Erikson, Erik, 46
Esenin, Sergei, 87
Eskimo tribes:
Canadian Inuit suicides, 260–61
traditional suicide practices of, 134, 186, 431
Esquirol, Jean-Étienne, 178–79, 180, 181
“Essay on Suicide” (Berdyaev), 415
Ethical Society Agency for Suicidal Persons, 293
Ethiopians, 431
eugenics movement, 471, 577n
Euripides, 233
Eusebius of Caesarea, 153
euthanasia:
abuse potential of, 420–37, 444–45
for animals, 366, 415, 436
autonomy concerns in, 4, 418–19, 424, 425, 435–36
British activism on, 366–67, 393, 394, 400–401, 403–4
bureaucratization of, 444–45
case history of, 446–52
in classical civilization, 365–66
criminal penalties for aid in, 363, 375, 376, 382–83, 385, 389–90, 394, 396, 403–4, 572n
of depressed persons, 418, 420, 425–26, 428, 429–30
disability community attitudes toward, 367, 421, 435–36, 577n
elderly wishes for, 4, 363, 395, 426, 446–52
etymology of, 365, 367
without explicit request, 423–25, 426
failed attempts of, 388–89, 392, 448
family assistance in, 363, 364
financial motivations of, 432–35
history of, 365–68
legalization of, 364, 366–67, 384, 385–91, 394–95, 405, 407, 410–11, 420, 423–31, 436, 442, 450, 572n–73n, 576n
literary portrayals of, 443–44
manuals on, 398–403, 409, 573n
mercy killing vs., 570n
methods of, 375–76, 377, 378, 379, 389, 392, 393–94, 397, 398–403, 408, 409–10, 411, 448, 450, 452
Nazi mass murder vs., 367, 413, 421, 422, 570n, 577n
in Netherlands, 377, 389–91, 421, 422–26, 573n
palliative care vs., 424, 441–42
passive, 369–75, 570n
physical limitations on, 363, 389, 396
physician-assisted, 366, 375, 376–91, 423–31, 441–42, 450, 571n–72n, 576n–77n
physicians’ resistance to, 388, 416–17, 428
in primitive societies, 364, 365, 431
public acceptance of, 383, 435
religious views of, 160, 370, 414–15, 416, 425
slippery-slope argument against, 420–21, 422–23
social inequality and, 434–35
as social service, 415–16, 432–33, 434, 445
statutory prohibition of, 375, 378, 382–83
suicide prevention experts on, 575n
suicide rates vs., 426
terminology developed on, 367, 419
ulterior motives of second party in, 418, 422, 424, 425, 430
voluntary, 375, 388–91
see also right to die
“Euthanasia” (Williams), 366
Euthanasia Research and Guidance Organization (ERGO), 409
Euthanasia Society of America, 436
Evans, Dana (fictitious name), 93–94, 97–110, 121, 130
Evans, James, Jr., 253–54
Evans, Mary Ann (George Eliot), 49
executioners, 250
exhibitionism, suicidal, 151, 341–42
Exit, 400–402, 403, 404
Exit Guide Program, 411–12
Faber, M. D., 160–61
Faerie Queene, The (Spenser), 160
Falret, Jean-Pierre, 179, 180, 181
family history, suicide in, 197–98, 199, 200, 470–72, 495, 554n
family life:
contemporary breakdown of, 51–53, 186
as protective factor, 45
Victorian respectability and, 471
Fanny and Alexander, 518
Farber, Maurice, 205
Farberow, Norman, 351
background of, 296
on group therapy, 324
on hospitalization, 332
on motivation of suicide, 96
psychological autopsies developed by, 301, 302
research studies of, 239, 296–97, 301, 330
suicide prevention work of, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303–4, 308
on suicidology literature, 306
Farr, William, 88
Fast, Irene, 498
fatalistic suicide, 255
Fawcett, Jan, 563n
FDA, 321
Fedden, Henry Romilly, 134, 182, 472, 547n, 561n
Federal Witness Protection Program, 223
Feltz, Arlene, 514
Ferriar, John, 366
feudalism, 155, 467
Fieger, Geoffrey, 379, 383
Field, Marshall, 295
Fieve, Ronald, 569n
films, suicide portrayed in, 87–88, 90–91, 141, 523
Final Exit (Humphry), 3, 399–400, 401, 404, 405, 409, 422, 432
Final Exit Network, 410–12
financial concerns, suicides motivated by, 166–67, 249, 293, 431–35
Finland, suicides of, 164, 246
Fishbain, David, 274
Fisher, Mark, 116
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), 195–96, 197, 200, 201
Flaubert, Gustave, 153, 176, 177, 531–32
Fletcher, Joseph, 368, 369, 375, 386, 415, 416
Florence, Italy, Duomo in, 341
Florida, high suicide rates of, 247, 249
fluoxetine (Prozac), 3, 319, 321, 322–23
Fodéré, 184
Foley, Kathleen, 429, 441
Fonda, Peter, 474
“For Black Poets Who Think of Suicide” (Knight), 255
Four Winds, 106–10
Fox, Sandra, 497, 498–99, 581n
France:
religious fanaticism in, 155, 468–69
right-to-die movement in, 402–3
Romantic movement in, 175–76
suicide penalties in, 164, 168, 172–73, 466, 467, 468
suicide rate of, 183
Franklin, Benjamin, 366
Frazer, James, 151
Frederick, Calvin, 43, 51, 239–40, 295, 418
Freedom to Die (Humphry and Clement), 434
Freeman, Walter Jackson, 251
free will, 159, 167–68, 171–72, 186, 354, 357, 418
Freud, Martha Bernays, 188
Freud, Sigmund, 86, 204, 251
on accidents, 269–70
aggression theory of, 188, 189–90
death instinct posited by, 189–90, 205, 269–70
on depression, 41, 205
euthanasia of, 389
on grief, 487, 488, 531
on self-destructive tendencies, 269–70, 276
on suicide, 133–34, 188–89, 194, 224–25, 236, 252, 325, 551n
on war, 275
Freudians, 47
Freund, Andy, 215–16, 217, 218, 219
Freund, Jane, 214–15, 216, 217–18, 219–20
Friedenthal, Richard, 87
Friendship Line, 439
Fulbecke, William, 165
Funeral, The (Erasmus), 159
Furst, Sidney, 237
Gall, Franz Joseph, 178
Gandhi, Mohandas, 415
Garbesi, Curt, 417
Gardner, Bruce, 224
Garfinkel, Barry, 44
gas, suicides by, 235, 238, 346, 354, 379, 410, 570n
geese, bereavement behavior observed in, 489
general practitioners (GPs), 331–32, 566n
“Gentle Death, A,” 405
Gerbner, George, 54
geriatric patients, 438–39
see also elderly
Germany:
Nazi regime of, 222, 293, 367, 413, 421, 422, 444, 560n, 570n, 577n
romantic movement in, 175
suicide rates of, 183, 246
ghosts, protection rituals for, 131–33, 134, 144, 155, 467
Gibbon, Edward, 547n
Gibbs, Jack, 204
Gibson, Paul, 264–65
<
br /> Giffin, Mary, 96
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 415–16
Gilmore, Gary, 276
Giotto, 341
Giraudoux, Jean, 123
Girl, Interrupted (Kaysen), 250, 333
Girsh, Faye, 408
gisei-shi, 139
Godwin, Fanny Imlay, 241–42
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 86–87, 88, 168, 175, 180
Goffman, Erving, 303
Goin, Marcia, 315
Golden Gate Bridge, 238, 340–41, 342–46, 349, 353, 567n
Good, Janet, 379–80, 572n, 577n
Good Euthanasia Guide, The (Humphry), 409, 436–37
Good Life/Good Death (Barnard), 374
Goths, 134
Gould, Madelyn, 44, 48, 542n–43n
GPs (general practitioners), 331–32, 566n
Grace Community Church of the Valley, 337
grandmothers, 256
Grateful Dead, 242
Graunt, John, 182–83
“Grave, The” (Blair), 174
Gray Panthers, 395
Great Depression, 187, 247
Greek culture:
stigma in, 467
on suicide, 144–48, 156, 159, 186, 233, 267, 365, 367, 443, 550n
Greene, Graham, 274
Greer, Ina May, 492
Gregory, Dick, 252
Gregory, G., 469, 561n
Greyhound therapy, 336
greylag geese, bereavement behaviors observed in, 489
grief, 481–501
anger connected with, 491–92, 500, 520
animal reactions of, 489
children’s experiences of, 497–99, 581n
depression vs., 484, 487, 488–89
diminution of, 531–33, 535–36
duration of, 487, 488–89, 517–18
family members’ support in, 479, 481, 482
mortality risk increased by, 487–88
physical manifestations of, 485
range of reactions to, 487, 581n
as selfish, 452
sex differences in process of, 487–88
stages of, 488
suicide risk increased by, 495
support groups on, 474, 512–17, 521–25
systematic research on, 487–89
unresolved, 489, 498
Griffiths (1823 English suicide), 131, 132
Grollman, Earl, 336–37
Grotius, Hugo, 163
group therapy, 107–8, 324, 333
Guerry, M. A., 184, 250
Guide to Self-Deliverance, A, 401, 403
Guillotin, Joseph, 173
guilt:
as child-rearing tactic, 245
of recovery from grief, 532
of surviving family members, 455, 473, 482, 483, 490–92, 495, 504–5, 516, 520, 532
Guislain, Joseph, 180
gun ownership, 54, 56–57, 220, 234, 235, 347–49, 568n, 569n
Guyana, collective suicides in, 85, 90, 186, 413, 567n
Hackethal, Julius, 397
Halley’s comet, 84
Hamilton, Donald, 43
Hamilton, Gregory, 434
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 114, 161, 165, 167, 267
handguns, restrictions on, 347–49
hanging, 237–38, 347, 504
hara-kiri, 137
Hardwig, John, 432
Hardy, Thomas, 240
Harlan, Kevin, 79
Harris, Abraham, 165
Harris, Harold, 419
Harris, Karl, 284–85
Harrison, Barbara Grizzuti, 575n
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 440
Hart, Brian, 59–80, 110, 122, 320, 541n
Hart, Gary, 276
Hart, Mary, 59–60, 61–64, 66, 67–68, 70, 71–72, 73, 74–77, 78, 122
Hart, Patrick, 59–60, 62, 63, 64, 67–68, 70, 71–72, 73–77, 78, 122
Hartley, Mariette, 115, 474
Hastings Center Report, 432
Hawaii, assisted-suicide legislation effort in, 427
health care:
end-of-life expenditures in, 431–33, 437
family members’ wishes on, 372–73, 571n
rationing of, 433, 434
self-determination rights in, 370, 371–72, 571n
suicides of professionals in, 235, 250, 251, 327
health care proxy, 371
health insurance:
access to, 257, 564n
on chronic illnesses, 433
for inpatient psychiatric treatment, 71, 334
for managed care, 565n–66n
health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (managed care), 3, 331, 332, 374, 433, 565n–66n
heart disease, 368, 432–33
Heggen, Thomas, 298
Heilig, Sam, 299, 301, 524
Heliogabalus, Emperor of Rome, 555n
helium, in plastic-bag suicide technique, 408, 411
Hellman, Lillian, 261
help, cry for, 284, 297, 313
Hemenway, David, 348
Hemingway, Ernest, 114, 277, 495
Hemingway, Leicester, 495
Hemlock Society, 4, 364, 379
Caring Friends assistance services of, 407–8
establishment of, 394–95, 411
euthanasia legalization goal of, 394–95, 404, 405, 407, 410
leadership of, 395, 404
literature published by, 3, 395, 398–400, 401, 405, 447–48
membership of, 395, 396–97, 447, 448
name and logo changes of, 408–9
national conferences held by, 397, 413, 420, 436, 437, 446, 575n
opponents of, 413–14
progressive levels of assistance offered by, 396, 407–8, 422
public education efforts of, 395
Hendin, Herbert, 351
on African-American suicide, 234–35, 252–53, 256
on ambivalence of suicides, 353
on civil liberties vs. suicide prevention, 353
on elderly, 438, 439
on end-of-life medical care, 441, 442
on euthanasia, 424, 425, 426, 429, 441, 442, 575n
on psychiatric hospitalization, 332, 333
psychiatric practice of, 323, 329
on psychoanalysis, 323
psychosocial perspective described by, 245–46
on risk management, 565n
Scandinavian suicide studied by, 245
on suicide methods, 234–35, 237
on suicide notes, 240
on suicide prevention, 316, 439
Henry, Andrew, 204
Henry, Patrick, 356
Hepburn, Katharine, 400
Herbert, Clarence, 570n–71n
Herodotus, 135, 145, 431
heroism, 275
Hey, Richard, 171, 469
Hidatsa, 132–33
Hildreth, Harold, 298
Hillman, James, 227, 230, 356
Hinduism, 136, 186, 365, 414
Hippocrates, 194, 250, 365
Hippocratic oath, 368
Hiroshima, Japan, survivors of atomic bombing of, 490, 497
Hispanic Americans, 258–59
Hitler, Adolf, 222, 367, 414, 432
HIV/AIDS, 38, 263–64, 270, 384, 386–87, 429
HMOs (health maintenance organizations) (managed care), 3, 331, 332, 374, 433, 565n–66n
Hoche, Alfred, 367, 417
Holcroft, Thomas, 174
holidays:
for family members of suicides, 505–6, 513, 516, 525
suicide rates on, 249
Holy Stone, 443
home, deaths at, 95, 368, 442
homeless population, 335
Homer, 144
homicide, see murder
homosexuality, 3, 48, 66, 101–2, 261–66, 558n
hopelessness, 43, 54, 253–54, 323
Horace, 148–49
horror comic books, 87
hospice care, 406, 407, 411, 421, 426, 428, 433, 434, 437, 442, 451
hospitals:
end
-of-life care in, 338–39, 371–72, 440–41
see also psychiatric hospitalization
Hottentots, 431
House of Representatives, U.S., Schiavo case in, 373
Housman, A. E., 226
Houston, Michaele, 406
How to Die with Dignity (Mair), 401, 402
How to Stop Killing Yourself (Steincrohn), 277
How We Die (Nuland), 417
Hudgens, Richard, 348–49
Hufeland (Goethe physician), 180
human rights, 332, 352–57
see also right to die
Hume, David, 169–70, 172, 415
Humphry, Derek, 407, 432
assisted-suicide network organized by, 410–12
background of, 393
first marriage of, 393–94
on health care inadequacies, 433, 434, 440
Hemlock Society established by, 394–96, 398, 404, 409, 575n
on legalization of euthanasia, 394–95, 396, 409, 410–11
on potential abuses of euthanasia, 422
protests against, 413, 414
as public figure, 394, 409, 413, 442, 447
second marriage of, 394, 404, 574n
suicide literature written by, 394, 398, 399–400, 409, 422, 434, 436
Humphry, Jean, 393–94, 396
Hungary, high suicide rate of, 246
Hunter, Kim, 305
Huxley, Aldous, 275
Huxley, Julian, 366
I Accuse, 421
“I Counsel You Beware” (Housman), 226
Iga, Mamoru, 546n
Iglulik tribe, 134
Ignatius, Saint, 153
imipramine, 195
immigration, 248, 256
immitation, role of in suicide, see clusters
impulsive behavior, 47, 48–49, 196, 275, 320, 353
India, suicide practices in, 132, 133, 135, 136, 186, 235, 365
indirect suicide, see self-destructive behaviors
industrialization, 185, 222, 246
insanity, see mental illness; psychiatric disorders; psychiatric hospitalization
Institute for Studies of Destructive Behaviors, 282
insulin coma therapy, 194
International Association for Suicide Prevention, 303
Internet suicides, 143
Inuit culture, 260–61
Invisible Man (Ellison), 254
involuntary commitment, 352, 354–55
ipecac, 117–18
iproniazid, 195
Iraq, U.S. invasion of, 247
Iroquois, 132–33
Isham, Fred (fictitious name), 446–52
Isham, Holly (fictitious name), 446–52
Islam, 246
Isocrates, 145
Is the Homosexual My Neighbor? 263
“I Thought People Like That Killed Themselves” (Rofes), 261
Jackson, David, 418
Jackson, Jesse, 373
Jacobs, Douglas, 96, 308, 314
Jakuts, 132
James, William, 301
Jamison, Kay Redfield, 38, 95, 335–36, 581n
Janus, Margo, 379
Japan:
current suicide rate of, 246
depression in, 142–43
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