Vinyes, Ramón, Selección de textos, ed. Jacques Gilard, 2 vols. (Bogotá, Instituto Colombiano de Cultura, 1981).
Wade, Peter, Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993).
___.Music, Race and Nation: “Música Tropical” in Colombia (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2000).
White, Judith, Historia de una ignominia: la UFC en Colombia (Bogotá, Editorial Presencia, 1978).
Wilder, Thornton, The Ides of March (New York, Perennial/HarperCollins, 2003).
Williams, Raymond L., The Colombian Novel, 1844–1987 (Austin, University of Texas Press, 1991).
Woolf, Virginia, Orlando (New York, Vintage, 2000).
Zalamea, Jorge, El Gran Burundún-Burundá ha muerto (Bogotá, Carlos Valencia, 1979)
PICTURE CREDITS
Credits are grouped according to their order in the insert, by page.
Colonel Nicolás R. Márquez. (Family Archive-Margarita Márquez Caballero)
Tranquilina Iguarân Cotes de Márquez. (Family Archive-Márgarita Marquez Caballero)
Colonel Nicolás R. Márquez on a tropical day out in the 1920s. (Family Archive-Margarita Márquez Caballero)
Luisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán. (Family Archive-Margarita Márquez Caballero)
Gabriel Eligio García and Luisa Santiaga, on their wedding day, 11 June 1926. (Gustavo Adolfo Ramírez Ariza, GARA-Archive)
GGM on his first birthday. (Family Archive-Margarita Márquez Caballero)
The Colonel’s old house in Aracataca. (GARA-Archive)
Elvira Carrillo, “Aunt Pa.” (GARA-Archive)
Aida GM, Luis Enrique GM, Gabito, cousin Eduardo Márquez Caballero, Margot GM and baby Ligia GM, 1936. (Photo by Gabriel Eligio García, courtesy of Family Archive-Margarita Márquez Caballero)
Gabito at the Colegio San José, Barranquilla, 1941. (GARA-Archive)
The Liceo Nacional in Zipaquirá, where GGM studied between 1943 and 1946. (GARA-Archive)
The GM brothers, Luis Enrique and Gabito, with cousins and friends, Magangué, c. 1945. (Family Archive-Ligia García Márquez)
Argemira García and her daughter Ena, early 1940s. (Family Archive-Ligia García Márquez)
GGM, mid-1940s. (GARA-Archive)
Berenice Martínez, mid-1940s. (GARA-Archive)
Mercedes Barcha at school in Medellín, 1940s. (GM Family Archive)
Steamship David Arango. (Photo by William Caskey)
Fidel Castro and other Student leaders during the Bogotazo, April 1948. (http://www.latinamericanstudies.org)
Barranquilla, April 1950: farewell for Ramón Vinyes. (GARA-Archive)
Barranquilla, in the El Heraldo office, 1950. (Photo by Quique Scopell, courtesy of El Heraldo)
GGM, Bogotá, 1954. (El Espectador)
GGM, Paris, 1957. (Photo by Guillermo Angulo)
Tachia Quintana in Paris. (Photo by Yossi Bal, courtesy of Tachia Rosoff)
GGM and friends, Red Square, Moscow, summer 1957. (GARA-Archive)
The Soviet invasion of Hungary, Budapest, 1956. (Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)
Caracas, 13 May 1958. (Bettmann/CORBIS)
GGM working for Prensa Latina, Bogotá, 1959. (Photo by Hernán Díaz)
Mercedes Barcha in Barranquilla. (GARA-Archive)
Cuba, December 1958: Che Guevara and comrades relax. (Popper foto/Getty Images)
GGM and Plinio Mendoza working for Prensa Latina, Bogotá, 1959. (El Tiempo)
GGM and Mercedes, on Séptima in Bogotá, 1960s. (GARA-Archive)
Havana, January 1961. (Getty Images)
Havana, 21 April 1961. (Bettmann/CORBIS)
Mexico, 1964. GGM in glasses. (GARA-Archive)
GGM in Aracataca, 1966. (GARA-Archive)
Valledupar, Colombia, 1967. (Photo by Gustavo Vásquez, courtesy María Elena Castro de Quintern)
Camilo Torres. (GARA-Archive)
Wizard or dunce? GGM in Barcelona, crowned by the famous cabbalistic cover of One Hundred Years of Solitude, 1969. (Colita/CORBIS)
Mercedes, Gabo, Gonzalo and Rodrigo, Barcelona, late 1960s. (GM Family Archive)
The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 1968. (epa/CORBIS)
GGM, Barcelona, late 1960s. (GARA-Archive)
GGM and Pablo Neruda, 1972. (GARA-Archive)
Boom couples, Barcelona, 1974. (Photo by Colita)
GGM, Barcelona, 1970s. (Photo by Rodrigo García)
GGM and Carlos Fuentes, Mexico City, 1971. (Excelsior)
GGM and Mercedes, 1970s. (Excelsior)
Cartagena, 1971: GGM visits his parents. (Excelsior)
Writers of the Boom. (Photo by Silvia Lemus)
Julio Cortázar, Miguel Angel Asturias and GGM, West Germany, 1970. (GARA-Archive)
Paris, 1973. The wedding of Charles Rosoff and Tachia Quintana. (Tachia Rosoff, Personal Archive)
Santiago de Chile, 11 September 1973. President Salvador Allende. (Dmitri Baltermants/The Dmitri Baltermants Collection/CORBIS)
Santiago de Chile, 11 September 1973. General Pinochet and his henchmen. (Ullsteinbild—dpa)
Cuban troops in Angola, February 1976. (AFP/Getty Images)
Castro, President of Cuba, 1980s. (Excelsior)
General Omar Torrijos, 1970s. (AFP/Getty)
GGM interviews Felipe González in Bogotá, 1977. (Alternativa)
Bogotá, 1977: GGM, Consuelo Araujonoguera (“La Cacica”) and Guillermo Cano, editor of El Espectador. (El Espectador)
GGM, Carmen Balcells and Manuel Zapata Olivella, 1977. (GARA-Archive)
Mexico City, 1981: GGM buried by press attention following his self-exile from Colombia. (Bettmann/CORBIS)
Alvaro Mutis chauffeurs GGM. (GARA-Archive)
Stockholm, December 1982: Jaime Castro, Germán Vargas, GGM, Charles Rosoff, Alfonso Fuenmayor, Plinio Mendoza, Eligio Garcían and Hernán Vieco. (GM Family Archive)
Stockholm, December 1982: GGM in costeño “sombrero vueltiao.” (Photo by Nereo López, courtesy of the Biblioteca National de Colombia)
Stockholm, December 1982: GGM in the chalk circle. (GARA-Archive)
Cartagena, 1993. Luisa Santiaga and her children. (Family Archive-Ligia García Márquez)
GGM and Fidel Castro, by the Caribbean, 1983. (Photo by Rodrigo Castaño)
Havana, 1988: GGM and Robert Redford. (Excelsior)
Bogotá, mid-1980s: GGM and Mercedes with President Betancur and his wife. (GARA-Archive)
Bogotá’s Palacio de Justicia in flames, 6 November 1985. (http://alvaroduque.wordpress.com)
Berlin, November 1989. (Regis Bossu/Sygma/Corbis)
Bogotá, 1992: GGM salutes his admirers in the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Theatre. (GARA-Archive)
GGM and Mercedes, October 1993. (GARA-Archive)
GGM, 1999. (GARA-Archive)
Barcelona, c. 2005: Carmen Balcells in her office. (© Carlos González Armesto)
Havana, 2007: GGM and Fidel Castro. (Diario El Tiempo/epa/Corbis)
Cartagena, March 2007: GGM and Bill Clinton. (Cesar Carrion/epa/Corbis)
Cartagena, March 2007: GGM and King Juan Carlos I of Spain. (AFP/Getty Images)
Cartagena, March 2007: GGM waves to admirers during his eightieth birthday celebrations. (STR/AFP/Getty Images)
TEXT PERMISSIONS
The author and publishers gratefully acknowledge Gabriel García Márquez and the Agencia Literaria Carmen Balcells, S.A., and Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc. for permission to quote extracts from copyright material by Gabriel García Márquez throughout this book, and also acknowledge Latimer, S.A., for the English translations of the original Spanish-language editions of various of his works, as follows: One Hundred Years of Solitude (1970); No One Writes to the Colonel (1971); The Autumn of the Patriarch (1977); Leafstorm (1979); In Evil Hour (1980); The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor (1986); Love in the Time of Cholera (1988); Clandestine in Chile (1989); The General in His Labyrinth (1991); Collected Stories (1991); Strange
Pilgrims (1993); Of Love and Other Demons (1995); News of a Kidnapping (1997); Living to Tell the Tale (2003) and Memories of My Melancholy Whores (2005).
In addition, the author and publishers gratefully acknowledge the copyright holders of the following texts: Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza (ed.), The Fragrance of Guava: Conversations with Gabriel García Márquez (London, Faber & Faber, 1998); Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, La llama y el hielo (Bogotá, Gamma, 1989). Gustavo Arango, Un ramo de nomeolvides (Cartagena, El Universal, 1996). Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Mea Cuba (London, Faber & Faber, 1994); José Donoso, The Boom in Spanish American Literature: A Personal History (© Columbia University Press, 1977). Claudia Dreifus, “Gabriel García Márquez” (Playboy, February 1983), copyright © Playboy 1983. Reprinted by permission of Playboy; excerpt from “Cocaine’s Reality, by García Márquez” by James Brooke (The New York Times, March 11, 1995), copyright © 1995 by The New York Times. All rights reserved. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of the material without express written permission is prohibited. Reprinted by permission of PARS International, on behalf of The New York Times; Heriberto Fiorillo, La Cueva: crónica del grupo de Barranquilla (Bogotá, Planeta, 2002). Silvia Galvis, Los García Márquez (Bogotá, Arango Editores, 1996). By permission of the author. Eligio García, Tras las claves de Melquíades (Bogotá, Normal, 2001). Rita Guibert, Seven Voices (New York, Vintage, 1973); Luis Harss and Barbara Dohmann, Into the Mainstream: Conversations with Latin-American Writers (New York, Harper and Row, 1967); Antonio Núñez Jiménez, “García Márquez y la perla de las Antillas (o ‘Qué conversan Gabo y Fidel’)” (unpublished manuscript, Havana, 1984). Gabriel García Márquez, Paris Review Writers at Work interview by Peter H. Stone, Issue 82, winter 1981, and “Solitude and Company: An Oral Biography of Gabriel García Márquez” by Silvana Paternostro, Paris Review, no. 166, summer 2003. Reprinted by permission of the Wylie Agency; Elena Poniatowska, “Los Cien años de soledad se iniciaron con sólo 20 dólares” (interview, September 1973), in Todo Mexico, 1 (Mexico City, Diana, 1990).
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
GERALD MARTIN is Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus of Modern Languages at the University of Pittsburgh and Senior Research Professor in Caribbean Studies at London Metropolitan University. For twenty-five years he was the only English-speaking member of the “Archives” Association of Twentieth-Century Latin American Literature in Paris, and he is a recent president of the International Institute of Ibero-American Literature in the United States. Among his publications are Journeys Through the Labyrinth: Latin American Fiction in the Twentieth Century, a translation and critical edition of Miguel Angel Asturias’s Men of Maize, and several contributions to the Cambridge History of Latin America. He lives in England.
THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK
PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF
Copyright © 2008 by Gerald Martin
All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
www.aaknopf.com
Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
Originally published in Great Britain by
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., London, in 2008
Maps by John Gilkes
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Martin, Gerald.
Gabriel García Márquez: a life / by Gerald Martin.—1st U.S. ed.
p. cm.
“This is a Borzoi book.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
eISBN: 978-0-307-27200-3
1. García Márquez, Gabriel, 1928– 2. Authors, Colombian.—
20th century—Biography. I. Title.
PQ8180.17.A73Z718 2009
863′.64—dc22
[B] 2009003806
v3.0
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