The Shallows

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by Nicholas Carr


  Innis, Harold. The Bias of Communication. University of Toronto Press, 1951.

  Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford University Press, 1999.

  Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. Oxford University Press, 2000.

  McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. University of Toronto Press, 1962.

  McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, critical ed. Gingko, 2003.

  Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. Harcourt Brace, 1934.

  Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. Vintage, 1993.

  COMPUTERS, THE INTERNET, AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

  Baron, Naomi S. Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World. Oxford University Press, 2008.

  Crystal, David. Language and the Internet, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Dyson, George B. Darwin among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence. Addison-Wesley, 1997.

  Jackson, Maggie. Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Coming Dark Age. Prometheus, 2008.

  Kemeny, John G. Man and the Computer. Scribner, 1972.

  Levy, David M. Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age. Arcade, 2001.

  Von Neumann, John. The Computer and the Brain, 2nd ed. Yale University Press, 2000.

  Wiener, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings. Houghton Mifflin, 1950.

  Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. Freeman, 1976.

  Acknowledgments

  This book grew out of an essay I wrote for the Atlantic called “Is Google Making Us Stupid?,” which appeared in the magazine’s July–August 2008 issue. I thank the Atlantic’s James Bennet, Don Peck, James Gibney, Timothy Lavin, and Reihan Salam for their help and encouragement. My discussion of Google’s strategy in chapter 8 draws on material that originally appeared in “The Google Enigma,” an article I wrote for Strategy & Business in 2007. I am grateful to Art Kleiner and Amy Bernstein at that magazine for their expert editing. For their generosity in taking time to answer my questions, I thank Mike Merzenich, Maryanne Wolf, Jim Olds, Russell Poldrack, Gary Small, Ziming Liu, Clay Shirky, Kevin Kelly, Bruce Friedman, Matt Cutts, Tom Lord, Caleb Crain, Bill Thompson, and Ari Schulman. I owe particular thanks to my editor at W. W. Norton, Brendan Curry, and his talented colleagues. I am also indebted to my agent, John Brockman, and his associates at Brockman Inc. Finally, I salute the book’s intrepid first readers: my wife Ann and my son Henry. They made it to the end.

 

 

 


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