by Daniel Pool
chaperones, 55, 80
chapter houses, 115
charades, 84
Charing Cross, 28
charity-boys, 243
Charles II, King of England, 135
charleys, 135
cheap-jacks, 236–37
Chelsea, 28
Chelsea Hospital, 112
childbirths, deaths in, 187, 234
children, 31, 185, 231–32, 239, 240–43, 245
child-strippers, 231–32
chimneys, 198, 232
chimney sweeps, 232, 239, 241–42
cholera, 31, 203, 210, 246–47
christenings, 113–14
Christmas Carol, A (Dickens), 27, 60, 139, 191–92, 204, 207, 216, 217
Church of England, 112–21
clergy of, 14, 34–35, 44, 46, 50, 101, 114–19, 123, 163, 168
court system of, 112–13, 129, 130, 131, 133–34
educational programs of, 125–26
hierarchy of, 114–16
High Church in, 120, 123
laws of, 127, 129, 133–34
livings of, 115–19, 123, 129
Low Church in, 119–20, 123
marriages approved by, 113, 114, 134, 182–83
parishes of, 167
reform movement in, 119–21
sacraments of, 113–14
tithes for, 88, 113, 115–16
churchwardens, 167, 171
circuit-riding, 128
City of London, 26–28
clarets, 76, 212
cleanliness, 201–3
clerks, articled, 133, 235–36, 240
cloakrooms, 78–79
close carriages, 146, 147
clothing, 203, 213–18, 231–32
coaches, 142–49, 151, 211, 240
coachmen, 221, 222, 223–24
coal, 26, 159–60, 193, 200, 232, 237
coal porters, 237
coal stoves, 30
coal whippers, 237
cobs, 142
coffee, 205, 210
coke, 200
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 150
collations, 116, 117
colliers, 237
“coming out,” 52–53, 70, 224
commerce (card game), 62, 63
commissions, purchase of, 108, 109–10
common law, 127, 128, 129–30, 131, 133, 134
Common Pleas, 127–28, 131, 137
commons, 165–66
communion, 113
confections, 205
Consistory Court, 129, 131, 185
consols (consolidated annuities), 87
constables, 135–36, 167, 169, 170
consumption, 247
Contagious Diseases Acts, 189
conversation, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59–60, 61, 72–73
cooks, 57, 206, 223, 232, 248
copyholds, 165
corn, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 204, 210
coroners, 136
coronets, 35
costards, 237
costermongers, 31, 143, 144, 189, 237, 238
cottagers, 47, 165–66
cottages, 190
countesses, 39, 168
counties, 24–26, 168–70
country, 158–62
daily life in, 53–54, 154–78
gentry in, 46, 163–64, 169–70, 173, 196
houses in, 74, 75, 81–85, 192, 193
social hierarchy in, 163–66
country-dances, 13, 59–60, 61, 80
country house visits, 74, 75, 81–85
counts, 168
county families, 46
Court of Arches, 129, 131
Court of Faculties, 129, 131
Court of Insolvent Debtors, 100
courts, law, 127–34, 194–95, 196
courtship, 180–82
Covent Garden, 189
covert, 172, 175
cravats, 216
creditors, 96–100
cribbage, 63
crime, 134–40
Crimean War, 14, 45, 107, 112, 217
crinolines, 214, 215
crossing sweepers, 31, 237
croup, 247
crowns, 19, 20
cub hunting, 54, 172
curates, 118
currency, 19–21
curricles, 145, 147
dairymaids, 228
Dame, 39
dances, 13, 52, 53, 59–61, 78, 80
David Copperfield (Dickens), 25, 63, 97, 99–100, 133, 144, 168, 188, 208, 226, 231, 235
D.D. (doctor of divinity), 44
deacons, 114, 118
deans, 115, 118
death, 252–55
Debrett’s, 33, 73
debt, debtors, 14, 28, 86–87, 94, 95–100, 139, 140
deeds of settlement, 90, 91–92
deer hunting, 171
Derby, 53
dialects, 127
Dickens, Charles, 145, 187, 220
on card games, 62, 63
education discussed by, 125
Evangelical movement as viewed by, 119
settings for novels of, 24–25
see also specific works
diet, 204–5
digestion, 204, 205
dining rooms, 74, 192
dinner parties, 33–34, 72–77
at country houses, 74, 75, 83
season and, 51, 52
servants for, 76, 218–19
diphtheria, 247
diseases, 31, 203, 210, 246–49
Disraeli, Benjamin, 37, 42
Dissenters, 183
Divorce Act (1857), 186
divorces, 113, 129, 130, 185–86, 188, 245
Docks, the, 29–30
doctors, 40, 46, 49, 249–52
Doctors’ Commons, 129, 133–34, 183, 185, 186, 245
dog roses, 160
dogs, 171, 172, 232
Dombey and Son (Dickens), 40, 95, 97, 98, 205, 231, 238, 249, 251, 252, 254–55
donkeys, 143–44
Dorset, 158, 159
do-si-do, 59, 61
double first, 124
dowagers, 42
Dower Act (1833), 181
Downing Street, 28
dowries, 181
dram shops, 212
drawers, 215
drawing rooms, 73, 77, 191, 192, 228
drays, 145
dress coats, 216
dripping, 223, 232
dropsy, 247–48
D.S.O. (Distinguished Service Order), 45
duchesses, 39
duelling, 134–35
dukes, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 46
Duke’s Children, The (Trollope), 37, 41
dustmen, 230, 231, 232, 237–38
dyspepsia, 248
earls, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 46, 168
earth closets, 202–3
East End, 28
Easter holiday, 52
East India Company, 29, 209, 210
Eaton Hall, 220
ecarte (card game), 62, 63
Edinburgh Review, 103
education, 21–22, 31, 47, 50, 121–27, 205, 224
elections, 101, 105
Eliot, George, 24
Midlands described by, 159, 160
on Westminster Review, 189, 226
see also specific works
Emma (Austen), 48, 59–60, 65, 68, 78, 80, 81, 150–51, 199, 225
enclosures, 24, 47, 101, 160, 170, 174, 244
engagements, 182–83
entail, 85–86, 89–94
envelopes, 151, 152
epergne, 74
epidemics, 31, 88, 203, 210, 246–47
equity, 127, 128, 131, 133
Esq. (esquire), 44
estates:
entail for, 85–86, 89–94
lands of, 35, 85–86, 89–92, 163, 181, 218
primogeniture and, 90, 91
rents of, 49
status and, 48–49
viability of, 36–37
etiquette:
for balls,
80–81
basic, 54–56, 125
for dinner parties, 33–34, 72–74, 77
manuals for, 33, 77, 82, 125, 181, 183, 201, 215, 217
Etiquette of Good Society (Campbell), 84
Eton, 53, 125
euchre, 63–64
Eustace Diamonds, The (Trollope), 36, 47, 49, 51, 94, 104, 105–6, 132, 137, 140, 146, 171, 182, 219, 221, 225
Euston Station, 29
Evangelical movement, 119–20, 187, 188
evidence, 136–38
Exchequer, 39, 127, 128, 131, 137
fairs, 176–78, 236
Far from the Madding Crowd (Hardy), 14, 69, 111, 143, 145, 154, 155, 156, 158, 165, 177, 211, 243, 245, 253
farmers:
daily life of, 154–58
income of, 158–59, 160
tenant, 49, 85, 163, 165, 221
tithes paid by, 88
yeoman, 46, 162, 164–65
farming, 14, 46, 47, 165–66, 177–78, 204, 210
faro, 64
farthings, 19, 20
fashion, 213–18
“father,” 56
faux-noble, 38
fellows, 121, 122, 123
ferrets, 239
Fielding, Henry, 135, 187
Fielding, John, 135
fire screens, 72, 74
fish, 77, 204, 237
flitches, 205
florins, 19, 20
Flying Scotsman, 149
food, 73, 75–77, 203–9, 245
footmen, 76, 220–21, 222, 229
fox hunting, 24, 51, 54, 142, 158, 171–73
Framley Parsonage (Trollope), 56
franking, 150
F.R.C.P. (Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians), 250
freeholds, 165, 173
frock coats, 216–17
frocks, 213
funds (national debt), 86–87
funerals, 252–53
furniture, 197–98, 219
fusiliers, 110
gaiters, 216
galleries, 193
gambling, 63, 64, 82
game, hunting of, 173–76
gamekeepers, 174, 176, 221, 223
games, card, 62–66, 84
gangways, 104
gardeners, 221, 222
gas light, 199, 200, 214
G.C.B. (Grand Commander of the Order of the Bath), 45
geldings, 142
General Post Office, 151
general practitioners, 251
Gent, (gentleman), 44
gentlemen, 44, 47, 49–50
amusements of, 51, 69
clothing for, 73–74, 216–18
etiquette for, 54–55, 125
formal attire for, 73–74
presentation of, at court, 71, 131, 250
spending by, 96
visits by, 68
gentry, 46, 163–64, 169–70, 173, 196
George III, King of England, 23, 45, 101
George IV, King of England, 23
gibbets, 135
gigs, 145, 146, 147
gin, 160, 212
Gladstone, William, 124, 217
glebes, 116
globes, 224
gloves, 74, 79, 215, 217, 232
godparents, 114
gold, 19, 86
Goose Fair, 176
gorse, 161
gout, 26, 248
governesses, 124, 224–26
government:
local, 166–70
national, 101–6
see also House of Commons; House of Lords; Parliament
grammar schools, 125
granges, 195
graveclothes, 254
graveyards, 251, 253–54
Gray’s Inn, 131
Great Expectations (Dickens), 24, 25, 29, 38, 47, 50, 62, 63, 77, 96, 125, 135, 139, 142, 191, 198, 199, 202, 210, 237, 240–41, 246
Greek, 125
Greenwich, 28
Gregorian calendar, 22
grenadiers, 110–11
Gretna Green, 183–84
grooms, 221, 223–24
grouse season, 53–54, 82, 175
growlers, 147
gruel, 13, 203–4
guineas, 19, 20
Habits of Good Society, 82, 215
hackney coaches, 146, 147
half crowns, 19, 20
half-mourning, 254
hacks, 142
half sovereigns, 19, 20
halls, 195, 196
Hampshire, 25
Hampstead, 28
hangings, 134–35, 136, 138, 253
hansom cabs, 142, 147
ha’pence, 19, 20
Hard Times (Dickens), 126, 149, 185
Hardy, Thomas:
execution witnessed by, 138
mother of, 253
railroads described by, 148–49
settings for novels of, 26
see also specific works
harebells, 162
hares, 171
Harrow, 53, 125
harrowing, 156
harvest homes, 157
harvests, 157–58
hats, 215
hawthorn, 160
hay, 157, 211
haymaking, 157
heather, 161–62
heath plant, 161–62
heaths, 160–62
heating, 193, 194
hedgerows, 158, 160
heiresses, 36–37
Henley Regatta, 53
Henry VIII, King of England, 113, 171
Hessians, 217
high-low-jack, 62
hip baths, 193
Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the Use of Young People (Mangnall), 224
hock, 212
homosexuality, 190
Honourable, 41–42, 103
horses, 30, 54, 111, 142–44, 217, 218, 251
hospitals, 250
hounds, 171, 172
Household Troops or Guards, 110
housekeepers, 57, 220, 222, 227, 232
housemaids, 13, 47, 193, 202, 219, 221, 222, 223, 227–28
House of Commons, 38, 101–6, 169–70
House of Lords, 35, 37, 101, 102–3, 104, 106, 115, 163
houses, 190–96
hunters (horses), 142, 173
hunting, 24, 51, 54, 142, 158, 171–76
huntsmen, 172
hussars, 110, 111
hustings, 102
Hyde Park, 28, 51, 142
hygiene, personal, 201–3
Imperial Statute System of Weights and Measures, 23–24
indentures, 239–42
India, 111
indictments, 136
indigestion, 248
industry, 26, 46, 149, 158–59, 160, 174, 242
infantry, 110–11
informants, 136
inheritance, 36, 48–49, 85–86, 89–94, 181–82, 184
Inner Temple, 131
inns, 151, 211
Inns of Court, 131, 133
interest system, 108
invitations, 78
James, Henry, 209
Jane Eyre (C. Brontë), 26, 41–42, 84, 87, 154, 161, 189, 195, 196, 222–23, 224, 226, 246, 249–50, 251, 254
Jews, 183
jobbers, 143
jointure, 182
journeymen, 242
Jude the Obscure (Hardy), 121, 124, 126–27, 183, 207
Julian calendar, 22
justice, 137–39
justices of the peace, 49, 137, 163–64, 168–69, 174
K.B. (knight bachelor; Court of King’s Bench), 45
K.C. (King’s Counsel), 45, 131, 132
K.C.B. (Knight Commander of the Bath), 45
Keble, John, 120, 123
kerosene, 199
K.G. (Knight of the Garter), 45
King’s Bench, 45, 127, 128, 131, 137, 140
King’s Cross station, 29
Kingsley, Charles, 188
kitchenmaids, 221, 222, 228
kitchens, 76, 192, 228
knights, 35, 37, 38, 42, 45, 46, 49, 163
knives, 77,
Kt. (knight), 45
labor, manual, 47–48, 49, 219, 251
laborers, farm, 46, 47, 165–66, 177–78, 204, 210
ladies, 47
addressed as “Lady,” 39, 41, 42, 43
cards left by, 51, 69
“coming out” by, 52–53, 70, 224
conversation with, 51, 52, 54, 55
etiquette for, 55–56
presentation of, at court, 52–53, 70–71
side-saddle riding by, 142–43
Lady Day, 22, 177
lady’s maids, 85, 219, 221, 223, 227, 231
Lambeth Palace, 28, 114
lambs, 156
lancers, 61, 110
land agents, 163, 221
landaus, 145, 146
landlords, 98
Last Chronicle of Barset, The (Trollope), 33–34, 64, 86, 116, 119–20, 137
Latin, 125, 250
law, 21–22, 127–30
lawn (linen), 115, 217
lawn meets, 173
lawyers, 37, 137
types of, 130–34
leaseholds, 165, 166, 173
leases, 97–98
letters, 83, 150–52
libraries, 191
lice, 249
life expectancy, 234–35
life peerages, 35
lighting, 198–200
Lincoln’s Inn, 129, 131
Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 100
linen, 115, 217
ling, 161–62
Little Dorrit (Dickens), 56, 67, 95, 99, 139
Liverpool, 26
livery, 221, 223
livings, 115–19, 123, 129
London, 26–31
as cultural center, 222
fog in, 30, 200
gas light in, 200
living conditions in, 30–31
mortality rate in, 30, 31
neighborhoods of, 28
parishes in, 167
police force in, 135–36
population of, 28
postal system in, 151
railroad terminals in, 28–29
riverfront of, 26, 29–30, 31
season in, 50–54
sewage of, 31, 203
town houses in, 192
London at Dinner, 75
London Bridge, 29
London Gazette, 98
loo (card game), 62, 64
lord chancellors, 35, 37, 128
lord chief justices, 128
lord lieutenants, 163, 168
lords, 35, 39, 41, 42, 43
“madam,” 57
Madeira, 24, 75, 212
maids, 222, 223, 227–29
see also specific types of maids
maids-of-all-work, 47, 193, 219–20, 229
mail, 83, 143, 144, 150–52, 211
mail coaches, 143, 144, 151
maize, 154
malt, 210
“mama,” 56
Manchester, 26
mangel-wurzels, 154
mangles, 203
Mangnall, Miss, 224
manors, 195–96
manservants, 47, 218
Mansfield Park (Austen), 26, 39, 52, 53, 65–66, 80–81, 87, 88, 92, 107, 116–17, 146, 150, 157, 196, 246
man-traps, 174
manure, 30
marchionesses, 39
mares, 142
markets, 176
marquesses, 34, 35, 39, 41, 42, 46