reconversion to Judaism, 52
see also Marranos
Córdoba: Moors, 28, 38
Sephardim, 27, 38, 43
Coronel (family), 47
Cotton, John, 146
Crane, Capt. William, 215–16, 218, 219
Crawford, William H., 206
Cresquea, Judah, 45
Curaçao: Sephardic cemetery, 51
Da Costa (family), 322; see also Mendes–da Costa (family)
Da Costa, Benjamin, 196
Da Costa, Moses, 196
d’Acosta, Joseph, 69
Dale, Clara, 285–86, 289
Dandrada, Salvador, 69
d’Angers, Pierre Jean David, 236
da Silva (family), 8, 11, 185–86, 188
Da Silva, Duarte, 185
da Silva, Miguel Pacheco, see Seixas, Abraham Mendes
Da Silva Solis (Da Silva y Solis: family), see Solis (family)
Daughters of the American Revolution, 158
Davis, Jefferson, 271, 275
de Fonseca (family), 8, 321, 322
de Fonseca, Cardinal, 321
de Fonseca, Dona Isabel, 186
de Fonseca–Brnndon (family), 320–22
de Fonseca–Brandon, James, 320–21
De Lamar, Alice A., 323, 324
De Lamar, Raphael, 323
de la Motthe, Jacques, 53–59 passim, 61, 63
De Lancey (family), 4, 165
De Lancey, Charlotte, see Dundas, Lady David
De Lancey, Oliver, 164–65, 166
De Lancey, Mrs. Oliver (Phila Franks), 164–65, 166
De Lancey, Oliver, Jr., 167, 168
De Lancey, Phila, see Payne-Gallwey, Mrs. Stephen
De Lancey, Stephen, 166
De Lancey, Mrs. Stephen (Cornelia Barclay), 166
De Lancey, Susannah, see Draper, Lady William
De Lancey, Sir William Howe, 166
de Leon (family), 73
de Leon, Jacob, 196, 197
de Lucena (family), 71, 102, 347–48
de Lucena, Abraham, 7, 11, 68, 69, 71, 73, 351
de Lucena, Abraham Haim, 71–72
de Lucena, Rebecca, 73
Denmark: slave trade, 104, 106
Depew, Chauncey, 317
de Peyster (family), 101
De Piza (Dias), Abraham Israel, 56, 57, 58
de Rham, Henry C., 261
de Sola (family), 8, 18–19
de Sola, Aaron, 19
de Sola, Don Bartolomé, 19
de Sola, Baruch ben Isaac Ibn Daud, 18–19
de Sola, David Aaron, 18
de Sola, Eliza, see Mendes, Mrs. Abraham Pereira
de Sola, Isaac, 19
de Sola, Michael Ibn Daud, 19
de Torres, Luis, 46
de Torres, Rebecca, see Gomez, Mrs. Daniel
de Vera, Don Lope, 84
Deza, Diego, 84–85
Digby, Edward Kenelm Digby, Baron, 176
Disraeli, Benjamin, 271
Draper, Lady William (Susannah De Lancey), 166
Dreyfous (family), 7
Dundas, Lady David (Charlotte De Lancey), 166
Dunphy, Thomas, 283
Dutch West India Company, 51, 61, 63–65, 69, 70
Dutch West Indies: Sephardim, 21, 51
Edgeworth, Maria, 264, 269–70
Edict of Nantes, 91
Edman, Irwin, 304
Einglish, William, 109–15 passim
Ellery, Lt. Frank, 225–26
Ellis, George, 286, 287
Ely, Nathan, 251
England, 50–51
Sephardim, 15, 19, 330
anti-Semitism, 101
in colonies, 65
expulsion, 76
slave trade, 104, 106
see also New York (English colony)
Etting (family), 159, 162, 177
Etting, Emlen, 159
Etting, Esther, see Hays, Mrs. David
Etting, Reuben, 160
Etting, Reuben II, 177
Evans, Margaret, see Franks, Mrs. David
Ewing, Samuel, 179–80
Faro, David Israel, 56
Federation of Polish Jews of America, 156, 157
Ferdinand, King of Aragon, 39–44, 46, 47, 82
Ferdinand III, King, 30–31
Fita, Fidel, 80–81
Florance (family), 311
Florance, Annette, see Nathan, Mrs. Robert Weeks
Florance, Ted, 311, 312
Florance, Mrs. Ted (Rosalie Nathan), 312–13
Florance, Mrs. William, 311–12
Forrester, Billy, 286–87
France: Edict of Nantes, 91
Jews, 33
Sephardim, in colonies, 65
slave trade, 104, 106
Franco (family), 342–13; see also Franks (family)
Franco, Gen. Francisco, 342
Franco, Nicolao, 42
Frankfurter, Felix, 304
Franklin, Benjamin, 147, 182
Franks (family), 6, 148, 155, 161, 162, 177
Franks, Aaron, 61
Franks, Abigail, see Hamilton, Mrs. Andrew
Franks, David, 161, 166, 171–73, 175, 177, 228
Franks, Mrs. David (Margaret Evans), 166
Franks, Col. David Salisbury, 182
Franks, Isaac, 152, 165
Franks, Jacob, 161
Franks, Mrs. Jacob (Abigail Levy), 161, 163–65, 166
Franks, Moses, 148
Franks, Naphtali (“Heartsey”), 163, 164
Franks, Mrs. Naphtali (Phila Franks), 167
Franks, Phila, see De Lancey, Mrs. Oliver; Franks, Mrs. Naphtali
Franks, Rachel, see Salomon, Mrs. Haym
Franks, Rebecca, see Johnson, Lady Henry
Franks, Richa, 164
Fulton, Robert, 195
Gansevoort, Leonard, 148
Gaon, Dr. Solomon, 343, 344
Garrison, Washington, 204
Germany: Jews, 3, 25, 26, 27, 33; see also Ashkenazim
Gerstein, Dr. Louis C., 344
Gilder, Richard Watson, 317
Gillespie, George J., 322–28 passim
Gillette (family), 181
Ginillo (family), see Santangel (family)
Girón, Don Pedro, 41
Goldstone, Harmon Hendricks, 351
Goldstone, Lafayette, 8
Goldstone, Mrs. Lafayette, 303, 304, 305, 351–53
Gomez (family), 7, 11, 21, 72–73, 74, 99, 102, 117, 139, 148, 295, 347
in Spain, 88–89, 90, 91
Gomez, Alfonso, 89
Gomez, Daniel, 92–98 passim, 102, 117–20, 128
Gomez, Mrs. Daniel (Rebecca de Torres), 92
Gomez, Mrs. Daniel (Esther Levy), 92
Gomez, David, 164
Gomez, Esther, see Gomez, Mrs. Moses
Gomez, Eve Esther, see Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah
Gomez, Isaac (b. 1620), 89, 90–91
Gomez, Isaac, Jr. (18th cent.), 120
Gomez, Isaac (18th cent.), 191
Gomez, Joseph Edwin, Jr., 99
Gomez, Lewis (Louis) Moses, 88, 90, 91–92
Gomez, Mrs. Lewis (Esther Marques), 91
Gomez, Mathias, 132
Gomez, Mordecai, 266
Gomez, Moses, 98, 120, 128
Gomez, Mrs. Moses (Esther Gomez), 120
Gomez, Violante de Santangel, 89
González de Mendoza, Cardinal Pedro, 43
Goodwin (family), 4
Goodwin, Dr. Lyde, 5
Gorme, Eydie, 24
Gould, Jay, 292, 293–94, 295
Granada: Alhambra, 28
Cathedral, tomb of Ferdinand and Isabella, 39–40
Moors, 28, 33, 43
Sephardim, 27, 88
Gratz (family), 162, 177, 178, 181–82
Gratz, Benjamin III, 181
Gratz, Helen, see Rockefeller, Mrs. Godfrey S.
Gratz, Henry Howard, 181
Gratz, Joseph, 177
Gratz, Michael, 175, 177
Gratz, Rebecca, 176–82 passim, 229
Gratz, Simon, 187
Great Seal (U.S.), 147
Greece: Sephardim, 50, 336, 337, 338; see also Sephardim, Levantine Sephardim
Guggenheim (family), 3
Guiana: Sephardim, 51
Gurney, Gene and Clare, 349
Hale, John P., 245
Hamilton, Andrew, 176
Hamilton, Mrs. Andrew (Abigail Franks), 166–67, 173, 176
Hart (family), 7, 21, 126, 348
Hart, Isaac, 126
Hart, Jacob, 229
Hassan, Suley, 186
Hay, Mary Garrett, 315
Hays (family), 21, 139, 159, 162, 177, 190
Hays, Catherine, 140
Hays, Caty, see Sarzedas, Mrs. Abraham
Hays, Charity, see Solis, Mrs. Jacob da Silva
Hays, David, 159–60, 167
Hays, Mrs. David (Esther Etting), 159, 160, 167
Hays, Judah, 189
Hays, Moses, 140
Hays, Rachel, 189
Hays, Rebecca, 140
Hays, Mrs. Samuel, 177
Hebrew language, 229, 338–39
Hellman, George, 305
Hendricks (family), 7, 11, 16, 21, 60, 68, 73, 117, 190, 261, 262, 263, 322, 344
Hendricks, Emily, see Nathan, Mrs. Benjamin Seixas
Hendricks, Harmon, 7, 191–99, 260, 261
Hendricks, Henry, 199, 251, 260
Hendricks, Mrs. Henry (Harriet Tobias), 260
Hendricks, Mrs. Henry S. (Rosalie Nathan), 16–18, 265
Hendricks, Hermoine, see Tobias, Mrs. Isaac
Hendricks, Montague, 199
Hendricks, Roselane, see Tobias, Mrs. Henry
Hendricks, Sally, 197–98
Hendricks, Uriah, 7, 190–91
Hendricks, Uriah II, 260
Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah (Eve Esther Gomez), 190, 191
Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah II (Fanny Lopez), 190
Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah, II, (Fanny Tobias), 260
Hendricks, Uriah II, 199
Hendricks, Ziporah Levy, 6
Henriques (family), 16; see also Hendricks (family)
Henriques, Jacob, 69
Henry (family), 195
Hitler, Adolf, 341, 342, 352
Hoffman, Matilda, 178
Hoffman, Ogden, 178
Holland: Brazil as colony, 51–52, 53, 62, 65, 66
Dutch West India Company, 51, 61, 63–65, 69, 70
Dutch West Indies, 21, 51
New Amsterdam, see New York (New Amsterdam)
Sephardim, 15, 19, 20, 21, 50, 51, 53, 62, 67, 69, 330
slave trade, 104, 106
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 304
Hopkins (family), 4
Hopkins, Samuel, 104
Howe, Gen. Sir William, 167
Indians, 62, 94–95
Jews, identification with, 95–96
Ingersoll (family), 4, 162
Innocent III, Pope, 33
Inquisition, 52, 74–76; see also Spain, Inquisition
Irving, Washington, 178, 179
Isaacs, Solomon, 195
Isabella, Queen, 39–46 passim, 76, 82
Italy: Jews, 33
Jackson, Andrew, 239
Jacobs, Samuel, 138
Jacobs, Mrs. Samuel (Rosette), 138
James I, King of Aragon, 30
Jefferson, Thomas, 147, 153, 202, 235–36, 237, 238, 350
Jews and Judaism: anti-Semitism, 61–70 passim, 76, 101, 221–22, 227, 243, 250, 251, 252
see also Spain, Sephardim, anti-Semitism
conversions to Christianity, 8, 25, 231
see also Conversos, Sephardim
ghettos, 27
Hebrew language, 229, 338–39
identification badge and dress, 33–34, 37, 38, 81–82, 352
Indians, identification with, 95–96
Jewishness descendant from distaff side, 5
Mosaic Code, 146
Reform movement, 231, 307, 331
slave trade, 103, 108
taxation, 26–27
Yiddish language, 231
zekhut avot (ancestral merit), 10
see also Ashkenazim ; Sephardim
John II, King of Castile, 35
John II, King of Portugal, 32
Johnson, Lady Henry (Rebecca Franks), 6, 166–77 passim, 200–01
Johnson, Sir Henry, 6, 175
Johnston, Johnny, 264–65
Johnston, Mrs. Johnny (Annie Lazarus), 264–65, 267
Jones, Thomas Catesby, 218
Joy, Levi, 205
Juana la Loca (Joan the Mad), 85, 89
Judah, DeWitt Clinton, 6
Judah, Walter J., 348
Judaism, see Jews and Judaism
Kamen, Henry, 81
Keenan, Annie, 283, 287
Kelly, Mrs., 276–77, 277–78, 281
Kelly, David, 313, 314
Kelly, William, 276, 281, 287, 288
Kierstede (family), 101
King (family), 263
Kohler, Max J., 156
Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 154
Kuhn (family), 3
Kuhn, Loeb & Company, 4
La Caballería (family), 41
Ladino language (Judeo-Spanish), 31, 331, 338–39
Lane, Amos, 236
Langdon, Rev. Samuel, 147
Lazarus (family), 4, 26, 266–67, 337, 344, 348
Lazarus, Annie, see Johnson, Mrs. Johnny
Lazarus, Emma, 4, 12, 265, 266, 277
Lazarus, Frank, 266–67
Lazarus, Jacob Hart, 265, 353
Lazarus, Mrs. Jacob Hart (Amelia Barnard Tobias), 7, 265–69, 270
Lazarus, Sarah, 266
Lee, Gen. Charles, 170–71
Lehman (family), 3
Lehr, Harry, 270
Levy (family), 4–5, 71, 73, 92, 126, 136, 148, 161, 162, 201, 263, 337
Levy, Abigail, see Franks, Mrs. Jacob
Levy, Amelia, see Von Mayhoff, Mrs. Amelia Levy
Levy Levy, Asser, 56, 72
Levy, Benjamin, 201
Levy, Esther, see Gomez, Mrs. Daniel
Levy, Fanny, see Lopez, Mrs. Abraham
Levy, Jacob, 117
Levy, Jefferson, 257, 263, 349–50
Levy, L. A., Jr., 135, 136, 137
Levy, Mrs. L. Napoleon, 263
Levy, Moses, 70–71
Levy, Nathan, 201
Levy, Rachel, 350
Levy, Samson, 161, 201
Levy, Uriah Phillips, 200–27, 233, 235–54, 256, 257, 258, 259, 271, 348–19, 350
Levy, Mrs. Uriah Phillips (Virginia Lopez), 246, 249, 253–58
Lewis, Harold L., 348, 350
Livingston (family), 4, 263
Lockerman (family), 101
Lodge (family), 4
Loeb (family), 3, 4
Loeb, Carl Morris, 329
Loeb, Mrs. Carl Morris (Adeline Moses), 329
Loeb, John L., 9, 329
Loeb, Rhoades & Company, 9
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 130
Lopez (family), 8, 122, 126, 127, 139, 144, 148, 195, 271, 347
Lopez, Aaron, 102, 108–30 passim, 139
Lopez, Mrs. Aaron (Abigail or Anna), 102, 116–17, 161
Lopez, Mrs. Aaron (Sally Rivera), 117
Lopez, Abraham, 246
Lopez, Mrs. Abraham (Fanny Levy), 246
Lopez, Hannah, 117
Lopez, Moses, 102
Lopez, Rebecca, see Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah
Lopez, Rebecca Touro, 142
Lopez, Samuel, 195
Lopez, Sarah (Sally), see Mendes, Mrs. Abraham Pereira
Lopez, Virginia, see Levy, Mrs. Uriah Phillips
López de Ayala, Pedro, 37
Lopez-Lopez, Rachel, 117
Los Angeles: Sephardim, 338
Lowell, Josephine Shaw, 317
Lumbroso, Mose, 56, 58
Lutherans: Dutch persecution, 62, 63,
64
first American church, 72
Lyons, Sarah, 309
McAllister, Ward, 60, 270
McBlair (family), 4
McCann, John H., 293
McClure (family), 181
Mackay, Mrs. Clarence, 315
Madison, James, 153–54, 194, 261
Maduro (family), 190
Maduro, Levy, 189
Maduro, Mrs. Levy (Cohen Peixotto), 189
Maduro-Peixotto (family), 189
Maduro-Peixotto, Moses Levy, 190
Mangam, John, 279, 280
Marks, Albert J. “Reley,” 132–35
Marques, Esther, see Gomez, Mrs. Lewis
Marranos, 35, 46, 51, 56, 78–79, 87–88, 330–31; see also Conversos, Sephardim
Marshall (family), 181
Martinez, Don Ferrán, 37
Martinique: Sephardim, 65
Martya, Jan, 57–58
Mathews, Annie, 322
Mayhew, Rev. Jonathan, 147
Mears, Judah, 165
Megapolensis, Rev. John, 63
Mellish, Kitty (Caterina Mendes–da Costa Villa-Real Mellish), 321
Mellon (family), 270
Mendes (family), 8, 18–19, 19–20, 121, 126, 188, 271
Mendes, Abraham Pereira II, 9
Mendes, Abraham Pereira I, 121–25 passim, 128
Mendes, Mrs. Abraham Pereira (Eliza de Sola), 19
Mendes, Mrs. Abraham Pereira (Sarah or Sally Lopez), 102, 121–25 passim, 128
Mendes, Dona Caterina, 321
Mendes, David, 125
Mendes, David Franco, 52, 53
Mendes, Don Fernando, 321–22
Mendes, Dona Gracia (Lady Beatrice de Luna), 19–20
Mendes, Henry Pereira, 18, 19, 20
Mendes, Leah, 121, 123–25
Mendes, Piza, 17–20 passim
Mendes–da Costa, Antonio, 321
Mendes–da Costa, Sarah, see de Fonseca–Brandon, Sarah Mendes–da Costa
Mendola (family), 8
Mendoza y Bobadilla, Cardinal Francisco, 78
Mercado (De Mercado; de Mereda), Judith (Judica), 56
Mesoncort, George, 204
Meyer, Dr. Alfred, 316, 317
Meyer, Mrs. Alfred (Annie Nathan), 11–12, 298, 310–11, 313, 315–19 passim, 340
Mill, David, 109–13 passim
Miller, Alice Duer, 318
Miller, Kenneth Hayes, 299
Mills, Harriet May, 315
Minis (family), 195
Monroe, James, 153, 219, 222–23
Moors, 27–36 passim, 43
Conversos, 35–36, 38, 79
and Sephardim, 28–29, 30, 32, 34–35, 36, 44
Morgan (family), 270
Morocco: Sephardim, 50
Morris (family), 163
Morris, Robert, 149, 150, 152, 156, 157
Mosaic Code, 146
Moses (family), 4, 329
Moses, Adeline, see Loeb, Mrs. Carl Morris
Moses, Lion, 152
Moses, Rachel Gratz, 180
Moya, Marquesa de, 41
Nathan (family), 7, 11–16, 21, 51, 60, 68, 73, 188, 259, 263, 273–74, 337, 344
Nathan, Annie, see Meyer, Mrs. Alfred
Nathan, Benjamin Seixas, 275, 276–89, 295
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