267

  creating an imaginary suspect, 82

  critiques of, 148

  prosecutorial misconduct/overreach, 83, 152, 208, 246, 249

  See also individual prosecutors

  prostitution, 104, 150

 

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