1 Through the carriage’s windows: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:376–77, 391–92; LCA to JQA, February 12, 1815, AFP. For this account of Louisa’s journey, I rely heavily on the extensive and deep research of Michael O’Brien, who impressively reconstructed Louisa’s trip from St. Petersburg to Paris in Mrs. Adams in Winter. She traveled through: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:378, 397. For a rich account of another journey through the Russian winter, see Custine, Letters from Russia. When she reached: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:379–82; O’Brien, Mrs. Adams in Winter, 99–100, 104–7. As she turned: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:384, 386–87, 391. 2 She went straight: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:388–90. But little else: Ibid.; Radziwill, Forty-five Years of My Life, 231–376, 254–56; O’Brien, Mrs. Adams in Winter, 159–63; Clark, Iron Kingdom, 357–59. She had hoped: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:392; O’Brien, Mrs. Adams in Winter, 186, 184; Clark, Iron Kingdom, 373–74. She passed quickly: Alan Schom, One Hundred Days: Napoleon’s Road to Waterloo (New York: Atheneum, 1992), 27–29; “Narrative,” DLCA 1:394. As Louisa advanced: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:396. As she moved through: Ibid., 398–402; O’Brien, Mrs. Adams in Winter, 281–82. At the post house: “Narrative,” DLCA 1:402–5. That evening, John Quincy: Ibid.; DJQA, March 20, 23, 1815. PART SIX: A LITTLE PARADISE
1 Springtime in Paris: Alistair Horne, The Age of Napoleon (New York: Random House, 2006), 178; DJQA, April 21, 23, 1815; Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte (New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1889), 4:152. Their time in Paris: JQA to AA, March 4, 1816, LCA to AA, June 12, July 8, 1815, AFP. She was not looking forward: LCA to AA, June 12, 1815, AFP; DJQA, May 16, 17, 25, 1815. A surprise in London: LCA to AA, June 12, 1815, AA to JQA, March 8, 1815, JA to JQA, March 4, 1811, AFP. The younger boy: JQA to AA, March 25, 1816, Diary of George Washington Adams (hereafter DGWA), December 31, 1825, AFP; DJQA, June monthly summary, 1815. While John Quincy: DJQA, July 21, 28, 29, May monthly summary, 1815. Louisa may have: LCA to AA, July 8, December 23, 1815, AFP. For Ealing, see An American President in Ealing: The John Quincy Adams Diaries, 1815–1817 (Ealing, UK: Little Ealing History Group, 2014); Jonathan Oates, “A Tale of Two Ealings,” Ealing Local History Centre, unpublished paper provided to author. Perhaps it was easier: LCA to AA, April 8, 1816, July 8, 1815, AFP. Ealing, then, was an oasis: DJQA, June monthly summary, 1816; LCA to AA, August 6, 1815, AFP. Rev. John Hewlett recommended: DJQA, August 5, October 4, 1815. For the Great Ealing School, Jonathan Oates, “The Great Ealing School: Myth and Reality,” Ealing Local History Centre, unpublished paper provided to author. At the end of October: DJQA, October 13–14, 23, 25–29, November 14, 23, 1815. She was tireless: LCA to AA, November 27, December 23, 1815, AFP. She was only: LCA to AA, December 23, 1815, AA to LCA, August 8, 1815, AFP. Much of his time: JQA to AA, March 25, 1816, AFP. Their oldest son: DGWA, December 31, 1825; “Obituary—Clergy deceased,” The Gentleman’s Magazine Historical Chronicle 100 (January to June 1830): 186; DJQA, August 10, 1815; Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman During His Life in the English Church (London: Longmans, Green & Co, 1891), 19–20; JA to John Adams II (hereafter JA2), July 31, 1816, JQA to AA, March 25, 1816, AFP. Louisa watched her sons: LCA to AA, January 25, 1816, JQA to AA, June 6, 1816, LCA to AA, September 11, 1816, AFP. “And what are to”: JQA, poem, 1816; LCA, “On the Portrait of My Husband,” 1816, AFP. 2 London had a: LCA to AA, June 7, July 4, 1816, AFP. Once she was: LCA to AA [n.d.], April 8, July 4, 1816, AFP; Heffron, Louisa Catherine, 286. It probably did not: For the Caton sisters, see Jehanne Wake, Sisters of Fortune: America’s Caton Sisters Home and Abroad (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012). DJQA, August 8, 1816; LCA to AA, November 11, 1816, AFP. By October 1816: LCA to AA, July 4, 1816, AFP. More than the inconvenient: DJQA, November 8, 1816; LCA to AA, June 12, 1815, AFP. There may have been: DJQA, October 12, 1816. Some open flirtation: “Gallant” was a noun, adjective, and verb. “I offered my arm and services to our friend Mrs. Storrs,” an American member of the House could write to his wife, “and became her particular Gallant for the evening, attending her wherever she inclined to go, and in thus coursing round the room I had a more intimate serving of the many beauties which adorned each respected group.” (Thomas H. Hubbard to Phebe Guernsey Hubbard, January 7, 1819, Thomas H. Hubbard Papers, LC.) There is no reason: Ellen Nicholas to JQA, August 4, 1817, LCA to JA, December 25, 1818, AFP. Whether or not Louisa: “Diary,” DLCA 2:731. That November, 1816: DJQA, December 24, 1816, February 4, 7, 21, April 7, 14, 28, 1817; LCA to AA, November 11, 1816, AFP. John Quincy stayed: JQA to TBA, February 28, 1817, LCA to AA, August 14, 1817, AFP; Heffron, Louisa Catherine, 295. PART SEVEN: MY CAMPAIGNE
1 The typical mix: Harrison Gray Otis to Sally Foster Otis, February 19, 1819, Harrison Gray Otis Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society; Allgor, Parlor Politics, 110. For an incisive analysis of the so-called etiquette war, see Allgor, Parlor Politics, 149–83. For Washington society in general, see Constance McLaughlin Green, Washington: Village and Capital, 1800–1878 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962), 81–82; James Sterling Young, The Washington Community 1800–1828 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966), 214–18, 223–28. In the Adamses’ parlor: Wake, Sisters of Fortune, 87. Louisa and John Quincy: “Adventures,” DLCA 1:315. So they ignored: LCA to AA, January 23, 1818, LCA to JA, December 10, 1818, AFP; Allgor, Parlor Politics, 165. That chilly night: Harrison Gray Otis to Sally Foster Otis, February 7, 1819, Harrison Gray Otis Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. For all her insistence: Heffron, Louisa Catherine, 299; “Diary,” DLCA 2:543–45, 549; DJQA, January 13–15, 24, 1821. With reliable suddenness: LCA to GWA, April 29, 1821, AFP. For the growing importance of charity work among elite women in the era, see Lori D. Ginzberg, Women and the Work of Benevolence: Morality, Politics, and Class in the Nineteenth-Century United States (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990). JA to LCA, May 25, 1819, AFP. The servants who helped: DJQA, November 28, May 3, and January 10, 1818; LCA to AA, January 1, 1818, AFP. For trouble with servants, see, for instance, JQA to LCA, July 24, 1827, AFP; LCA to AA, January 1, 1818, AFP; DJQA, February 2, 1818. In her attitude toward servants, she was not alone. “It appears that Mr. Adams has some affection for this old servant,” wrote one European visitor who watched John Quincy and Antoine Giusta together and spoke to the valet, “but he is said never to confide in, and to be without exception and according to American custom stern and cold to his servants.” Christian F. Feest, “Lukas Vischer in Washington: A Swiss View of the District of Columbia in 1825,” Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., 49 (1973/1974): 105. So there was a hectic: LCA to AA, January 23, 1818, AFP; DJQA, December 23, 27, 1819; JQA to Daniel D. Tompkins, December 29, 1819, AFP; Green, Washington, 81; Allgor, Parlor Politics, 120–23; The Papers of Henry Clay: Presidential Candidate, 1821–1824, ed. James F. Hopkins and Mary W. M. Hargreaves (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1961), 3:200. “The ettiquette question”: “Diary,” DLCA 2:447; JA to LCA, January 13, 1820, AFP; Boston Courier, January 6, 1825, quoted in Connecticut Herald, January 18, 1825; LCA to AA, January 27, 1818, AFP. Her commitment to: Margaret Hall, The Aristocratic Journey, ed. Una Pope-Hennessy (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1931), 168. Her critics saw: Ibid.; Feest, “Lukas Vischer in Washington,” 105; LCA to AA, February 16, 1818, AA to LCA, January 3, 1818, AFP. Her relationship with Abigail: “Diary,” DLCA 2:713; AA to LCA, January 3, 1818, AFP. Abigail died of typhoid: “Diary,” DLCA 2:713, 669. John Quincy’s work: Kaplan, John Quincy Adams, 330–38; Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 108; “Diary,” DLCA 2:540. Louisa complained about: “Diary,” DLCA 2:459; LCA to JA2, July 5, 1821, AFP. She knew there was: LCA to JA, January 7, 1819, AFP. During her second year: For dinner parties, see, for instance, “Diary,” DLCA 2:430. That obfuscation that:
Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 206–8; DJQA, March 18, 1818; Lynn Hudson Parsons, John Quincy Adams (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001), 166. John Quincy was content: JQA to James Tallmadge, March 12, 1824, Adams Family Letters, 1673–1954, Mss. boxes A, American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA. While the other candidates: Feest, Lukas Vischer in Washington, 101; Louis McLane to Catherine McLane, December 19, 1817, Louis McLane Correspondence, Manuscript Division, LC; DJQA, June 4, 1819. It was possible: “Mrs. Adams,” The Huntress, June 2, 1849; “Diary,” DLCA 2:640, 448. Louisa once wrote: LCA to AA, January 11, 1818, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:444. 2 It was her campaign: “Diary,” DLCA 2:444, 440; Margaret Bayard Smith to Jane B. Kirkpatrick, March 13, 1814, First Forty Years of Washington Society, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons), 96–97. For discussions of women in Washington and their indirect participation in politics, see Allgor, Parlor Politics; Allgor, A Perfect Union, 152–53; Fredrika J. Teute, “Roman Matron on the Banks of Tiber Creek: Margaret Bayard Smith and the Politicization of Spheres in the Nation’s Capital,” in A Republic for the Ages; Jan Lewis, “Politics and the Ambivalence of the Private Sphere: Women in Early Washington, D.C.,” in A Republic for the Ages. John Quincy needed: “Diary,” DLCA 2:457; Harrison Gray Otis to Sally Foster Otis, January 1, 1821, Harrison Gray Otis Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. Her weekly parties: John W. Taylor to Jane Taylor, December 10, 1822, John W. Taylor Letters, 1859–1863, New-York Historical Society. The setup of Louisa’s parties may have been something she picked up in Europe. Mary Bagot, the wife of the British minister, was struck by the practice at Mrs. Madison’s levees of men clustering in the center in the middle of rooms while women hugged the walls. David Hosford and Mary Bagot, “Exile in Yankeeland: The Journal of Mary Bagot, 1816–1819,” Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 51 (1984), 35. Young women from Philadelphia,: Thomas H. Hubbard to Guernsey Phebe Hubbard, December 25, 1817, Thomas H. Hubbard Papers, LC; LCA to JA, December 22, 1818, AFP. It took work: “Diary,” DLCA 2:654; LCA to JQA, September 9, 1819, AFP; LCA dress, First Ladies Collection, Div. of Political History, Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. She made do: LCA to JA2, August 8, 1820; “Diary,” DLCA 2:517; DJQA, June 8, 16, September 14, November 14, 1820. Both Louisa and John Quincy: “Diary,” DLCA 2:418; Recollections of the wife of an aide to General Jacob Brown, Moore family papers, 1751–1939, Kroch Library Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University. Not everyone admired: Harrison Gray Otis to Sophia Gray, November 18, 1818, Harrison Gray Otis Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society; Allgor, Parlor Politics, 106; LCA to JA, January 8, 1819, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:556; LCA to JA, January 8, 1819, AFP. She was not as sweet: Dolley Payne Madison to Sarah Coles Stevenson, ca. February 1820, in David B. Mattern and Holly C. Shulman, eds., The Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2003), 239, quoted in O’Brien, Mrs. Adams in Winter, 121; Harrison Gray Otis to Sophia Gray, November 18, 1818, Harrison Gray Otis Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. She had to expect: AA to LCA, March 17, 1818, AFP. She asked him questions: LCA to JA, November 5, 1821, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:486; LCA to AA, January 13, 1818, AFP. She sometimes wrote: LCA to JA2, April 10, 1819, LCA to GWA, May 11, 1818, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:433 She tended to read: LCA to CFA, April 4, 1818, LCA to JA2, December 22, 1818, LCA to CFA, April 6, 1818, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:481. Her reading was: JA to LCA, April 8, 1819, LCA to JA2, April 10, 1819, LCA to CFA, June 6, 1836, AFP. Motherhood was her excuse: LCA to GWA, May 16, 1819, JA to LCA, June 11, 1819, AFP. She was by no means: LCA to CFA, August 30, 1822, AFP. Her writing strengthened: LCA to GWA, November 13, 1817, GWA to LCA, May 6, 1825, AFP. So did her father-in-law: Quoted in Ellis, Passionate Sage, 198; JA to LCA, April 2, 1819, January 14, 1823, AFP. “Write without fear”: LCA to Mary Hellen, September 3, 1819, LCA to JQA, August 8, 1822, JQA to LCA, August 12, 1822, AFP. These exchanges turned: For the connection to Davila, I am indebted to Robert F. Sayre, “Autobiography and the Making of America,” Iowa Review 9 (Spring 1978): 6–7. 3 There was one subject: “Diary,” DLCA 2:444; JA to LCA, December 23, 1819, AFP. For a provocative and convincing revisionist history of the Missouri Compromise, see Robert Pierce Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007). Slaves served Louisa: Alison Mann, “Slavery Exacts an Impossible Price: John Quincy Adams and the Dorcas Allen Case, Washington, D.C.” (Ph.D. diss., University of New Hampshire, 2010), 117–19; Thomas H. Hubbard to Guernsey Phebe Hubbard, December 11, 1821, Thomas H. Hubbard Papers, LC; Harriet Martineau, Retrospect of Western Travel: Volume 1 (Carlisle, MA: Applewood Books, 1838), 144. For slavery in Washington, see: William C. Allen, Henry Chase, and Robert J. Kapsch, “Building Liberty’s Capital,” American Visions 10:1 (February–March 1995): 8–15; Walter Johnson, Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 7; Don E. Fehrenbacher, “The Missouri Controversy and the Sources of Southern Sectionalism,” in The Confederate Experience Reader, ed. John D. Fowler (New York: Routledge, 2007), 60, 67.: For my discussion of the Adamses’ relationships to slaves and slavery throughout this book, I am especially indebted to Mann’s research. New York, of course: A gradual emancipation law was passed in 1799. In 1817, New York freed slaves born before 1799—but not until 1827. Not everyone who came: Jesse Torrey, A Portraiture of Domestic Slavery in the United States (Philadelphia: John Bioren, 1817); John Davis, “Eastman Johnson’s Negro Life at the South and Urban Slavery in Washington, D.C.,” The Art Bulletin 80:1 (March 1998): 71. See also Paul Finkelman, “Slavery in the Shadow of Liberty: The Problem of Slavery in Congress and the Nation’s Capital,” in In the Shadow of Freedom: The Politics of Slavery in the National Capital, ed. Paul Finkelman and Donald R. Kennon (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2011). In this, he was braver: Memoir of John Quincy Adams, 5:210. For the Missouri Compromise, see Fehrenbacher, “The Missouri Controversy and the Sources of Southern Sectionalism”; Robert Pierce Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007); William W. Freehling, Prelude to Civil War: The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina, 1816–1836 (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1965). In his diary: Edinburgh Review 30 (June 1818): 146; Edinburgh Review 31 (December 1818): 148; Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America, 34–35. But John Quincy: DJQA, February 24, 1820; Edinburgh Review 30 (June 1818): 146; Edinburgh Review 31 (December 1818): 148; Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, 5:210; Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America, 34–35. Still, John Quincy: Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, 5:54; LCA to JQA, January 26, 1820, AFP. She was relieved: “Diary,” DLCA 2:481–82. Her discomfort may: 1820 U.S. Census, “John Quincy Adams,” Washington Ward 3, District of Columbia, accessed through Ancestry.com; Mann, “Slavery Exacts an Impossible Price,” 120. The most likely: “Diary,” DLCA 2:664; Wake, Sisters of Fortune, 27; Dorothy S. Provine, ed., District of Columbia Free Negro Registers, 1821–1861 (Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1996), 92; Mann, “Slavery Exacts an Impossible Price,” 111–12; DJQA, January 24, 1843. John Quincy later insisted: “Diary,” DLCA 2:530, 482. 4 Because March 4, 1821: DJQA, March 5, 1821. There were strong signs: Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 92–93; Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Presidency of James Monroe (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996), 112–13. That night the Adamses: “Diary,” DLCA 2:571. Louisa watched Elizabeth: LCA to Thomas Johnson, August 17, 1818, AFP; Louis McLane to Catherine McLane, January 8, 1822, Louis McLane Correspondence, Manuscript Division, LC. She began to withdraw: “Diary,” DLCA 2:595; LCA to JA2,
June 19, 1821, AFP. The prospects of: JQA to JA2, December 16, 1821, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:618. She was in fact: “Diary,” DLCA 2:615–16. What drew her: LCA to JQA, June 25, 1822, AFP. The health problems: LCA to JQA, September 16, 19, 1822, Joseph Hopkinson to LCA, January 1, 1803, AFP. Philadelphia was no longer: Memoir, Autobiography, and Correspondence of Jeremiah Mason (Kansas City, MO: Lawyers International Publishing Co., 1917), 281. Louisa’s letters to John Quincy: LCA to JQA, August 7, 1822, AFP. For political news and reports of visits from politicians, see, for instance, LCA to JQA, August 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1822, AFP. Her tone swung: LCA to JQA, September 9, August 18, 1822, AFP. But it wasn’t all comic: LCA to JQA, July 8, August 7, 1822, AFP. He took the side: LCA to JQA, August 8, 1822, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:581. It was not: “Introduction,” Diary of Charles Francis Adams, ed. Aida DiPace Donald and David Donald (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1964), 1:xxxi. (Hereafter, DCFA.) For an incisive look at the role of sensibility in the “social regeneration” during the American Revolution, see Sarah Knott, Sensibility and the American Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009). Back and forth: JQA to LCA, September 6, 1822, LCA to JQA, August 31, 1822, AFP. Their union was: JQA to LCA, July 26, 1822, LCA to JQA, August 3, 1822, AFP. When the subject: LCA to JQA, July 8, 1822, AFP. “I have told you”: JQA to LCA, July 10, 1822, LCA to JQA, July 31, October 2, 1822, AFP. Just before she: JQA to LCA, October 7, 1822, AFP. The truth was different: Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 19. One man who knew: DJQA, March 3, 9, 1821, July 11, 1822. That was the story: JQA to LCA, October 7, 1822, AFP. 5 On New Year’s Day: LCA to JA, January 1, 1823, AFP. A few days later: Joseph Hopkinson to LCA, January 1, 1823, AFP. She would have: “Diary,” DLCA 2:438, 747, 641. Whether she would: Ibid., 664, 669, 670n2. More than two hundred years: Rosemarie Zagarri, Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), 30–34, 154, 6. “Kings are made”: For two sweeping, divergent but complementary accounts of the vast transformations of the social, economic, and political landscape, see Howe, What Hath God Wrought, and Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy. A woman was always: “Diary,” DLCA 2:464, 525, 669. The knocks on: DCFA 1: December 26, 1823. It was tiresome: “Diary,” DLCA 2:665, 430; Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy, 313–16; “Diary,” DLCA 2:411. Jackson was a force: Robert Vincent Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821 (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 378; “Diary,” DLCA 2:678. Things were changing: Lynn Hudson Parsons, Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and the Election of 1828 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 45; Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, 242, 246; DJQA, March 27, 1824. For the maneuvering of Jackson’s entry into the race, see Charles Grier Sellers Jr., “Jackson Men with Feet of Clay,” American Historical Review 62 (1957): 357–61. Ladies climbed on top: “Letters of Hon. Elijah H. Mills,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 29 (1881–1882): 40; DCFA 1: January 5, 6, 8, 1824; “Diary,” DLCA 2:680–88; LCA to GWA, January 1, 1824, AFP. Now, she did not need: Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison: Wife of James Madison (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1886), 169; DCFA 1: January 8, 1824; “Poetry,” Metropolitan, January 13, 1824 (reprinted widely from the Washington Republican, January 8, 1824). It was half past: DCFA 1: January 8, 1824; “Letters of Hon. Elijah H. Mills,” 40; DJQA, January 6, 8, 1824; “Diary,” DLCA 2:688. 6 Often, there were: JA to JQA, May 20, 1818, AFP; DCFA 1: September 23, 8, May 10, 1824; LCA to JA2, May 6, 1822, LCA to CFA, May 6, 1822, AFP. George and John: Quoted in Nagel, John Quincy Adams, 279; LCA to JA2, May 11, 1823, AFP. “My children seem”: “Diary,” DLCA 2:519; LCA to GWA, February 12, 1824, AFP; DCFA 1: September 6, 1824. Louisa worried, too: Nathaniel Frye to Duncan Stewart, April 23, 1827, Herbert Battles Tanner Family Papers, 1790–1972, Wisconsin Historical Society, Library-Archives Division; “Diary,” DLCA 2:494; LCA to AA, February 10, 1818, AFP. Even the success: DCFA 1: January 31, 1824. Louisa sat for two: Oliver, Portraits of John Quincy Adams and His Wife, 81–87, 102–6. Her friends, she acknowledged: Recollections of the wife of an aide to General Jacob Brown, Moore family papers, 1751–1939, Kroch Library Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University; LCA to JA2, July 18, 1823, LCA to GWA, November 28, 1824, AFP. Finally, the election: Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 208; Parsons, Birth of Modern Politics, 83. John Quincy dropped: Smith, First Forty Years of Washington Society, 170; Louis McLane to Catherine McLane, December 24, 1824, January 29, 1825, Louis McLane Correspondence, Manuscript Division, LC; LCA to GWA, December 14, 1824, AFP. At six o’clock: “Diary,” DLCA 2:488, 657–58. That January night: Louis McLane to Catherine McLane, January 13, 1825, Louis McLane Correspondence, Manuscript Division, LC; DJQA, January 9, 1825; JQA to GWA, November 28, 1827, AFP. There has been a massive amount written about the meeting between JQA and Henry Clay, including James F. Hopkins, “Election of 1824,” History of Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and Fred L. Israel (New York: Chelsea House, 1971), 349–409; David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, Henry Clay: The Essential American (New York: Random House, 2010), 179–80; Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York: W. W. Norton 1987), 251–72; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 247–48. Did his wife know: LCA, “Metropolitan Kaleidoscope,” AFP; DJQA, February 8, 1825. Exactly what Louisa said: JA to LCA, March 30, 1825, AFP; DJQA, February 9, 1825; Louis McLane to Catherine McLane, February 12, 1825, Louis McLane Correspondence, Manuscript Division, LC; Heidler and Heidler, Henry Clay, 185. On Thursday, March 3: DJQA, March 4, 1825; “Inaugural Address of John Quincy Adams,” March 4, 1825, in the Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, Yale Law School, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/qadams.asp, accessed May 10, 2015; Independent Chronicle & Boston Patriot, March 12, 1825. PART EIGHT: A BIRD IN A CAGE
Louisa Page 45