25. Ibid.
CHAPTER XIII
1. R3-19-195 to 213, letter to Ritter, January 31, 1918, Paris.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
CHAPTER XIV
1. Amédée Ozenfant, Mémoires, 1886–1962 (Paris: Seghers, 1968), p. 101.
2. L’Elan, 1915–1916, ten issues.
3. Ozenfant, Mémoires, p. 97.
4. Art et Liberté, under the presidency of Auguste Perret.
5. The body of Le Corbusier literature, including most of the published chronologies and all of the texts for which the architect himself was directly responsible, gives 1918 as the year of his meeting with Amédée Ozenfant. Not that it is a definitive source, but Ozenfant’s autobiography gives May 1917 as the occasion of that pivotal encounter—as Paul V. Turner, in a footnote to p. 138 of La formation de Le Corbusier, pointed out. If indeed this was so—although nothing in Jeanneret’s diarylike letters corroborates it—then it is possible that it was Ozenfant who took Jeanneret to the performance of the Ballets Russes. Ozenfant also wrote that, when they first met, Jeanneret was blind to the merits of Cubism. In any event, the 1917 date seems certain. In a letter of May 6, 1917, Jeanneret proposes various times when Ozenfant might come spend time with him. Françoise Ducros’s Amédée Ozenfant (Paris: Cercle d’Art, 2001), p. 44, points out: “Traces of the rapprochement between the two artists appear in a letter dated May 5 1917, then in a second letter addressed by LC to Oz on May 231917.” The first letter, apparently from Ozenfant, seems to show that Le Corbusier is trying to see him (“my time has been much taken up recently. Now there’s a free moment & I’d be delighted to have a visit. I’m never free afternoons, and you say that you yourself prefer mornings: all for the best. Would you like to come Friday morning? I’m at work at 8, and I’ll expect you then”). Ozenfant is therefore not in error when he writes, “In May 1917 I finally met Charles-Edouard Jeanneret” (Mémoires, p. 101). Yet their success in seeing each other—following that lunch—probably occurred only later in 1917, since Jeanneret did not mention Ozenfant in letters to either Ritter or his parents until the start of 1918.
6. Gauthier, Le Corbusier ou l’architecture au service de l’homme, p. 41.
7. Amédée Ozenfant, Foundations of Modern Art (New York: Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1931), p. 325.
8. Amédée Ozenfant, “Notes sur le cubisme,” in L’Elan 10, December 1916, quoted in Le Corbusier, une encyclopédie (Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1987), p. 280.
9. R3-19-214 to 219, letter and diary to Ritter, March 14, 1918, Paris.
10. R1-6-13 to 15, letter to parents, February 17, 1918, Paris.
11. R3-19-214 to 219, letter and diary to Ritter, March 14, 1918, Paris.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. R1-6-18, letter to parents, March 12, 1918, Paris.
15. R1-6-19 to 21, letter to parents, March 16, 1918, Paris.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. R3-19-222 to 230, letter to Ritter, March 23, 1918, Paris.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. R3-19-233 to 244, letter to Ritter, December 5, 1918, Paris.
27. R1-6-13 to 15, letter to parents, February 17, 1918, Paris.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. R3-19-249 to 266, letter and diary to Ritter, June 18, 1918, Paris.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Brooks, Le Corbusier’s Formative Years, chap. 9, pt. III.
38. R1-10-414, letter to Albert Jeanneret, June 16, 1918, Paris.
39. Ibid.
40. R1-6-29 to 31, letter to parents, June 16, 1918, Paris.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. R3-19-249 to 266, letter and diary to Ritter, June 18, 1918, Paris.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
CHAPTER XV
1. R3-19-268 to 283, letter and diary to Ritter, August 2, 1918, Paris.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. R3-19-288 to 291, letter to Ritter, October 1, 1918, Paris.
12. R3-19-284 to 285, postcard to Ritter, September 3, 1918, Paris.
13. R3-19-322 to 332, letter to Ritter, January 20, 1919, Saint-Nazaire; diary for October 23, 1918.
14. Ibid.
15. Amédée Ozenfant and Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, Après le Cubisme, Commentaires sur l’art et la vie moderne, vol. 1 (Paris: Editions des Commentaires, 1918).
16. R3-19-288 to 291, letter to Ritter, October 1, 1918, Paris.
17. R3-19-322 to 332, letter to Ritter, January 20, 1919, Paris.
18. Ibid.
19. R1-6-44, letter to parents, November 21, 1918, Paris.
CHAPTER XVI
1. Ozenfant and Jeanneret, Après le Cubisme, pp. 11, 27.
2. Ibid., p. 147.
3. Ibid., pp. 152, 157, 158, 161, 163.
4. R3-19-322 to 332, letter and diary to Ritter, January 20, 1919, Paris; diary of November 12, 1918.
5. R3-19-312 to 314, letter to Ritter, November 20, 1918, Paris.
6. R3-19-315 to 317, letter to Ritter, December 19, 1918, Saint-Nazaire.
7. R1-6-19 to 21, letter to parents, March 16, 1918, Paris.
8. R3-19-315 to 317, letter to Ritter, December 19, 1918, Saint-Nazaire.
9. Ozenfant, Mémoires, p. 103.
10. R3-19-322 to 332, letter and diary to Ritter, January 20, 1919, Paris; diary of January 1, 1919.
11. R1-6-49 to 51, letter to parents, January 9, 1919, Paris.
12. Ibid.
13. R1-6-52, letter to father, January 25, 1919, Paris. Various books claim that Jeanneret renounced architecture between 1918 and 1922 to pursue painting. Statements of this sort more than disprove the point, even if there was a hiatus in the completion of his buildings.
14. Ibid.
15. R3-19-322 to 332, letter and diary to Ritter, January 20, 1919, Paris.
16. Gauthier, Le Corbusier ou l’architecture au service de l’homme, pp. 61–63.
17. R1-6-56 to 58, letter to parents, March 10, 1919, Paris.
18. Ibid.
19. R3-19-335 to 339, letter to Ritter, April 10, 1919, Paris.
20. R1-6-61 to 62, letter to parents, May 9, 1919, Paris.
CHAPTER XVII
1. G1-6-164 to 167, letter to Ozenfant, June 9, 1919, Paris.
2. Ibid.
3. R1-6-76, letter to parents, November 5, 1919, Paris.
4. R1-6-83 to 84, letter to parents, January 24, 1920, Paris.
5. R1-6-89, letter to parents, April 20, 1920, Paris.
6. R3-19-365 to 367, letter to Ritter, June 19, 1920, Paris.
7. Ibid.
8. Quoted in Carlos S. Eliel, ed., L’Esprit Nouveau, Purism in Paris, 1918–1925 (Los Angeles: LACMA, 2001), p. 25.
9. Ibid., p. 24.
10. R3-19-372 to 374, letter to Ritter, January 30, 1921, Paris.
11. Ibid.
CHAPTER XVIII
1. Le Corbusier, Le Modulor, p. 27.
2. R3-19-372 to 374, letter to Ritter, January 30, 1921, Paris.
3. Ibid.
4. R3-19-375 to 378, letter to Ritter, March 11, 1921, Paris.
5. Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today, trans. James I. Dunnett (London: Architectural Press, 1987/1998), p. 111.
6. R3-19-375 to 378, letter to Ritter, March 11, 1921, Paris.
7. Gauthier, Le Corbusier ou l’architecture au service de l’homme, p. 45.
8. R3-19-375 to 378, letter t
o Ritter, March 11, 1921, Paris.
CHAPTER XIX
1. Gauthier, Le Corbusier ou l’architecture au service de l’homme, p. 47.
2. Le Corbusier–Saugnier, “Maisons en série,” L’Esprit Nouveau 13, December 1921, p. 1538.
3. Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1: 1910–1929 (Zurich: Les Editions d’Architecture, 1974), p. 31.
4. R3-19-385 to 386, letter to Ritter, July 30, 1921, Paris.
5. Ibid.
6. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 34.
7. From Bulletin, quoted in Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 34.
8. William J. R. Curtis, Le Corbusier: Ideas and Form (Oxford: Phaidon, 1986), p. 61.
9. Norma Evenson, Le Corbusier: The Machine and the Grand Design (New York: Braziller, 1969), p. 17.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Interview with Vincent Scully, August 28, 2002.
13. R3-19-389 to 392, letter to Ritter, April 7, 1922, Paris.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. R3-19-395 to 396, letter to Ritter, June 21, 1922, Paris.
18. R3-19-397 to 398, postcard to Ritter, September 16, 1922, Venice.
19. R3-19-399 to 400, postcard to Ritter, September 22, 1922, Venice.
CHAPTER XX
1. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, pp. 55, 56.
2. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 12.
3. R1-12-5, letter to Yvonne, September 27, 1922, Brent-sur-Montreux.
4. R1-12-2, letter to Yvonne, August 23, 1922, Vevey.
5. Ibid.
6. R1-12-3, letter to Yvonne, September 21, 1922, Vincenne.
7. Ibid.
8. R1-12-6, letter to Yvonne, August 27, 1923, Blonay, Les Chábles.
9. R1-12-6, letter to Yvonne, August 27, 1923, Blonay, Les Chábles.
10. R1-12-8, letter to Yvonne, December 24, 1923, Blonay, Les Chables.
CHAPTER XXI
1. R1-6-188, letter to parents, November 27, 1921, Paris.
2. Tim Benton, The Villas of Le Corbusier, 1920–1930 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), p. 69.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 63.
6. Interview with Violaine de Montmollin, February 19, 2000.
7. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 60.
8. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 65.
9. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 64.
10. Le Corbusier, Toward a New Architecture, p. 1.
11. Ibid., p. 3.
CHAPTER XXII
1. R3-19-401, letter to Ritter, March 10, 1924, Paris.
2. Jerzy Soltan, “Working with Le Corbusier,” in Le Corbusier, ed. H. Allen Brooks (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), p. 1.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 2.
5. R1-6-99, letter to parents, June 25, 1924, Avignon.
6. R1-12-9, letter to Yvonne, December 28, 1923, Les Chables.
7. R1-12-13, letter to Yvonne, September 11, 1924, business trip to Brittany.
8. R3-19-405 to 407, letter to Ritter, February 24, 1925, Prague.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Le Corbusier, The City of To-morrow and Its Planning, trans. John Rooker (London: Architectural Press, 1929), p. xxiii.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. xxiii, xxiv.
14. A2-14-305, letter to M. Vaneck, March 2, 1925, Brno.
15. Le Corbusier, The City of To-morrow and Its Planning, p. 231, n. 2.
16. Ibid., p. 287.
17. Ibid., p. 288.
18. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 104.
19. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 59.
20. Ibid., p. 61.
21. Eliel, ed., L’Esprit Nouveau, p. 55.
22. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 97.
23. Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today, p. 16.
24. Ibid., p. 17.
25. Ibid., p. 163.
26. T2-20/412, letter from Paul Valéry, 1925.
27. Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today, p. 214.
CHAPTER XXIII
1. R1-6-107 to 108, letter to father, November 29, 1925, Paris.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. R1-12-20, letter to Yvonne, December 24, 1925, Vevey.
5. R1-6-109 to 110, letter to parents, December 31, 1925, Paris.
6. R1-6-111 to 112, letter to mother, January 4, 1925, Paris.
7. R3-19-408 to 411, letter to Ritter, January 18, 1926, Paris.
8. Ibid.
9. R1-12-21, letter to Yvonne, January 11, 1926, Vevey.
10. R3-19-408 to 411, letter to Ritter, January 14, 1926, Paris.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. R1-6-113, letter to mother, January 26, 1926, Paris.
18. Brian Brace Taylor, Le Corbusier et Pessac, 1914–1928 (Paris: Fondation Le Corbusier, 1972), p. 37.
19. Ibid., p. 38.
20. E1-13-11, Blaise Cendrars to Le Corbusier, November 15, 1926, n.p.
21. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 128.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 129, 130.
26. R1-12-22, letter to Yvonne, March 31, 1926, Paris.
27. R1-6-114, letter to mother, March 29, 1926, Paris.
28. R1-6-116, postcard to mother, April 10, 1926, Paris.
29. R1-6-117, letter to mother, April 13, 1926, Paris.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. R1-6-120, letter to mother, April 22, 1926, Paris.
34. R1-6-121, letter to mother, May 1, 1926, Paris.
35. R1-6-125 to 126, letter to mother, May 26, 1926, Paris.
36. R1-6-122, letter to mother, May 5, 1926, Brussels.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. R1-6-125 to 126, letter to mother, May 26, 1926, Paris.
41. Ibid.
42. R1-6-145 to 146, letter to mother, n.d., n.p.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. R1-12-23, letter to Yvonne, July 2, 1926, Vevey.
47. R1-6-130 to 131, letter to mother, July 20, 1926, Paris.
48. Ibid.
49. R1-6-135, letter to mother, August 4, 1926, Le Piquey.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. R1-6-133 to 134, letter to mother, August 18, 1926, Paris.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. R1-6-136, letter to mother, October 9, 1926, Paris.
56. Ibid.
57. R1-6-137, letter to mother, October 25, 1926, Paris.
58. Ibid.
59. R1-6-138, postcard to mother, October 31, 1926, Zurich.
60. R1-6-139, letter to mother, November 29, 1926, Paris.
61. R1-6-142, letter to mother, December 17, 1926, Paris.
62. R1-6-139, letter to mother, November 29, 1926, Paris.
CHAPTER XXIV
1. R1-6-148, letter to mother, January 10, 1927, Paris.
2. Ibid.
3. R1-6-49, letter to mother, February 3, 1927, Paris.
4. R1-6-161 to 162, letter to mother, May 8, 1927, Paris.
5. Ibid.
6. R1-7-42, letter from mother, June 16, 1927, Vevey.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. R1-7-51, letter from mother, September 5, 1927, Vevey.
11. R1-6-165, letter to mother, July 12, 1927, Paris.
12. R1-6-167 to 168, letter to mother, July 29, 1927, Paris.
13. R1-6-154 to 155, letter to mother, March 17, 1927, Paris.
14. R1-6-167 to 168, letter to mother, July 29, 1927, Paris.
15. R1-6-170, lette
r to mother, August 18, 1927, Le Piquey.
16. R1-6-171, letter to mother, August 26, 1927, Paris.
17. R1-12-27, letter to Yvonne, September 22, 1927, Villa Le Lac, Corseaux, via Vevey.
18. Ibid.
19. R1-6-172 to 173, letter to mother, October 6, 1927, Paris.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. R1-12-412 to 416, letter to Ritter, October 13, 1927, Paris.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Files of League of Nations 32/62683/28594 and files of the Geneva State, B.13, November 16, 1927.
30. R1-6-177, letter to mother, December 1, 1927, Paris.
31. Ibid.
32. R1-6-178 to 179, letter to mother, December 16, 1927, Paris.
33. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 1, p. 161.
CHAPTER XXV
1. Charlotte Perriand, Une vie de création (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998), p. 23.
2. Ibid., p. 25.
3. Ibid., pp. 26, 27.
4. Ibid., p. 33.
5. R1-6-151 to 153, letter to mother, March 5, 1927, Paris.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. R1-6-150, letter to mother, February 16, 1927, Paris.
10. R1-6-151 to 153, letter to mother, March 5, 1927, Paris.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. R1-6-156 to 157, letter to mother, March 29, 1927, Paris.
14. R1-6-151 to 153, letter to mother, March 5, 1927, Paris.
15. Ibid.
16. R1-6-154 to 155, letter to mother, March 17, 1927, Paris.
17. R1-6-156 to 157, letter to mother, March 29, 1927, Paris.
18. R1-6-176, letter to mother, November 21, 1927, Paris.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. R1-7-40, letter from mother, November 25, 1927, Vevey.
22. R1-6-177, letter to mother, December 1, 1927, Paris.
23. Ibid.
24. R2-1-2, letter to mother, February 7, 1928, Paris.
25. R2-1-4, letter to mother, February 19, 1928, Paris.
26. R2-1-5, letter to mother, March 3, 1928, Paris.
27. X1-6-25, Paul Bourquin, “Les Idées de M. Le Corbusier. Maisons et cités de demain,” L’Impartial, February 21, 1928, La Chaux-de-Fonds.
28. X1-6-28, Alexandre de Senger, “La Crise dans l’architecture,” Le Bulletin technique de la Suisse romande, February 1928.
29. R2-1-5, letter to mother, March 3, 1928, Paris.
30. R1-7-52, letter from Marie Jeanneret to Albert and Lotti Jeanneret, February 24, 1928, Vevey.
31. Gauthier, Le Corbusier ou l’architecture au service de l’homme, p. 139.
Le Corbusier Page 94