The Holocaust

by Martin Gilbert

  Wisliceny, SS Captain Dieter: and a meeting at Mauthausen (10 March 1944), 1, 2 n. 1

  Wisniewski, Stanislaw: and a Jewish tailor’s resistance, 1

  Witjowski (a Pole): 1

  Witorz, Jacob: remains outside the ghetto, with his sons, 1; deported (1942), 2

  Wittenberg, Yitzhak: and the collapse of resistance at Vilna, 1

  Wladislawow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941), 1, 2 n. 2

  Wloclawek: Jews from, to be deported from the Lodz ghetto (1942), 1; a Jew from, at Chelmno, 2

  Wlodawa: a death train to (1940), 1; a death camp near (1942), 2; resistance near (1942), 3; a Jew seeks to save the rabbi of (1942), 4, 5; Jews deported from (1942), 6; resistance of Jews from (1943), 7; acts of resistance to the west of (1943), 8

  Wlodzimierz Wolynski (Ludmir): mass murder at (1942), 1; false assurance at (1943), 2; final killings at (1944), 3

  Wlodzislaw: surrounded (1942), 1

  Wohlreich, Moshe: caught, 1

  Wojcikiewicz, Alexander: and the first days of war in Warsaw (1939), 1

  Wojtyla, Karol (later Pope John Paul II): and a Jewish child given sanctuary by Catholics, 1

  Wola Przybyslawska: Poles shot for hiding Jews (1942), 1

  Wolf, Maurycy: killed at end of Warsaw uprising (October 1944), 1

  Wolff, SS General Karl: a witness to mass murder (1941), 1; and ‘the total undertaking’ (1942), 2

  Wolff, Martin: driven out of his lecture room (1933), 1

  Wolka Okraglik: departure of a train to, 1

  Wolkin (a Jewish partisan): killed (1942), 1

  Wolkowysk: mass murder at (1941), 1

  Wolozyn: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2 n. 3

  Woloszynowicz, Henryk: his parents killed for helping Jews, 1

  Wolozin, Anne: her testimony, 1 n. 2

  Wolski, Mieczyslaw: a Polish gardener, hides Jews, and later shot, 1

  Worbleznik, Michael: at Chelmno, 1

  World Jewish Congress: learns of eleven deportations from France (1942), 1; seeks to protect the Jews of Hungary (1944), 2

  Worms: 1, 2; a Jew hanged at (1933), 3; Jews leave (1933), 4; suicides in (1938), 5; an act of defiance in (1938), 6; a Jewess from, deported to Belzec (1942), 7

  Wrobleski, Stefan: helps Jews, 1

  Wuppertal: a Jewish dentist murdered in (1933). 1

  Wurm, Bishop Theophil: opposes ‘extermination’ (1943), 1

  Wurttemberg: a Bishop in, opposes ‘extermination’ (1943), 1

  Wurzburg: Jews deported from (1942), 1; a deportee from, at Dachau, 2, 3 n. 4

  Wustegiersdorf: labour camp at, 1

  Wyszkow: Jews murdered by Poles near (1943), 1

  Yagielnica: Jews shot at (1943), 1

  Yakovlevich, Tevye: leads a partisan detachment, 1

  Yakovlevich, Zosenka: and a memorial to his father, 1

  Yaffe, Moshe: tells Jews to run (1942), 1

  Yankel (in hiding): dies (1943), 1

  Yankovsky, Karl: helps Jews, 1

  Yechielke (a survivor): killed after liberation, 1

  Yemen: Jewish emigration to Palestine from, 1 n. 2

  Yiddish: as a mark of difference, 1; and the Jewish ‘weapon of laughter’, 2; and the Jewish Police (in Warsaw), 3; schools teaching in (in the Warsaw and Lodz ghettos), 4, 5; a well-known writer of, killed (1941), 6; a distinguished grammarian of, killed (1941), 7; an exhortation in (December 1941), 8; ‘not allowed’, 9; a saying in, repeated with irony, 10; an eye-witness account of Treblinka written in, 11; letters in, buried, 12; an evening on the literature in (in Vilna), 13; an ironic postcard in, 14; a plea to God in, 15; at the moment of liberation, 16

  Yosl the turner: shot (1939), 1

  Yosselevska, Merkele: shot (1942), 1, 2

  Yosselevska, Rivka: an eye-witness to mass murder (1942), 1

  Yugoslavia: 1, 2; invaded (1941), 3; conquered, 4; Jews and Serbs killed in (1942), 5, 6; Eichmann’s complaints about Jewish partisans in (1944), 7; rescue of Jews from, 8

  Zabecki, Franciszek: an eye-witness at Treblinka railway station, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

  Zabie: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2 n. 3

  Zablotow: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2 n. 3

  Zabludowicz, Noah: describes a deportation, 1

  Zabludowski (a chess player): killed (1941), 1

  Zagare: mass murder at (1941), 1

  Zagreb: 1; Jews murdered near, 2

  Zagrodski: mass murder at (1942), 1

  Zajdenwach, Chana: shot (1941), 1, 2 n. 3

  Zajdenwerger, David: aged four, gassed (1942), 1

  Zajdenwerger, Solange: aged three, gassed (1942), 1

  Zajtman, Josek: shot (1942), 1

  Zak, Shalom: his death (1942), 1

  Zaklikow: fate of deportees from (1942), 1; a second deportation from, 2

  Zaks, Romek: killed (1939), 1

  Zalcman, Major: an eye-witness to mass murder, 1

  Zalcman, Shmuel: murdered (1943), 1

  Zaltsman, Lyuni: a resistance group led by, 1

  Zambrow: Jews escape from, 1

  Zamenhof, Dr Adam: ‘never seen again’ (1939), 1, 2

  Zamenhof Street (Warsaw): an old woman murdered at (1942), 1

  Zamenhof, Zofia: killed (1942), 1

  Zamkowy, Samuel: shot (1939), 1

  Zamolodicze: Jews killed at (1942), 1

  Zamosc: forced labour at, 1, 2; ‘surrounded’ (1942), 3; Jews deported from (11 April 1942), 4; a second deportation from (17 April 1942), 5; a further deportation from (15 November 1942), 6

  Zander, Rachel: murdered, after liberation, 1

  Zante: Jews of, saved, 1

  Zarch, Maja: recalls events in Dvinsk, 1, 2, 3, 4; deported to Stutthof, 5

  Zarfatti, Roberto: aged three, deported to his death (1944), 1

  Zaslaw: an escape from, 1; Jews deported to Belzec from (1943), 2

  Zavertanny, Fyodor: escapes, 1

  Zawadka: four Poles killed, for hiding Jews in, 1

  Zbaszyn: Jews expelled to (1938), 1

  Zdunska Wola: Jews shot at (1939), 1; hangings at (1942), 2, 3; Jews shot in (1942), 4; Jews from, in Lodz, 5

  Zdzieciol: an escape from, 1; mass murder, and a further escape from, 2

  Zeisler, Gertrude: ‘I will somehow manage to survive’ (1941), 1; and the ‘atmosphere of doom’ (1942), 2

  Zeitlin, Hillel: deported, 1

  Zelechow: a Jew from, shot (1939), 1

  Zelinski, Abraham: at Chelmno, 1

  Zelkowicz, Josef: and a hospital ‘action’ in Lodz, 1; and the ‘days of nightmare’, 2

  Zeltzer, Yisrael: arrested, 1; shot, 2

  Zemba, Menachem: gives rabbinical approval for resistance, 1

  Zeminski, S.: and the betrayal of Jews in hiding, 1

  Zezmariai camp (near Kovno): children killed in (1944), 1

  Zhelochovski, Shlomo: hanged (1942), 1

  Zhitomir: mass murder at (1941), 1, 2; Jewish partisans north of (1943), 3, 4

  Zholti, David: killed after liberation (1945), 1

  Zielonka: Jews shot at (1939), 1

  Zifferman, Baruch: witnesses a deportation round-up, 1; his wife and son killed (1942), 2

  Zilberstein, Betty: perished (1944), 1

  Zilberstein, Harvey: shot (1944), 1

  Zimetbaum, Mala: ‘tried to make it easier’ (at Auschwitz), 1; escapes from Auschwitz, 2; captured, 3; killed (1944), 4

  Zindelevich, Yakov-Pinhas: killed (1941), 1

  Zion: Britain seeks to deter those setting out for (1940), 1

  Zirelson, Judah Leib: killed (1941), 1

  Zlatin, Miron: deported, and shot (1944), 1

  Zloczow: Jews deported from, 1; the story of two Jews in hiding near, 2

  Zofjowka: Jews escape from, 1

  Zolkiewka: a Jew deported to Sobibor from (1942), 1

  Zorin, Shlomo: guards a family camp, 1

  Zsolt, Agnes: describes her daughter’s final hours, 1

  Zuchowicz, Second-Lieutenant Tadeusz: records the courage of a Jew (1944), 1r />
  Zucker (a Jewess): hidden in a large tile stove, and survives, 1

  Zuckerman (‘the grey-headed’): seeks to protect a Jewess, 1

  Zuckerman, Yitzhak: and the ‘poison cup’ (1939), 1; punished (1941), 2; and the news of mass murder at Vilna, 3; and the news of mass murder at Chelmno, 4; and a setback to plans for revolt, 5; in Cracow, 6; in Warsaw, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; escapes to countryside, 12; given shelter, 13

  Zurawski, Mordechai: deported to Chelmno, 1; recalls the last days at Chelmno, 2

  Zwierzyniec: deportations through, 1; a deportation from, 2; a ‘mass grave’ in, 3; a final deportation from, 4

  Zwonarz, Jozef: saves Jews, 1, 2

  Zychlin: sewing machines of Jews deported from (1942), 1

  Zygielbojm, Shmuel: commits suicide (1943), 1

  Zylberberg, Mordechai: and the resistance in Czestochowa, 1

  Zylberberg, Henryk: witnesses his daughter’s murder (1942), 1

  Zylberberg, Michaela: murdered (1942), 1

  Zylberring, Pinkus: reprisals as a result of action of (1939), 1

  Zyrardow: a deportee born in, 1 n. 2