Nazi Hunter

by Alan Levy

  Nuremberg Laws of racial purity, Hitler’s (1935) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Nuremberg Trials (1945–6) ref 1n, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6, ref 7n, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Nyiszli, Dr Miklos, Auschwitz: A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account ref 1

  Odessa, Wiesenthal in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  ODESSA (Organization of SS members) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  escape routes set up by ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  The Odessa File (film) ref 1

  Olivier, Sir Laurence ref 1

  Öllinger, Hans ref 1

  Olsen, Iver C. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Operation Black (1943, in Yugoslavia) ref 1, ref 2

  Operation Eichmann, Israeli ref 1

  Operation Kozara (1942, in Yugoslavia) ref 1

  Operation Land of Fire (1944, transport of Nazi loot to Argentina) ref 1

  Operation Reinhard (1942, in Poland) ref 1

  Operation Summer Festival (1934, in Austria) ref 1

  Operation Viper (1944, in Greece) ref 1

  Oradour-sur-Glane massacre ref 1, ref 2n

  Oranienburg concentration camp ref 1

  OSS (Office of Strategic Services), Linz ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio ref 1

  see Pius XII

  Palestine ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n, ref 4, ref 5

  Eichmann’s trip to (1937) ref 1

  Jewish immigration into ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Wallenberg works in (1936a–7) ref 1, ref 2

  British Mandate in, and Balfour Declaration ref 1

  Arab-Jewish conflict in ref 1, ref 1

  see also Israel

  Palestinian Arabs/refugees ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Sabra and Chatila massacres (1982) ref 1

  Deir Yassin massacre (1948) ref 1

  Palme, Olof ref 1

  Paraguay ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Mengele in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Pavelic, Ante ref 1

  Pearl Harbour, Japanese attack on ref 1, ref 2

  People’s Party, Austrian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Peres, Shimon ref 1

  Perez de Cuellar, Javier ref 1

  Perl, Dr Giselle ref 1

  Perón, Evita ref 1

  Perón, Juan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Peter, SS Lieutenant Friedrich ref 1n, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Petter, Dr Theo ref 1

  Phleps, Waffen SS General Artur ref 1, ref 2

  Piesch, Hans, Governor of Carinthia ref 1, ref 2

  Pilsudski, Marshal ref 1

  Pius II, Pope ref 1

  Pius XII, Pope ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Planinć, Milka ref 1

  Plaszow concentration camp ref 1, ref 2

  PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Poland, Poles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

  German occupation of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Soviet occupation of ref 1, ref 2

  resistance/partisans in ref 1

  post-war anti-Semitism ref 1

  Hitler’s extermination programme in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  deportation of gypsies to ref 1

  see also Auschwitz; Belzec; Chelmno; Majdanek; Sobibor; Treblinka

  Polkes, Commander Feivel ref 1, ref 2

  Posner, Gerald L and Ware, John, Mengele: The Complete Story ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  Prague ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Wiesenthal’s studies at Czech Technical University ref 1

  Eichmann’s work in ref 1

  Heydrich’s assassination in (1942) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Prague Spring (1968) ref 1

  Preysing, Konrad von, Bishop of Berlin ref 1, ref 2n

  Pusteria Alpine Division ref 1

  Rajchman, Chiel ref 1, ref 2

  Rashke, Richard, Escape from Sobibor ref 1

  Rauff, Walter ref 1, ref 2

  Ravensbrück women’s concentration camp ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Reagan, US President Ronald ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Red Army, Soviet ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23, ref 24, ref 25, ref 26, ref 27, ref 28, ref 29

  Reder, Major Walter ref 1n, ref 2, ref 3

  Reitlinger, Gerald, The Final Solution ref 1

  Rensinghoff, Bernard ref 1, ref 2

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von ref 1, ref 2n

  Ricci, Major ref 1

  Riga ref 1n

  ghetto ref 1, ref 2

  gassing of Jews in ref 1, ref 2

  Rilke, Rainer Maria ref 1

  Ringelblum, Emanuel ref 1

  Riseria di San Sabba extermination camp ref 1

  Ritschel, Elisabeth see Waldheim

  Rokita, Lieutenant Richarde ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Romania ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Rome, Stangl’s escape to ref 1, ref 2

  Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin ref 1n

  Roncaglia, Gen. Ercole ref 1, ref 2

  Roosevelt, President F. D. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Rösch, Otto ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n

  Roschmann, Eduard ‘The Butcher of Riga’ ref 1, ref 2

  Rosenbaum, Eli ref 1, ref 2

  Rosenthal, A. M. ref 1

  Rosenzweig, Luc and Cohen, Bernard Waldheim ref 1, ref 2

  Rothschild, Baron Louis von ref 1

  Rudel, Colonel Hans Ulrich (The Red Baron) ref 1

  Trotzdem ref 1

  Rush, William ref 1

  Rusinek, Kazimierz ref 1

  Russell of Liverpool, Lord ref 1

  Russia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  see also Soviet Union

  Ryan, Allan A. Jnr, Quiet Neighbors ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ryan, Russell ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Sabra and Chatila massacres (1982) ref 1

  Sachsenhausen concentration camp ref 1, ref 2

  Sails of Hope: The Secret Mission of Christopher Columbus (Wiesenthal) ref 1

  Sakharov, Andrei D. ref 1n

  Salonika, deportation of Jews from ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Salzer, Mrs Wilmos ref 1, ref 2

  Sanchez, Ilich Ramirez (‘Carlos’) ref 1

  São Paulo (Brazil) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Stangl in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Sassen, Willem S. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n

  Schalling, Franz ref 1

  Scheide, Rudolf ref 1, ref 2

  Scheiman, Arthur ref 1, ref 2

  Schiano, Vincent ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Schmidt-Richberg, General Erich ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Schuschnigg, Chancellor Kurt von ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Schutzbund (Workers Militia), Linz ref 1, ref 2

  Schutzpässe, Wallenberg’s Swedish passports for Hungarian Jews ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Scoti, Giacomo ref 1

  Scrinzi, Otto ref 1, ref 2

  Sedlmeier, Hans ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  Seibel, Colonel Richard ref 1, ref 2

  Sereny, Gitta, Into That Darkness: An Examination of Conscience ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21

  Seyss-Inquart, Artur von ref 1

  Shamir, Yitzhak ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3

  Sher, Neal ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Siberia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
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  Siedlecki, Joseph ref 1, ref 2

  Simon Wiesenthal Centre, Los Angeles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21n, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  ‘Testimony to the Truth’ ref 1

  Tribute to the Lost Hero of the Holocaust ref 1

  Sinai War, Arab-Israeli (1956) ref 1

  Singer, Israel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Sinowatz, Chancellor Fred ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Smoltsov, A. L. ref 1

  Sobibor extermination camp ref 1, ref 2n, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18

  Socialist Party, Austrian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

  Söderblom, Staffan, Swedish Ambassador in Moscow ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Stalin’s farewell interview with ref 1

  Solarz, Stephen J. ref 1, ref 2

  Solzhenitsyn, Alexander ref 1, ref 2

  Soviet Union ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Wiesenthal apprenticed as building engineer in ref 1

  Nazi Non-Aggression Pact with (1939) ref 1, ref 2

  occupation of Galicia and Lvov by ref 1

  Nazi invasion of (1941) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Polish military corps ex-PoWs fight for ref 1

  Polish A. L. partisans supported by ref 1

  occupation of Budapest by ref 1, ref 2

  Wallenberg arrested (1945) and imprisoned by 1942–ref 1

  invasion of Afghanistan (1979) ref 1, ref 2

  disintegration of (1991) ref 1

  battle of Stalingrad ref 1

  breach between Yugoslavia and ref 1

  Jewish emigration from ref 1, ref 2

  Spandau Prison, West Berlin ref 1n, ref 2n

  Speer, Albert ref 1n, ref 2n, ref 3

  Der Spiegel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Springer, Axel ref 1

  SS, Nazi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16

  Askaris ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Nuremberg Laws ref 1, 23–ref 1n

  Einsatzgruppen (Special Action Groups) ref 1

  concentration camp guards ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  dying soldier denied absolution by Simon ref 1, ref 2

  Ukranian Division ‘Galicia’ ref 1

  SS Baustab Venus ref 1, ref 2

  Das Reich Division ref 1n

  Eichmann joins (1932) ref 1

  loot stashed at Bad Aussee by ref 1

  ODESSA ref 1

  First Infantry Brigade ref 1n, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Mengele joins (1938) ref 1

  see also Waffen SS

  Stahl, General Friedrich ref 1

  Stalin, Josef ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17

  Söderblom’s farewell interview with ref 1

  breach between Tito and ref 1

  Stalingrad, batde of ref 1

  Stammer, Geza ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Stammer, Gitta ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Stangl, Franz Paul ref 1, ref 2, ref 3n, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

  birth (1908) and youth in Altmünster ref 1

  joins Austrian police (1931) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  police superintendent at T4 in Berlin ref 1

  security officer at Hartheim ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Bernburg ref 1

  commandant of Sobibor ref 1

  commandant of Treblinka ref 1, ref 2

  sent to Trieste (1943) ref 1, ref 2

  detention in Glasenbach Camp ref 1

  and Linz prison ref 1

  escapes to Rome (1948) ref 1

  in Syria ref 1, ref 2

  in Brazil ref 1

  extradited to West Germany (1967) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Düsseldorf trial (1970) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  death from heart failure (1971) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Stangl, Theresa (née Eidenböck) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  Stauffenberg, Count Claus Philipp von ref 1, ref 2n

  plot against Hider (1944) ref 1, ref 2n

  Steger, Norbert ref 1, ref 2

  Steinberg, Elan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Steiner, Hans ref 1, ref 2

  Stern Gang ref 1n, ref 2

  Steyrer, Dr Kurt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  STIBA, Rotterdam ref 1

  Stip-Kocani massacres (1944) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Stockholm ref 1, ref 2

  formal Wallenberg hearing in (1981) ref 1

  Strasshof concentration camp ref 1

  Stroessner, General Alfredo ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Suez War (1956) ref 1

  Summers, Dana, cartoon of ref 1

  The Sunflower (Wiesenthal, 1970) ref 1

  Sweden see Wallenberg, Raoul

  Switzerland ref 1, ref 2

  and Hungarian Jews ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Syria ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Stangl in ref 1, ref 2

  Hama massacre (1982) ref 1

  Szmajzner, Stanislaw ‘Shlomo’ ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Sznajderman, Tamara ref 1

  Szulman, Jakub, Rabbi of Grabow ref 1

  Tacuara (Argentina’s fascist organization) ref 1

  Taganrog, siege of ref 1

  Tagliabue, John ref 1

  Tanenbaum ref 1

  Tarnopol (now Ternopol) ref 1, ref 2n

  Taylor, Brigadier-General Telford ref 1, ref 2

  Tenenbaum, Mordecai ref 1

  Theresienstadt concentration camp ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7n, ref 8

  Tidl, Georg ref 1, ref 2

  Tito, Marshal (Josip Broz) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4n, ref 5

  Todt Organization ref 1, ref 2n

  Todt, SS General Fritz ref 1n

  Torres, Luis de ref 1, ref 2

  Transnistria concentration camp ref 1

  Treblinka extermination camp ref 1n, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9n, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17

  uprisings at (1943) ref 1

  demolished (1943) ref 1

  Trotsky, Leon ref 1

  Truman, US President Harry S. ref 1

  twins, Mengele’s experiments on ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  U Thant, UN Secretary-General ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ukrainians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  in Lwów (Lemberg) ref 1, ref 2

  Auxiliary Police ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Sobibor guards ref 1, ref 2

  Treblinka guards ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ulmann, Colonel Dr Fritz ref 1

  UN Security Council ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  UN War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Unden, Osten ref 1, ref 2

  UNICEF ref 1

  UNIDO ref 1

  United Nations ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Waldheim as Secretary-General of (1971–82) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Austria’s membership of (1955) ref 1

  Waldheim as Ambassador to ref 1

  United States ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941), and Second World War ref 1, ref 2

  Jewish immigration into ref 1, ref 2

  Wallenberg’s studies at Ann Arbor ref 1

  WRB ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

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sp; and Budapest rescue operation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Soviet imprisonment of Wallenberg ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  OSI ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  and Mengele case ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  extradition of Demjanjuk to Israel from (1987) ref 1, ref 2

  Hermine Braunsteiner in ref 1

  and Braunsteiner’s extradition to West Germany from (1973) ref 1, ref 2

  Waldheim ‘hysteria’ in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Holtzman Amendment ref 1

  UNRWA ref 1, ref 2

  UPA (Ukrainian Partisan Army, pro-German) ref 1

  Uris, Leon ref 1

  US Army of Occupation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  US Holocaust Memorial Council ref 1

  US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Watch List ref 1, ref 2

  US Justice Department’s Office of Special Investigations (OSI) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  US Senators’ Free Wallenberg Committee ref 1

  US War Crimes Office ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ustashi (Yugoslavia) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Vak, Dr Karl ref 1

  Varon, Benno Weiser ref 1, ref 2

  Verdross-Drossberg, Dr Alfred ref 1, ref 2

  Verkhneural’sk labour camp, Siberia ref 1

  Verschuer, Professor Otmar von ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Vienna ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Wiesenthal’s Documentation Centre ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Eichmann in ref 1

  Pier/Friedman Documentation Centre ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Waldheim’s law studies at University of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Waldheim’s marriage in (1944) ref 1

  designated third UN City (1979) ref 1

  Villach Castle, library of Jewish religious books in ref 1

  Vladimir Prison ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Vorkuta labour camp, Siberia ref 1

  Vranitzky, Franz ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Wächter, Otto ref 1

  Waffen SS ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Wagner, Gustav ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Waldheim, Elisabeth (née Ritschel: ‘Cissy’) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Kurt’s engagement and marriage to ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Waldheim, Gerhard ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Waldheim, Kurt ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Who’s Who in Austria entry for 1972 ref 1

  In the Eye of the Storm by ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4