wiyardtha
mother
womoo
fluffy white edible substance found on mallee tree leaves
wonga
talk/language
wongan
talk
wonganyi
speaking
wultja
eagle or policeman
wunyi
girl
wurly wurly
whirlwind
wuthoo
makeshift shelter
yudda
mouth
yudoo
good
yumbra
blowfly
yuree
ears
yuree bamba
no ears/not listening
yureeminga
earache
1
Minya wunyi wonganyi
My name is Grace. Grace Dawn. That’s ’cause I was born just as the jindu came up over our Kokatha country on Koonibba Mission. Papa Neddy gave me my name. Said if it’s good enough for Superintendent to call ’is girls Charity and Hope, it was good enough for me to ’ave a Bible name too. Mumma Jenna said she brought me into the world a year before that big war finished, just over a year after my sister Eva was born.
Ada, my mother, was my sister ’til I was about five years old. For Eva it was a bit older, before we knew the truth. Still call ’er Ada now, outa habit I s’pose. Can’t say when I first knew that Papa Neddy and Mumma Jenna weren’t really my parents but my grandparents, and that my big sisters were really my mothers, or ‘aunties’, as whitefellas call ’em. It was more of a slow thing, like a ringworm. A minya faint circle on your skin, then itchin’. Could be mozzie bite, but before you know it, it’s full grown and there’s no mistakin’. It was kinda like that.
We got a big family, though, lotsa mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers. We all live in a little cottage on the Mission. There’s lotsa cottages just like ours that other Nyunga families live in too. But not the Mission workers – Superintendent, Pastor, Nurse, Teacher. All them mob, they live in flash houses or nice rooms, not like ours. They different from us. They look at things different-way, funny-way. I reckon they see things mixed-up-way, sometimes. They don’t understand our ways.
Big mob of family live in our cottage. There’s Ada, me and my sisters – Eva, Sarah and Lily. Eva’s my big sister, we always fightin’ but we really close, too. Sarah was born when I was minya wunyi, only three. She the quiet one. I always look out for ’er ’cause she a softie and gets hurt sometimes. Lily, come next, she ‘The Lily of the Valley’, like in the song, or most of the time we call ’er Lil-Lil, like minya, ’cause she little girl. We sleep together on one big bed in our bedroom that’s at the back part of our cottage. Then, there’s Uncle Murdi, ’is other name, Malcolm.
Sometimes, us Nyunga mooga got couple of names – our Nyunga name, and the name we christened with in the church on the Mission. Not everyone has Nyunga names, depends if you given one or not, mostly by the old fellas or family. Nyunga-way, Uncle Murdi’s Ada’s brother. All my uncles are my fathers and all my aunties are my mothers. Uncle Murdi’s wife Soossy, ’er other name Suzie. They got a baby, Matthew. Yudu, that’s Uncle Murdi’s dog, a blue heeler, real clever dog. ’Is name mean ‘real nice lookin’’ in our language, ’cause he’s a nice lookin’ booba. All them mob sleep in the kitchen in our minya cottage. Then, there’s Uncle Jerry, ’is other name Jeremiah. He Ada’s other brother. He’s married to Aunty Ruthie. Their kids, Harry, Mona and baby Jeremiah. They had ’nother minya baby that passed away. She’s in heaven with God and ’is son Jesus, now. That baby’s jinga, so we don’t say ’er name no more, so we don’t call ’er spirit back to us. That’s Nyunga-way. Uncle Jerry’s family sleep in the bedroom at the front with Uncle Wadu’s family. ’Is other name Wallace, ’nother brother of Ada’s. ’Is family, Aunty Nora and their kids Polly, Sandy, and Joshua or Joshy. They my sisters and brother too. All them kids my sisters and brothers Nyunga-way, they what whitefellas call ‘cousins’.
Ada’s got other sisters too, Margaret or Maggie, and Rose, but they don’t live on the Mission, they live at Mount Faith. Aunty Maggie kids, Andy, Hope, Julie, Marie and baby Joan. Aunty Rose’s got a minya daughter Dee-Dee Doe, and Aunty Dorrie looks after ’er here on the Mission sometimes. Dee-Dee’s my bestest friend. We the same age and stick together like yumbra mooga stuck in honey. Mumma Jenna say, ‘Real sweet how they play together, like minya twins.’
Ada’s sister, Ester or Essie, she with Uncle Adrian or Ardi, and their kids, Adrian and baby Julianne or Jilly. They sleep in one room with one big double bed, one single bed, and a cot. Sometimes, they share that room with Ada’s other sisters, Dorrie (Dorothy), Mim (Magda), Wendy (Gwendalyn) and Molly (May). They’re not married, got no mudgie mooga, so they sleep in the single bed, there. Or they just squeeze in anywhere, wherever there’s room to sleep. But sometimes they away working for whitefellas, walbiya mob, doin’ cleaning, milkin’ cows, things like that. Only sometimes they come to stay, except for Molly. She always here, she’s big girl, like teenager. I wish she go and work away sometimes too ’cause she always teasin’ us kids but she’s Mumma Jenna’s big baby. She tease us all the time, especially when Mumma’s not ’round to growl ’er to stop. All them mob used to share that one room with Papa Neddy and Mumma Jenna, too. They like them minya sardines squashed in there before, us too in our double bed.
But now, Papa Neddy’s built ’nother lean-to out the back for ’im and Mumma Jenna. He clever ’cause he a builder. He can build houses and big buildings with bunda mooga. He even built some houses and shops in Ceduna for walbiya mob. He reckons that when he’s a young boy he got sent away to learn to build them places. Them walbiya mooga were real cruel to ’im and strict too but now he knows how to build houses ’cause they showed ’im. Papa Neddy’s strict too but he’s deadly, he takes care of us, all ’is minya granny mooga. If us kids play up, he growl us, might even give us a beltin’. Worst of all, sometimes he crack that whip of ’is if we actin’ up naughty-way, ’specially if we dawdlin’ to church or runnin’ in the rain gettin’ wet, ’cause we might get minga. We cut it flat-out-way then, ’cause that whip hurt like hell if it hit us.
We got another name too, it’s Oldman. That’s our last name. Papa says it came from way over the wanna on a big ship, from Ireland. Two twin brothers, one named Nat gave us ’is name through Granny Dianna, my Kokatha great grandmother, long time ago, when them walbiya mooga started comin’ to our country. Granny Dianna had a big strong brother, and he was a very special man Nyunga-way, ’is name mean the same as light from the moon. He taught Papa lotsa things. Papa always told us we ’ave a strong Kokatha bloodline that we must never forget and even though Mumma Jenna is Mirning and that blood runs through us too, we must hold strong to our Kokatha side, Papa’s Mumma, Granny Dianna’s side and ’er brother, that special one. That’s how I’ve always known, proud-way, that I’m Kokatha. That’s what Papa taught us, that’s what Granny Dianna and ’er brother Jumoo taught ’im. They always tell us this our munda here and all the way ’round this way, where them rockholes are out that way, then back this way over to them other rockholes, and over that way to the Gawler Ranges, too. Big lot of Kokatha country and we gotta look after it, make sure it stays strong. Granny Dianna even got one rockhole sam
e name as her, ’cause that’s our country and she boss woman for all that place.
Even though them cheeky kids at school call us other names, we know we’re right Nyunga-way because of Granny Dianna and ’er brother and Papa and Papa’s sisters and brothers. Sometimes those kids call us other names like ‘Williams’ pigs’, and ‘whitefella kids’, walbiya gu gidjida mooga, and sometimes filthy names too like walaba goona muroo, that mean, white person with a black arse. Those kids got no shame, hey?
But Mumma and Ada and our other mothers tell us, ‘Don’t take no notice of them. They just snotty-nosed little pigs themselves with no respect, talking like that.’
It’s real hard to look at your mother as your mother, when you’ve never bin sure who she is to you, ’cause you’ve always called ’er Ada. She even smell different when I lay near ’er in our big old bed and she givin’ mimmi milk to Lil-Lil. It’s a different smell from when I was minya. That’s ’cause I sucked old Mrs Lizzy Dempsey’s mimmi when I was a guliny, when Ada run outa milk. That’s what Mumma Jenna told me, she say that I had to go to other weena ’cause Ada never had any milk. But I nyindi that old Mrs Dempsey smells right to me, she the one who fed me and help me grow up strong-way. Babies are smart, you know, they don’t forget things like that. Even when they grow up to big adult and forget, the baby in them still knows. I nyindi, ’cause when old Mrs Dempsey says, ‘Come ’ere girl,’ and pulls me into ’er mimmi and gives me big hug, she smells right to me. I know ’er smell and I just want to stay there like that for a long time breathin’ ’er in, that same smell from when I was growin’ up strong-way from a minya guling. That’s one of the best smells ever. That, and malu tail cooking in the campfire after the men come ’ome from huntin’, and Mumma bakin’ damper in the ashes, and bakin’ bread, and cookin’ boorar pie in our old wood oven. They the best smells in the whole wide world.
I still go and see old Mrs Dempsey all the time. She live close-way to us on the Mission. She got soft spot for me. Sometimes, I help ’er husband, old Mr Arthur Dempsey, pullin’ out the weeds on the paths. That’s ’is job. We don’t talk much. Don’t need to. We just kind of understand what each other thinkin’. That’s how it is with me and old Mr Dempsey. That’s how it is with a lotta the old fellas. They don’t need to talk much with their mouth, ’cause they talkin’ other ways. Not like them walbiya mob, they make my yuree hurt the way they go on and on sometimes, ’specially Teacher. There only so much I can put up with in class with Teacher jabberin’ on all the time. When I had enough, I just look out the window and think about playin’ outside. That’s when she slam the ruler on the table and tell me to look at her, look at ’er in the guru, while she talkin’ to me. She don’t even know that’s not right Nyunga-way. You don’t go starin’ like that, that’s shame-job. They might think you want to be mudgie mudgie with them, or that you cheeky, or lookin’ for trouble. For someone who meant to know a lot, Teacher sure is dumb sometimes.
But Mr Dempsey, he respectful old man, he talk deadly-way. ’Is smile say the most. With a nod, it says, ‘Hello there, girl. Good to see you,’ or, ‘You done a good job today,’ and, ‘Well done.’ ’Is last smile of the day says, ‘I’ll see you tomorrow, then,’ and it’s always real wide and warm and grateful-like. That’s my favourite.
But you know, that one old, bushy, grey eyebrow says a lot too. When it goes straight up like that on ’is ngulya, it’s askin’ me, ‘So, you ’ave decided to turn up today, ’ave you?’ or ‘What you got there, girl?’ And sometimes it says, ‘Can I help you pull out that big weed?’
When ’is eyebrows squish together and go down over ’is guru, they usually sayin’, ‘What you diggin’ a big hole in the munda like that for? That weed’s not a damn mallee root, girl.’ And when both them eyebrows go up together and he sticks ’is lips out, this way or that way, he pointin’ with them. He wants me to pick somethin’ up for ’im here, or he showin’ me somethin’ over there. ‘There’s more weeds over that way,’ he says by pointin’ ’is lips.
Sometimes, if I help old Mr Dempsey all day, every day, he gives me five shillings from ’is pay. That’s when I give ’im a big smile and he know what I’m sayin’ even though I ’aven’t opened my mouth to wongan. He just knows, he nods and smiles back at me with ’is end-of-the-day smile.
I cut it then, flat-out-way, to the shop to buy cake with minya sultanas in them and eat ’em real slow-way, real sly-way, ’cause if my sisters or brothers see me I’ll ’ave to give them some and my minya djuda’s just too hungry to share. Besides, I bin workin’ real hard-way with old Mr Dempsey all week for my minya treat. Sometimes, I force myself to stop eatin’ it all at once and hide some cake up inside our fireplace, on the ledge there, for when my djuda’s aching for food and sendin’ me real joobardi. I ’ave to do it real sly-way, though.
‘What you lookin’ for up there?’ Eva ask.
I jump out from under the fireplace, put my murra up and turn it over as I walk past ’er and cut it, quick-way, out the door. I don’t need to tell ’er with my mouth ’cause she knows what I say with my murra. I say, ‘Nothin’, I’m not lookin’ for nothin.’ Just as well I didn’t ’ave to open my mouth ’cause all them crumbs would fall out, and she’d ’ave known then. Instead, she follow me out the door, and my minya mai stash safe for another day.
Us Nyunga mooga use our hands to talk like that a lot too, you know. We make lotta signs with our murra mooga, our eyes, our lips and the way we turn our head, that all says lotta things. When I move my murra like this, I say, ‘Where you goin’?’ or ‘You ’right?’ Papa reckon’s usin’ ’is murra to talk to the other men when they out huntin’ help them catch malu. If they yelled out to each other it frighten the malu away. So if they come ’ome and turn their murra that way, they sayin’, ‘We got nothin’. We got no malu out huntin’ today.’ And I always think that’s probably ’cause someone couldn’t keep their big mouth shut. But when we turn our murra this other way, we’re sayin’, ‘You got food?’ or ‘You got money?’ We can say, ‘Someone’s comin’’, like this, or ‘Leave it now,’ or ‘Later,’ like that. But most important thing we do with our murra, most respectful thing, is shake murra with family when someone dies, when they jinga. That’s real important. The most respectful thing you can do with your murra. And if you don’t, it’s very, very, disrespectful. Real cheeky. We taught that when we real young. We taught how to be respectful like that. That’s Nyunga-way.
That’s another way how we different from walbiya mooga, we talk in other ways. We don’t ’ave to ’ave talk goin’ on, and on, wonganyi non-stop. Sometimes, we say lotta things quiet-way to each other without opening our mouth and they don’t know what we sayin’. We gotta talk like that sometimes, ’cause them walbiya mooga on the Mission won’t even let us use Kokatha wonga either. We gotta talk English. We talk our Kokatha wonga loud-way at ’ome but not when they around. At school, if Teacher hears us, she growl and sometimes hit us on the murra with the ruler. So we talk it in whisper. ‘Joobardi weena, boonri boonri.’ That mean, ‘Silly woman, bossy boots.’ That’s what Teacher is sometimes, that’s what us kids call ’er, anyway. Imagine if I said that loud-way in English. Teacher would give me good hidin’. So when we can’t talk or even whisper in lingo, ’cause they listenin’, we use our murra, and other parts of our body, to talk safe-way.
Sometimes, it’s real important to talk to each other without wonganyi, ’specially when welfare mob come. That’s when we gotta talk real quiet-way or they might grab us fair-skinned gidjida mooga and we’ll never see our family again.
2
If welfare get us, we finished
They got silly ways sometimes, them walbiya mooga, real silly ways. That Sister McFlarety, she’s always sniffin’ ’round, lookin’ to grab us, and sometimes welfare mob from town come snoopin’ with her too. When Mission walbiya mooga come and tell everyone to clean up their houses, then we know trouble’s comin’. Somet
imes, Nyunga wonga goes real fast. The grown-ups call it the West Coast Sentinel, like the newspaper, ’cause it goes round real quick-way and everyone know everyone’s business, tharldu-bula! Or we call it the Nyunga Grapevine. It’s not a proper grapevine, with grapes, we just call it that when news spreads fast. Sometimes we might hear from other Nyunga mooga on the Mission that welfare’s comin’ from town. Most the time, our Nyunga Grapevine’s faster than that big black car that drives ’round flat-out-way. If we lookin’ we can tell when it’s comin’ from miles ’way. We see them big clouds of dust blowin’ up over the mallee trees, over there. We nyindi they comin’.
That’s when Mumma Jenna round up us kids quick-way and tell us she takin’ us out to get mai, to get joongu joongu, boorar and walga, if they in season, or gulda or rabbity. She take us out the back of Mission, long-way into the scrub. If we lucky we get lotsa proper bush mai then, and our minya djuda mooga real full and content. Sometimes when she take us out like that, we might get back late-way to Mission, when it’s startin’ to get dark and the welfare mob gone. Sometimes when we come back we hear ’bout kids being put in the Children’s ’Ome or taken away and we never see ’em again. It makes everyone real sad. Some Nyunga families never the same again when their minya ones go. They just mope ’round real sad-way.
Mumma Jenna says, ‘Losin’ ya minya ones leaves a big heavy hole in your guddadu.’ That’s what it feels like. Then she say, ‘As long as the Good Lord gives me breath in my lungs, I’ll fight for my kids an’ minya grannies not to get taken ’way.’
She reckons we lucky we ’ave the Children’s ’Ome here on the Mission or more kids would be taken long-way, and that we lucky again, for bein’ able to stay with our own family. We stay at ’ome in our minya cottage with Mumma and Papa and Ada and all our other mothers and fathers and sisters and brothers. Not like them other poor kids who get put in the Children’s ’Ome or even worse, get taken long-way away and don’t ever get to see their own mob again. One minute you playin’ with ’em, and next minute they gone. It makes us kids real sad and angry. Some grown-ups even fight them welfare mob, but welfare always win. Once they got us, that’s it, we’re finished. We just gotta be real clever and sly to beat them at their own game. That’s why we run and hide before they come and steal us.
Mazin Grace Page 2