Salas, Adriana. “Workforce Happiness Increases Morale.” www.army.mil. April 23, 2015. http://www.army.mil/article/147100/Workforce_happiness_increases_morale/
Samuels, Diana. “Palo Alto Faith Groups Organize Event on Teen Mental Health.” San Jose Mercury News. August 27, 2009.
Sanburn, Josh. “Why Suicides Are More Common in Richer Neighborhoods.” Time. November 8, 2012.
Sanger Katz, Margo. “The Science Behind Suicide Contagion.” New York Times. August 13, 2014.
Schaffer, Amanda. “Tech’s Enduring Great-Man Myth.” MIT Technology Review. August 4, 2015.
Schaufeli, Wilmar B., Michael P. Leiter, and Christina Maslach. “Burnout: 35 Years of Research and Practice.” Emerald Insight 14, no. 3 (2008), 204–220.
Schwartz, Tony. “Emotional Contagion Can Take Down Your Whole Team.” Harvard Business Review. July 11, 2012.
Segran, Elizabeth. “Ivy League for Free: What One Man Learned by Crashing Elite Colleges for 4 Years.” Fast Company. March 3, 2015.
Self, Will. The Quantity Theory of Insanity (New York: Vintage, 1995).
Shang, Li, Jian Li, Yan Li, Tao Wang, and Johannes Siegrist. “Stressful Psychosocial School Environment and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Adolescents.” Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (February 28, 2014), 205–210.
Showalter, Elaine. Hystories: Hysterical Epidemics and Modern Media. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.)
Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy. “Inherited Nightmares: A New Book Examines How Holocaust Trauma Can Haunt Even the Grandchildren of Survivors.” Jerusalem Post. March 21, 2010.
Sifferlin, Alexandra. “The Most Stressed-out Generation? Young Adults.” Time. February 7, 2013.
Simone, Alina. “The Magical Law of Contagion: Why People Pay Silly Money for Strange Celebrity Memorabilia.” Slate. October 3, 2014. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/10/celebrity_memorabilia_market_the_magical_law_of_contagion_explains_high.html
Simons, Ronald L., and Phyllis I. Murphy. “Sex Differences in the Causes of Adolescent Suicide Ideation.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 14, no. 5 (1985), 423–34.
Singhal, Arvind, and Everett M. Rogers. Entertainment Education: A Communication Strategy for Social Change (New York: Routledge, 2011).
Sinyor, Mark, Ayal Schaffer, and Amy H. Cheung. “An Observational Study of Bullying as a Contributing Factor in Youth Suicide in Toronto.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 59, no. 12 (2014), 632–38.
Sirois, François. “Epidemic Hysteria: School Outbreaks 1973–1993.” Medical Principles and Practice 8 (1999), 12–25.
Slutkin, Gary. “Violence Is a Contagious Disease.” National Academy of Sciences (2013), 94–111.
Small, Gary. “Mass Hysteria Can Strike Anywhere, Anytime: When Stressed Out, the Mind Can Make the Body Sick.” Psychology Today. September 28, 2010. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-bootcamp/201009/mass-hysteria-can-strike-anywhere-anytime
Smith, Bryan. “The Cluster Conundrum: Copycat Teen Deaths in Lake Forest.” Chicago. June 18, 2012.
Solon, Olivia. “Compassion over Empathy Could Help Prevent Emotional Burnout.” Wired (UK edition). July 12, 2012.
Someah, Kathleen L. “Why Are College Students Vulnerable to Eating Disorders?” Eating Disorder Hope Foundation. August 6, 2012.
Somerville, William G. “The Psychology of Hysteria.” American Journal of Psychiatry 73, no. 4 (1917), 639–53.
Sonneck, G., E. Etzerdorfer, and S. Nagel-Kuess. “Imitative Suicide on the Viennese Subway.” Social Science and Medicine 38, no. 3 (1994), 453–57.
Sontag, Susan. “Susan Sontag on Courage and Resistance.” Nation. May 5, 2003.
Soundy, T. J., A. R. Lucasa, V. J. Suman, and L. J. Melton. “Bulimia Nervosa in Rochester, Minnesota from 1980 to 1990.” Psychological Medicine 25, no. 5 (1995), 1065–71.
Spettigue, Wendy, and Katherine A. Henderson. “Eating Disorders and the Role of the Media.” Canada Child Adolescent Psychiatric Review 13, no. 1 (2004), 16–19.
Steimer, Thierry. “The Biology of Fear- and Anxiety-Related Behaviors.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 4, no. 3 (2002), 231–49.
Steiner, Jakub, and Colin Stewart. “Contagion Through Learning.” Theoretical Economics 3 (2008), 431–58.
Stromberg, Joseph. “What Is the Nocebo Effect? For Some Patients, the Mere Suggestion of Side Effects Is Enough to Bring on Negative Symptoms.” Smithsonian. July 23, 2012.
Strunk, Bradley C., Paul Ginsburg, and Jon Gabel. “Tracking Health Care Costs.” Health Affairs (September 26, 2001).
Sudak, Howard S., and Donna M. Sudak. “The Media and Suicide.” Academic Psychiatry 29, no. 5 (2005), 495–99.
Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2004).
Swanson, Sonja A., and Ian Colman. “Association Between Exposure to Suicide and Suicidality Outcomes in Youth.” Canadian Medical Association. May 21, 2013.
Takeda, Allison. “The Mystery of Mass Hysteria.” Everyday Health. January 18, 2012. http://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/0118/the-mystery-of-mass-hysteria.aspx
Ter Maat, Sue, and Lisa Black. “Student Deaths in Lake Forest Raise New Alarms: Some Mental Health Experts, Prevention Advocates Fear Recent Wave of Train Deaths May Be Related to ‘Suicide Cluster.’” Chicago Tribune. April 1, 2012.
Tetyana. “Can Eating Disorders Be Contagious?” Science of Eating Disorders. August 22, 2012. www.scienceofeds.org/2012/08/22/Can-Eating-Disorders-Be-Contagious/
Thompson, T., J. A. Davidson, and J. G. Barber. “Self-worth Protection in Achievement Motivation: Performance Effects and Attributional Behavior.” Journal of Educational Psychology 87, no. 4 (December 1995), 598–610.
Tomlinson, Mike. “Suicide and Young People: The Case of Northern Ireland.” Child Care in Practice 13, no. 4 (2007), 435–43.
Topalli, Volkan, Richard Wright, and Robert Fornango. “Drug Dealers, Robbery and Retaliation Vulnerability, Deterrence and the Contagion of Violence.” British Journal of Criminology 42, no. 2 (2002), 337–51.
Truong, Hoai-Thu, and Sharon Pereira. “Asian and Asian Indian Cultures: Implications for Psychotherapy.” Article for mental health professionals, 2007‒2009. http://www.drhttruong.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/AsianCulturesPsychotherapy.pdf
Tschannen‐Moran, Megan, Cynthia Uline, Anita Woolfolk Hoy, and Timm Mackley. “Creating Smarter Schools Through Collaboration.” Journal of Educational Administration 38, no. 3 (2000), 247–72.
Turecki, Gustavo, Richard Brière, Karen Dewar, Tonino Antonetti, Alain D. Lesage, Monique Séguin, Nadia Chawky, Claude Vanier, Martin Alda, Ridha Joober, Chawki Benkelfat, and Guy A. Rouleau. “Prediction of Level of Serotonin 2A Receptor Binding by Serotonin Receptor 2A Genetic Variation in Postmortem Brain Samples from Subjects Who Did or Did Not Commit Suicide.” American Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 9 (1999), 1456–58.
Van Praag, Henriette, Gerd Kempermann, and Fred H. Gage. “Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment.” Neuroscience 1 (December 2000), 191–98.
Vandereycken, Walter. “Can Eating Disorders Become ‘Contagious’ in Group Therapy and Specialized Inpatient Care?” European Eating Disorders Review 19, no. 4 (July‒August 2011), 289–95.
———. “How ‘Contagious’ Can Eating Disorders Be in the Eyes of Patients?” Eating Disorders Review 23, no. 2 (March‒April 2012).
Vargas, Jose Antonio. “Spring Awakening: How an Egyptian Revolution Began on Facebook.” New York Times. February 17, 2012.
Virtue, Robert. “The Psychology of Fanaticism.” ABC Newcastle, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 6, 2015.
Waldmeir, Patti. “The Asian Work Ethic Comes at a Price.” Financial Times. March 4, 2014.
Walworth, Carolyn. “Paly School Board Rep: ‘The Sorrows of Young Palo Altans.’” Palo Alto Online. March 25, 2015. http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/03/25/guest-opinion-the-sorrows-of-young-palo-altans
Wang, Long, Deepak Malhotra, and J. Keith M
urnighan. “Economics Education and Greed.” Academy of Management Learning and Education 10, no. 4 (2011), 643–60.
Wang, Shirley. “Contagious Behavior.” Association for Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (2006).
Warrell, Margie. “Culture of Courage: Creating a Culture That Breeds Bravery.” Forbes.com. August 31, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/margiewarrell/2014/08/31/building-brave-people/
Warren, Jennifer. “E. Palo Alto Murder Rate Worst in U.S.; Drug Wars Blamed. Los Angeles Times. January 5, 1993.
Watkins, Gwynne. “Here’s How You Sell a Haunted House.” Vulture. October 22, 2014. http://www.vulture.com/2014/10/heres-how-you-sell-a-haunted-house.html
Watson, Rebecca. “The Science of Wind Turbine Syndrome.” Popular Science. October 25, 2013. http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/unpopular-science/%E2%80%9Cscience%E2%80%9D-wind-turbine-syndrome
Weiner, Eric. The Geography of Bliss: A Search for the World’s Most Creative Places, From Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016).
Wellcome Trust. “A Burst from the Blue—Is Bulimia Nervosa Really a Modern Disease?” BrainFacts.org. February 20, 2012. http://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-disorders/psychiatric-disorders/articles/2012/burst-from-the-blue/
Wernau, Julie. “Wind Turbines Stir Up Bad Feelings, Health Concerns in DeKalb County: Proponents Point to Reduced Dependence on Foreign Oil, Say No Evidence of Physiological Harm.” Chicago Tribune. March 14, 2010.
West, Jean. “Holocaust Survivors’ Grandchildren Call for Action over Inherited Trauma.” Guardian. August 3, 2015.
Wheeler, Ladd. “Toward a Theory of Behavioral Contagion.” Psychological Review 76, no. 3 (1966), 179–92.
Wheelock, Angelique Marie. “Passion Is Catching: Emotional Contagion and Affective Action in Select Works by Shakespeare.” Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Maryland. 2011.
Whippman, Ruth. “America the Anxious.” New York Times. September 22, 2012.
Widom, Cathy S., Michael G. Maxfield. “An Update on the “Cycle of Violence.” National Institute of Justice. February 2001. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/184894.pdf
Wieczner, Jen. “Is There a Suicide Contagion on Wall Street?” Fortune. February 27, 2014.
Wikipedia. “Day-care Sex-Abuse Hysteria.” Wikipedia.com. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day-care_sex-abuse_hysteria
Wilne, Andrew N. “An Explanation for Mass Hysteria?” Medscape.com. July 11, 2012. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/766971
Wilson, Mike. “A Search for Victims Quest Search for the Truth in California Child Abuse Case Has Cost the Taxpayers Six Years, $15 Million.” Miami Herald. November 13, 1989.
Wilson, Robert A., and Frank C. Keil, “Magic and Superstition.” MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999).
Winerman, Lea. “A Laughing Matter: Psychologists Are Finding That the Ancient Roots of Laughter Predate the Idea of ‘Funny.’” Monitor 37, no. 6 (2006), 58.
Woodruff, Judy. “Army Program Aims to Build Troops’ Mental Resilience to Stress.” PBS NewsHour. December 14, 2011.
Woodruff, Mandi. “‘Keeping Up with the Joneses’ Could Lead to Suicide.” Business Insider. November 12, 2012. http://www.businessinsider.com/link-between-wealth-and-suicide-rates-san-francisco-federal-reserve-2012-11
Yang, Shannon. “Gunn Students Voice Experiences at Student Forum.” Oracle (Henry M. Gunn High School, Palo Alto, student newspaper). March 24, 2015. https://gunnoracle.com/2015/03/24/gunn-students-voice-experiences-at-student-forum/
Yoo, Aileen. “Third Gunn Student Attempts Suicide.” San Francisco Chronicle. June 5, 2009. http://blog.sfgate.com/stew/2009/06/05/third-gunn-student-attempts-suicide/
Young, Sandra. “New Study Supports Suicide ‘Contagion’ in Teens.” CNN.com. May 21, 2013. http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2013/05/21/new-study-supports-suicide-contagion-in-teens/
Young, Steve. “Why Are Young Lakota Killing Themselves? South Dakota Reservation’s Suicide Rate Said to Be Among Highest in World.” Argus Leader. September 20, 2008.
Young, Thomas W., Suzanna E. Wooden, Paul C. Dew, Gerald L. Hoff, and Jinwen Cai. “The Richard Cory Phenomenon: Suicide and Wealth in Kansas City, Missouri.” Journal Forensic Science 50, no. 2 (April 2005), 443‒47
Zadrozny, Brandy. “The Werther Effect: Teen Copycat Suicides Are a Real Phenomenon.” Daily Beast. May 1, 2014. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/01/teen-copycat-suicides-are-a-real-phenomenon.html
Zenere, Frank J. “Suicide Clusters and Contagion: Recognizing and Addressing Suicide Contagion Are Essential to Successful Suicide Postvention Efforts.” Principal Leadership (2009), 12–16.
Zepecki, Carol, and Wesley Cedros. “Responding to a Suicide Cluster: Palo Alto School District.” Lessons Learned 5, no. 2 (2010).
Zimbardo, Philip. “What Makes a Hero?” Greater Good. January 18, 2011.
Zirpolo, Kyle. “I'm Sorry: A Long-delayed Apology From One of the Accusers in the Notorious McMartin Pre-School Molestation Case.” Los Angeles Times Magazine. October 30, 2005.
About the Author
Lee Daniel Kravetz has a master’s degree in counseling psychology and is a graduate of the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Journalism. He has written for Psychology Today, the Huffington Post, and the New York Times, among other publications. He lives in Northern California with his wife and children.
Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com.
Also by Lee Daniel Kravetz
Supersurvivors
Copyright
strange contagion. Copyright © 2017 by Lee Daniel Kravetz. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
first edition
Cover design by James Iacobelli
Cover photographs: © Jason Hawkes / Getty Images (houses); © Steve Mann / Shutterstock (train)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kravetz, Lee Daniel, author.
Title: Strange contagion : inside the surprising science of infectious behaviors and viral emotions and what they tell us about ourselves / Lee Daniel Kravetz.
Description: New York : Harper Wave, 2017. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2016058761 (print) | LCCN 2017020424 (ebook) | ISBN 9780062448958 (eBook) | ISBN 9780062448934 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Collective behavior. | Contagion (Social psychology) | Social psychology. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / Emotions. | PSYCHOLOGY / Social Psychology. | PSYCHOLOGY / Interpersonal Relations.
Classification: LCC HM866 (ebook) | LCC HM866 .K733 2017 (print) | DDC 302--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016058761
Digital Edition JUNE 2017 ISBN: 978-0-06-244895-8
Print ISBN: 978-0-06-244893-4
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty. Ltd.
Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street
Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
www.harpercollins.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Canada
2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor
Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
www.harpercollins.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand
Unit D1, 63 Apollo Drive
Rosedale 0632
Auckland, New Zealand
www.harpercollins.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
1 London Bridge Street
London SE1 9GF, UK
www.harpercollins.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
195 Broadway
New York, NY 10007
www.harpercollins.com
Strange Contagion Page 23