45. Violet Bonham Carter, Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Konecky & Konecky, 1965), 184.
46. Daemon is an ancient Greek term for a spirit or supernatural being.
CHAPTER 3: FROM THE ADMIRALTY TO THE TRENCHES
1. René Kraus, Winston Churchill: A Biography (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1940), 100.
2. A. E. Housman, ‘A Shropshire Lad’, xxxv, quoted in Violet Bonham Carter, Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Konecky & Konecky, 1965), 186. Bonham notes that Churchill slightly altered Housman’s original second line, ‘Sleepy with the flow of streams’, to ‘Sleepy with the sound of streams’.
3. Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911–1918 (New York: Free Press, 2005), 41.
4. Ibid.
5. Carter, An Intimate Portrait, 186.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 187.
8. Ibid., 188.
9. Ibid.
10. Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911–1918, Volume I (London: Oldham’s Press, 1938), 49.
11. Ibid.
12. Deuteronomy 9.1–5, KJV.
13. René Kraus, Winston Churchill: A Biography, 141.
14. Winston S. Churchill, World Crisis, 48.
15. Ibid., 319.
16. Ibid., 320.
17. Spencer C. Tucker, ed., World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2014), 445.
18. Ibid.
19. Winston S. Churchill, World Crisis, 327.
20. Carter, An Intimate Portrait, 289.
21. Admiral Sir Roger Keyes, Naval Memoirs, 1910–1915 (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1934), 186.
22. Cited in Carter, An Intimate Portrait, 304.
23. Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1991), 321.
24. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill: Volume 3: The Challenge of War, 1914–1916 (Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College Press, 2008), 564.
25. Kraus, Winston Churchill: A Biography, 201.
26. Ibid.
27. Mary Soames, ed., Winston and Clementine: The Personal Letters of the Churchills (New York: Mariner, 2001), 111.
28. Winston Churchill, The Power of Words, ed. Martin Gilbert (Boston: De Capo Press, 2012), 115.
29. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Volume 3, 566.
30. Ibid., 574.
31. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1932), 69.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 71.
35. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Volume 3, 584.
36. Ibid., 585.
37. Ibid.
38. Mary Soames, Winston and Clementine, 119.
CHAPTER 4: HITLER’S VISION
1. The History Place; ‘Hitler in World War I’. www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/warone.htm.
2. Ibid.
3. Sherree Owens Zalampas, Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art, and Music (Bowling Green, OH: BGSU Popular Press, 1990), 132.
4. August Kubizek, The Young Hitler I Knew: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Childhood Friend (Frontline Books, 2011), 116. Kubizek’s credibility has been called into question, most notably by Franz Jetzinger in his 1958 book entitled Hitler’s Youth but also by Ian Kershaw in his introduction to the 2011 Frontline Books edition of Kubizek’s book that we used in quoting Kubizek’s account. Though at first we were concerned about these critiques, we ultimately decided to trust the conclusions drawn by the Austrian historian Brigitte Hamann (Hitler’s Vienna: A Dictator’s Apprenticeship [1998]), who writes, ‘Altogether, Kubizek is reliable. His book is a rich and unique source for Hitler’s early years’ (Hitler’s Vienna, 56). Also, Ian Kershaw, though critical of Kubizek in many respects, ultimately concludes in his introduction, ‘Kubizek’s book rings true in the portrait of Hitler’s personality and mentality’ (The Young Hitler I Knew, 14). Both of these quotations can also be found in Ben Novak, Hitler and Abductive Logic: The Strategy of a Tyrant (Lexington Books, 2014). Novak, who earned a doctorate in history and philosophy and also practised law for thirty years, concludes that ‘Kubizek’s uncontradicted eyewitness account of Hitler’s conduct on that occasion is strongly corroborated by multiple independent sources, justifying the conclusion that it meets the normal common law standard for primary evidence worthy of prima facie acceptance’ (Hitler and Abductive Logic, 212). See also Ben Novak, ‘Hitler’s Rienzi Experience: Factuality’, in Revista de Historia Actual, vol. 5, no. 5 (2007): 105–16, cited in Hitler and Abductive Logic.
5. Kubizek, Young Hitler, 117.
6. Ibid., 117–18.
7. Ibid., 118.
8. Thomas S. Grey, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Wagner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 36.
9. W. George Scarlett, ‘Spiritual Pathology: The Case of Adolf Hitler’, Religions 2012, 3, 391; www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/3/2/389/htm.
10. George Scarlett, quoting Fritz Redlich, in W. George Scarlett, ‘Spiritual Pathology: The Case of Adolf Hitler’, Religions 2012, 3, 391; www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/3/2/389/pdf. Redlich’s quote is taken from Fritz Redlich, Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 341.
11. W. George Scarlett, ‘Spiritual Pathology: The Case of Adolf Hitler,’ Religions 2012, 3, 391; www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/3/2/389/pdf.
12. See, for example, Exodus 8.22; 1 Samuel 7.10; Isaiah 11.11; Jeremiah 30.8; Ezekiel 29.21; Haggai 2.23; Mark 4.35; Luke 5.17; Luke 8.22; 2 Thessalonians 1.10; Hebrews 4.7.
13. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941), 7–8. Italics added.
14. This quotation is from a translation of Wilhelm Dahm’s biography of Lanz von Liebenfels, Der Mann, der Hitler die Ideen gab (Munich, 1985), cited on the Occult History of the Third Reich blog; http://thirdreichocculthistory.blogspot.com/2013/02/atlantis-und-das-dritte-reich.html.
15. Emmanuel Faye, Heidegger: The Introduction of Nazism into Philosophy in Light of the Unpublished Seminars of 1933–1935 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), 242.
16. Ibid., 316.
17. Tom Rockmore, On Heidegger’s Nazism and Philosophy (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991), 60.
18. John Lukacs, Five Days in London: May 1940 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 10.
19. Ibid., 6.
20. Ibid., 128.
21. Ibid.
22. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 193.
23. Ibid., 194.
24. Ibid.
25. Winston S. Churchill, speech in Amsterdam, 9 May 1948.
26. Shirer, Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 227.
27. Robert G. L. Waite, The Psychopathic God Adolf Hitler (Boston: Da Capo Press, 1993), 31.
28. Ibid.
29. Winston S. Churchill, ‘Painting as a Pastime’, in Thoughts and Adventures: Churchill Reflects on Spies, Cartoons, Flying, and the Future (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2009), 323.
30. Ibid.
31. Daniel 5.27, KJV.
CHAPTER 5: PRIME MINISTER AT LAST
1. Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (New York: Macmillan, 1992), 543.
2. Winston S. Churchill, speech to the House of Commons (London, 13 April 1933).
3. Winston Churchill, speech to the House of Commons in debate, November 28, 1934, vol. 295, cc857-983; retrieved from http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1934/nov/28/debate-on-the-address.
4. Winston S. Churchill, ‘Air Parity Lost’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 2 May 1935). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/air-parity-lost.
5. Stanley Baldwin, speech to the House of Commons in debate, 8 March 1934, vol. 286, cc2027-89; retrieved from http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1934/mar/08/air-estimates-1934#column_2078.
6. Cabinet Minutes, 1 May 1935. Retrieved from nationalarchives.gov.uk.
7. Ibid.
8. John Lukacs, Five Days in London: May 1940 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 23.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. David Cannadine, quoted in John Lukacs, Five Days in London: May 1940 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 21.
12. David Cannadine, Aspects of Aristocracy: Grandeur and Decline in Modern Britain (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994), 132, 147. John Lukacs thought that ‘these generalizations by David Cannadine have the mark of a heavy pen; they are somewhat exaggerated, but they are not without substance’ (Five Days in London, 21).
13. Cannadine, Aspects of Aristocracy, 118.
14. Ibid., 147.
15. John Lukacs, Five Days, 22.
16. Ibid., 23.
17. John Lukacs, The Duel: The Eighty-Day Struggle Between Churchill and Hitler (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), 23.
18. Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, 603.
19. Ibid.
20. Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 665.
21. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Volume 6: Finest Hour, 1939–1941 (Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College Press, 2011), 314.
22. Ibid., 667.
23. Winston Churchill, ‘Their Finest Hour’ (speech to the House of Commons, London 18 June 1940). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/their-finest-hour.
24. Winston Churchill, ‘Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 13 May 1940). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/blood-toil-tears-and-sweat.
25. Gilbert, Finest Hour, 333.
26. John Colville, The Fringes of Power: The Incredible Inside Story of Winston Churchill During World War II (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1985), 129.
27. Ibid., 135.
28. Cited in Lukacs, Five Days in London, 25. The Butler Papers are held at Trinity College, Cambridge.
29. Winston Churchill, ‘We Shall Fight on the Beaches’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 4 June 1940). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches.
30. Winston Churchill, ‘Be Ye Men of Valour’, BBC broadcast, 19 May 1940. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/be-ye-men-of-valour.
31. Judges 6.12, 14, KJV.
32. Richard M. Langworth, ed., Churchill By Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (New York: Public Affairs, 2008), 6.
33. Ibid., 596.
34. Ibid.
CHAPTER 6: CHURCHILL AND THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT
1. Winston Churchill, ‘The Gift of a Common Tongue’ (speech at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 6 September 1943). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1941-1945-war-leader/the-price-of-greatness-is-responsibility.
2. Stephen Mansfield, ‘Why Winston Churchill?’ stephenmansfield.tv, 30 November 2009. For background, see also Stephen Mansfield, Never Give In: The Extraordinary Character of Winston Churchill (Cumberland House, 1997).
3. Winston Churchill, ‘The Munich Agreement’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 5 October 1938). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/the-munich-agreement.
4. Richard M. Langworth, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (New York: Public Affairs, 2008), 170.
5. Winston Churchill, ‘War of the Unknown Warriors’, BBC broadcast, 14 July 1940. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/war-of-the-unknown-warriors.
6. Winston S. Churchill, speech at the Pilgrims Society luncheon for ambassador-designate Lord Halifax, London, 9 January 1941. See Robert Rhodes James, ed., Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1897–1963 (New York: Bowker, 1974), vol. 6, 6327–8.
7. Winston Churchill, ‘The Sinews of Peace’ (speech at Westminster College, Fulton, MO, 5 March 1946). The full text of this speech (also commonly known as the ‘Iron Curtain’ speech) can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-statesman/the-sinews-of-peace.
8. Winston Churchill, ‘A Property-Owning Democracy’ (speech at the Conservative Party Conference, Blackpool, 5 October 1946), in Winston S. Churchill, Never Give In! The Best of Winston Churchill’s Speeches (New York: Hyperion, 2003), 431.
9. Winston Churchill, keynote address (MIT Mid-Century Convocation, Cambridge, MA, 31 March 1949). The full text of this speech can be found online at https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/midcentury/mid-cent-churchill.html.
10. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 461.
11. Stephen Mansfield, ‘The Hidden Calling’, The Christian Post, 19 July 2012; http://blogs.christianpost.com/in-our-time/the-hidden-calling-10923.
12. Ibid.
13. Winston Churchill, ‘The Defence of Freedom and Peace (The Lights Are Going Out)’, broadcast to the United States and to London, 16 October 1938. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/the-defence-of-freedom-and-peace.
14. Editor’s explanatory note in Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 476.
15. Matthew 5.1–10, KJV.
16. Winston Churchill, ‘We Shall Fight on the Beaches’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 4 June 1940). Italics added. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/ 1940-the-finest-hour/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches.
17. Elizabeth Nel, Mr. Churchill’s Secretary (New York: Coward-McCann, 1958), 73.
18. Ibid.
19. Edmund Burke, quoted in Drew Maciag, Edmund Burke in America: The Contested Career of the Father of Modern Conservatism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013), 133.
20. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 369.
21. Proverbs 2.15, NIV.
22. Winston Churchill, speech to the Royal Society of St. John (London, 24 April 1933). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-133/churchill-on-england.
23. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 23.
24. Winston Churchill, ‘War of the Unknown Warriors, 1940’, BBC broadcast, 14 July 1940. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/war-of-the-unknown-warriors-speech.html.
25. Winston S. Churchill, eulogy for Neville Chamberlain, 12 November 1940. The full text of this eulogy can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/neville-chamberlain.
26. Spiros Zodhiates, ed., The Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible (Iowa City, IA: World Bible Publishers), 1699.
27. James 4.8, NIV.
28. Kenneth W. Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View: Statesmanship and Power (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983), 20.
29. Winston Churchill, speech to the House of Commons (London, 3 December 1936).
30. ‘Peace and Solvency,’ The Times (London), 10 November 1951, 7. Cited in Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View, 22.
31. Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View, 22.
32. Andrew Roberts, ‘Churchill Proceedings – Winston Churchill and Religion – A Comfortable Relationship with the Almighty,’ Finest Hour 163, Summer 2014, 52.
33. John Colville, The Fringes of Power: The Incredible Inside Story of Winston Churchill During World War II (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1985), 648.
34. Matthew 5.13–14.
35. Elizabeth Nel, Mr. Churchill’s Secretary, 8.
36. Ibid., 137.
37. Winston S. Churchill, ‘Prime
Minister to Minister for Works and Buildings’, 6 January 1941, in The Second World War, Volume 3: The Grand Alliance. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 723. Cited in Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View, 102.
38. Winston Churchill, ‘The Defence of Freedom and Peace (The Lights Are Going Out),’ broadcast to the United States and to London, 16 October 1938. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/the-defence-of-freedom-and-peace.
39. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1932), 5.
40. Matthew 5.17–19.
41. Winston Churchill, speech at Birmingham Town Hall, 11 November 1903.
42. Ibid.
43. Winston Churchill, memo to General Ismay for the Chiefs of Staff Committee, 6 July 1944, cited in Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life. (New York: Henry Holt, 1991), 782–783. The full text of the memorandum can be found online at www.information clearinghouse.info/article999.htm.
44. Matthew 23.23, KJV.
45. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 299–311.
46. Matthew 5.21–22, 25.
47. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 225.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Winston S. Churchill, Amid These Storms: Thoughts and Adventures (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1932), 203–4.
51. Matthew 5.23–24.
52. Churchill, Amid These Storms, 225–6.
53. Matthew 5.31–32.
54. Alexandra Sifferlin, ‘Top 10 Famous Love Letters,’ Time, Lifestyle, 9 February 2012.
55. Ibid., 34.
56. Ibid., 35.
57. From an Associated Press report, 24 October 1963.
58. Matthew 5.33–37.
59. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 306.
60. Ibid.
61. Winston S. Churchill, speech to the House of Commons (London, 26 March 1936). The full text of the debate can be found online at http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1936/mar/26/european-situation# S5CV0310P0_19360326_HOC_344. Mr. Churchill’s remarks are just before 9:52 p.m. and just past marker 1530.
62. Matthew 5.38–40.
63. Churchill’s remarks cited in Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (New York: Henry Holt, 1989), 441. See also Christopher C. Harmon, ‘Are We Beasts? Churchill and the Moral Question of World War II “Area Bombing”’. Newport Paper #1, December 1991, Naval War College, Newport, RI, 3.
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