18. On this subject, see Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (New York: Random House, 1995).
19. Marlise Simons,“Land of Descartes Under the Spell of Druids?,” New York Times, April 30, 1996, p. A4.
20. John R. Searle, “Rationality and Realism, What is at Stake?,” Daedalus, Fall 1993, p. 55.
21. Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt. Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).
22. Ibid., p. 3.
23. Ibid., p. 5.
24. Ibid., pp. 223–4.
25. Ibid., p. 24.
26. Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (New York: The Free Press, 1994).
27. Himmelfarb, On Looking Into The Abyss, p. 132.
28. David Lehman, Signs of the Times: Deconstruction and the Fall of Paul deMan (New York: Poseidon Press, 1991).
29. Robert H. Bork, The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law (New York: Free Press, 1990).
30. Alan D. Sokal, “Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformation Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity,” Social Text, Spring/Summer 1996, p. 217.
31. Alan D. Sokal. “A Physicist Experiments with Culture Studies,” Linguafranca, May/June 1996, p. 62.
32. Ibid., p. 63.
33. Malcolm W. Browne, “Scientists Deplore Flight From Reason,” New York Times, June 6, 1995, p. CI.
34. Ibid.
Chapter 14
1. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy In America, ed. Phillips Bradley (New York: Vintage Books, 1945), vol. 1, pp. 315–8.
2. Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 25–33.
3. James Q. Wilson, On Character (Washington, DC: The AEI Press, 1995), p. 28.
4. Christopher Lasch, The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy (New York: W.W. Norton, 1995), p. 215.
5. Richard John Neuhaus, The Naked Public Square: Religion and Democracy in America (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1984).
6. C. S. Lewis, “On Ethics,” The Seeing Eye and Other Selected Essays From Christian Reflections, ed. Walter Hooper (New York: Ballentine Books, 1992), pp. 74–5.
7. Wilson, p. 28.
8. James Q. Wilson, The Moral Sense (New York: The Free Press, 1993), p. 9.
9. Irving Kristol, “The Cultural Revolution and the Capitalist Future,” Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea (New York: The Free Press, 1995), pp. 132–3.
10. Letter to the Editor, Wall Street Journal, February 26, 1993, p. A15.
11. C. S. Lewis, p. 61.
12. Ibid., p. 63.
13. Jose Ortega y Gassett, Revolt of the Masses (New York: W.W. Norton, 1957), pp. 135–6.
14. Recent sociological surveys are summarized in Kenneth L. Woodward, “The Rites of Americans,” Newsweek, November 29, 1993, p. 80.
15. Stanley K. Henshaw and Jane Silverman, “The Characteristics and Prior Contraceptive Use of U.S. Abortion Patients,” Family Planning Perspectives, July/August 1988, pp. 158, 162.
16. James Hitchcock, “Conservative Bishops, Liberal Results,” Catholic World Report, May 1995, p. 22.
17. Frederic Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920’s (New York: Harper & Row, 1959), p. 164.
18. Charles J. Sykes, A Nation of Victims: The Decay of the American Character (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992), p. 51.
19. See Herbert Schlossberg, Idols for Destruction: Christian Faith and Its Confrontation with American Society (Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1990), chapter 4.
20. See, for example, George Gilder, “The Materialist Superstition,” The Intercollegiate Review, Spring 1996, p. 6.
21. L.H. Gann and Peter Duignan, “The New Left and the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s: A Reevaluation,” Hoover Institution, Stanford, CA, 1995, p. 30.
22. K. L. Billingsley, From Mainline To Sideline: The Social Witness of the National Council of Churches (Washington, DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1990), p. 180.
23. Ernest W. Lefever, Nairobi to Vancouver: The World Council of Churches and the World, 1973–87 (Washington, DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1987), pp. 4–5, 56. Dr. Lefever’s previous book on the WCC was Amsterdam to Nairobi: The World Council of Churches and the Third World (1979). The WCC was formed at Amsterdam and the Assembly before Vancouver met in Nairobi.
24. “Petition Campaign Advances,” Institute on Religion and Democracy, Presbyterian Action Briefing, Winter 1996.
25. “Episcopal Women’s Unit Co-Sponsors Radical Feminist Conference,” Institute on Religion and Democracy, Episcopal Action Briefing, Winter 1996.
26. “UM Board Backs Puerto Rican Terrorists,” Institute on Religion and Democracy, UM Action Briefing, Winter 1996.
27. “Global Ministries Bashes Republicans, Praises UN Women’s Summit,” Institute on Religion and Democracy, UM Action Briefing, Winter 1996.
28. Frederick P. Jones, Dana Preusch, and Lonni Jackson, “Documenting the Old-line/Ecumenical Anti-War Movement: Consistent Themes, Faulty Premises” (Washington, DC: Institute on Religion and Democracy, June 1991), p. 5.
29. Alan Wisdom, “An Open Circle of Conversation,” Mainstream, Fall 1992, p. 1.
30. “Religion in America,” The Public Perspective, March/April 1993, p. 6.
31. Larry Witham, “Protestant Churches Unite, Push Tolerance,” Washington Times, July 31, 1993, p. C4.
32. Arthur M. Matthews, “Religion Watch,” World, July 27, 1991, p. 19.
33. Joyce Little, The Church and the Culture War: Secular Anarchy or Sacred Order (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1995), p. 75.
34. William Oddie, What Will Happen to God?: Feminism and the Reconstruction of Christian Belief (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1988), p. 143.
35. Robert Sokolowski, “Splitting the Faithful: Inclusive Language Is Wrong Biblically, Pastorally, and Doctrinally,” Crisis, March 1993, p. 25.
36. Paul Mankowski, “When Words Become Weapons: Voices of Wrath,” Crisis, December 1992, p. 25.
37. Donna Steichen, UNGoDLY RaGE (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992), p. 23.
38. See Robert H. Bork, “What To Do About the First Amendment,” Commentary, February, 1995, p. 23. For lengthier discussions of the historical evidence, see Walter Berns, The First Amendment and the Future of American Democracy (Chicago: Gateway Editions, 1985); Robert Cord, Separation of Church and State (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988); and C. Antieau, A. Downey, and E. Roberts, Freedom from Federal Establishment: Formation and Early History of the First Amendment Religion Clauses (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing, 1964).
39. Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203,313 (1963).
40. Fred Barnes, “Faithful Bigots,” Forbes Media Critic, vol. 1, no. 2, 1994, p. 10.
41. David Brooks, “The Naked Public Cave,” Weekly Standard, April 22, 1996, p. 14.
42. Joe Maxwell, “A Caveman With Convictions,” World, April 20, 1996, p. 12.
43. Jason Goodwin, “Where Heretics Fought and Lost,” New York Times, April 14, 1996, p. 13.
44. Hitchcock, p. 26.
45. Joe Maxwell, “Promise Keepers’ Parachurch Paradigm,” World, March 2, 1996, p. 13.
46. James Fitzjames Stephen, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, ed. Stuart D. Warner (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1993), p. 3.
47. Michael J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (New York: The Free Press, 1996).
48. Patrick Glynn, “Beyond the Death of God,” National Review, May 6, 1996, p. 28. See also John Gribben and Martin Rees, Cosmic Coincidences: Dark Matter, Mankind, and Anthropic Cosmology (New York: Bantam Books, 1989).
49. Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976), p. 517.
Chapter 15
1. John Gray, Post-liberalism: Studies in political thought (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 45.
2. Steven Emerson, “The Other Fundamentalists
,” The New Republic, June 12, 1995, p. 22.
3. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: WW. Norton, 1992), p. 41.
4. See, generally, The Failure of Bilingual Education, ed. Jorge Amselle (Washington, DC: Center for Equal Opportunity, 1996).
5. Richard Bernstein, Dictatorship of Virtue: Multiculturalism and the Battle for America’s Future (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), p. 244. The interior quotation is from Jim Cummins, Empowering Minority Students, California Association for Bilingual Education, Sacramento, 1989, p. ix.
6. Ibid., p. 244.
7. Ibid., pp. 245–6. The interior quotation is from A Curriculum of Inclusion: Report of the Commissioner’s Task Force on Minorities: Equity and Excellence (Albany, July 1989).
8. Bernstein, pp. 6–7, 9.
9. Lynne V. Cheney, Telling the Truth: Why Our Culture and Our Country Have Stopped Making Sense—and What We Can Do About It (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 29.
10. Bernstein, p. 58.
11. Ibid.
12. David O. Sacks and Peter A. Thiel, The Diversity Myth: “Multiculturalism” and the Politics of Intolerance at Stanford (Oakland: The Independent Institute, 1995), p. 18, note 5.
13. John Leo, Two Steps Ahead of the Thought Police (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 307.
14. Schlesinger, p. 68.
15. Bernstein, p. 37.
16. Nick Felten, “Enforcing Diversity at DePaul,” Campus: America’s Student Newspaper, Fall 1995, pp. 13, 19.
17. Peter Berger, A Far Glory: The Quest for Faith in an Age of Credulity (New York: The Free Press, 1992), p. 85.
18. Katherine J. Mayberry, “White Feminists Who Study Black Writers,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 12, 1994, p. A48.
19. Jose Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses (New York: W.W. Norton, 1957), p. 134.
20. Schlesinger, p. 18.
21. Ortega y Gasset, p. 76.
Chapter 16
1. Sir Henry Sumner Maine, Popular Government (London: 1886), p. 1.
2. Ibid., p. 2.
3. Ibid., p. 5.
4. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon Books, 1992).
5. Lino Graglia, “It’s Not Constitutionalism, It’s Judicial Activism,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Winter 1996, pp. 298–9.
6. John Gray, Post-Liberalism: Studies in Political Thought (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 45.
7. Randall Jarrell, Pictures from an Institution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954), p. 221.
8. James K. Glassman, “Jobs: The (Woe Is) Me Generation,” Washington Post, March 19, 1996, p. A17.
9. David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961), abr. ed., pp. 225–35.
10. The quotes in this and the subsequent four paragraphs are from Robert Lerner, Althea K. Nagai, and Stanley Rothman, American Elites (New Haven Yale University Press, in press), chapter 4.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Robert Nisbet, Tunlight of Authority (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), pp. 223–9.
14. Martin Mayer, Today and Tomorrow in America (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1976), p. 4.
15. Peter L. Berger and Richard John Neuhaus, To Empower People: From State to Civil Society, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: The AEI Press, 1996).
16. Stanley Rothman, “The Decline of Bourgeois America.” Society, Jan/Feb 1996, p. 13.
Chapter 17
1. Friedrich A. Hayek, “Postscript: Why I Am Not a Conservative,” The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1960), p. 398.
2. Paul Hollander, “Reassessing the Adversary Culture,” Academic Questions, Spring 1996, p. 37.
3. Thomas Cahill, How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland’s Heroic Role from the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe (New York: Nan A. Talese, 1995), p. 4.
4. Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Atheneum, 1980), p. 143.
5. Richard John Neuhaus, “Second Thoughts,” Second Thoughts: Former Radicals Look Back At The Sixties, eds. Peter Collier and David Horowitz (Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1989), p. 9.
6. Roger Scruton, “Godless Conservatism.” Wall Street Journal, April 5, 1996, p. A8.
7. James Q. Wilson, The Moral Sense (New York: The Free Press, 1993), p. 9.
8. “Virtue Unrewarded,” The Spectator, November 7, 1992, p.5.
9. Jason DeParle, “Merle Haggard; Under the Growl, a Crooner,” New York Times, July 29, 1993, p. CI.
Afterword
1. Kenneth Minogue, “‘Christophobia’ and the west,” The New Criterion, June 2003, pp. 1,9.
2. 529 U.S. 803.
3. 152 L Ed 2d 403.
4. See David Horowitz, Uncivil Wars: The Controversy Over Reparations for Slavery (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002).
5. Horowitz, Uncivil Wars.
6. Ibid., passim.
7. John Leo, “Diarist: ‘Academic Freedom,’” City Journal, Winter 1999, p. 116.
8. John Leo, “Free speech as a tool of oppressors,” San Diego Union Tribune, “Section: Opinion,” March 10, 2001.
9. John Leo. “Lovely monsters,” U.S. News & World Report, March 5, 2001, p. 14.
10. Eli Lehrer, “Another result of racial politics on campus: Speech,” The American Enterprise, April/May 2003, pp. 40, 42.
11. Diane Ravitch, The Language Police (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), p. 27.
12. Ibid., p. 22.
13. Ibid., pp. 29–30.
14. Ibid., p. 149.
15. Ibid., p. 155.
16. 424 U.S. 1.
17. 528 U.S. 377.
18. Grutter v. Bollinger, 123 S. Ct. 2325 (2003).
19. Michael Kinsley, “Want diversity? Think fuzzy,” Washington Post, June 25, 2003, p. A23.
20. Mark Steyn, “Counting on diversity in court,” Washington Times, June 29, 2003, p. B3.
21. Powell, J., concurring in Regents of Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978).
22. The opinion is replete with such gibberish. “To be narrowly tailored, a race-conscious admissions program cannot use a quota system—it cannot ‘insulat[e] each category of applicants with certain desired qualifications from competition with all other applicants’ [citing Justice Powell in Bakke]. A university may consider race or ethnicity only as a ‘plus’ for a particular applicant, without ‘insulat[ing] the individual from competition with all other candidates for the available seats’… [A]n admissions program must be ‘flexible enough to consider all pertinent elements of diversity in light of the particular qualifications of each applicant, and to place them on the same footing for consideration, although not necessarily according them the same weight.”’ If that means anything, it is that black applicants get a “plus” that insulates them from competition with otherwise equally or better qualified white or Asian applicants.
23. Peter Wood, Diversity: The Invention of a Concept (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2003), pp. 98,246.
24. Shelby Steele, “A victory for white guilt,” Wall Street Journal, June 26, 2003, p. A16.
25. No. 02–102 Slip Op. (2003).
26. Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).
27. Stanford et al., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, Vol. 58 (2001).
28. Fergusson et al., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2000).
29. Jeffrey Satinover, “The biology of homosexuality: Science or politics?,” Homosexuality and American Public Life, ed. Christopher Wolfe (Dallas: Spence Publishing Co., 1999), p. 22.
30. Richard Fitzgibbons, “The origins and therapy of same-sex attraction disorder,” Ibid., p.92.
31. Ibid., p. 95.
32. Joseph Nicolosi, “The gay deception,” ibid., p. 98.
33. William Bennett. The Broken Hearth: Reversing the Moral Collapse of the American Family (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p. 113.
34. Mary Eberstadt, �
�Pedophilia chic,” The Weekly Standard, June 17, 1996, p. 28.
35. Mary Eberstadt, “‘Pedophilia chic’ reconsidered,” The Weekly Standard, January 1/January 8, 2001, p. 19.
36. Fitzgibbons, Ibid., p. 85.
37. Amy Fagan, “Study finds gay unions brief,” Washington Times, July 11, 2003.
38. Minogue, “‘Christophobia’ and the west,” pp. 9–10.
39. Robert Bork, Coercing Virtue: The Worldwide Rule of Judges (Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 2003).
40. Linda Greenhouse, “Heartfelt Words from the Rehnquist Court,” New York Times, July 6, 2003, p. 3.
† Reprinted in James Millers “Democracy Is in the Streets”: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago. Miller’s subtitle rather neatly sums up the progression inherent in the manifesto.
† In many ways, I understand the Sixties generation because at that stage of life, I reacted similarly. Suburban, middle-class life seemed stifling. Dixieland jazz was my rock and roll. All night partying was my escape, political radicalism my protest. The superintendent of schools in a heavily Republican suburb had to be brought in to prevent me from running an editorial in the high school newspaper calling for the nationalization of industry. Denunciations of bourgeois values rolled easily off my tongue. Fortunately, mine was not a large generation and very few of my high school classmates…none to be precise…felt the same way. There was no critical mass. By the time I got to the University of Chicago, where there were student radicals, I had been in the Marine Corps, an organization well known for teaching the reality principle to its recruits; and the Chicago school of free market economists educated me out of my dreams of socialism. I was fortunate; the Sixties generation was not. On this disposition of the young, see Lipset (note 8), especially chapter 1, “Sources of Student Activism.”
† Berger noted that two themes of fascism were missing in the student radical movement…nationalism and the authoritarian leadership principle. Yet “the new radicals have shown a considerable capacity for what could be called vicarious nationalism” in uncritical identification with black nationalism, not even shrinking from its anti-Semitic undertones (today, no longer an undertone), and “vicarious solidarity with the virulent nationalisms of the Third World.” He thought a charismatic leader, cynically using the democratic rhetoric of the radicals, could overcome their antiauthority stance. If so, we are lucky such a leader did not emerge.
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