by Unknown
5. Emma to Kitty Matcham, 1802, NMM MAM/23.
6. Morning Post, August 31, 1802.
7. Lady’s Magazine, January 1803, p. 44.
CHAPTER 44
1. Morning Herald, September 14, 1802.
2. Emma to Mrs. Gibson, September 1802, NMM NWD/9594/1, 9.
3. Emma to Sir William with his response and sentences by her, 1803, MS Eng 196.5, 64.
4. Morning Herald, October 19, 1802.
5. Merton accounts, October 4-11, 1802, Houghton Library, MS Eng 196.5, 27.
6. Oracle and Daily Advertiser, March 18, 1802.
7. Emma to Kitty Matcham, December 23, 1802, NMM MAM/23.
8. Mary Eyre Matcham, The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe (London, 1911), p. 204.
9. Morning Post, January 31, 1803.
10. Emma to John Parrott, May 14, 1803, private collection.
11. Morning Herald, April 19, 1803.
12. Mrs. Gibson to Emma, “Copy of Horatia’s Baptism,” May 13, 1803, NMM NWD/9594/9.
13. Friday, May 13, 1803, St. Marylebone Church registers, London Metropolitan Archives.
14. See Sarah Nelson to Emma, Monmouth Museum, E538.
CHAPTER 45
1. Vigée-Lebrun, Memoirs, p. 154.
2. See Christie’s Catalogue, Nelson, Napoleon, and their Time: The Calvin Bullock Collection, (London, 1985), p. 189.
3. Morning Post, December 21, 1803.
4. Nelson to Emma, December 7, 1803, NMM MAM/28.
5. Nelson to Horatia, January 13, 1804, NMM NWD/9594/16.
6. Nelson to Emma, January 13, 1804, NMM NWD/9594/16.
7. Emma to Davison, October 1804, private collection, citation taken from Martyn Downer, Nelson’s Purse (London, 2005), p. 276.
CHAPTER 46
1. Nelson to Emma, March 16, 1805, NMM TRA/13.
2. See Gillray’s Dilettante Theatricals (1803) and also The Pic-Nic Orchestra (1802) and Blowing up the Pic-Nics (1802).
3. John Corry, A Satirical View of London (London, 1801), pp. 71-74.
4. Nelson to Emma, August 26, 1803, NMM Phillips, 34. See also Nelson to Emma, October 5, 1804, BL Egerton MS 1614, f. 108.
5. Elizabeth Stanhope to Dr. Vaughan, Ramsgate, August 17, 1804, Leicester Record Office.
6. See NMM BRP/9292/1.
7. Sarah Nelson to Emma, September 11, 1804, Beinecke Library General MS, 4:12, ALS, 8.
8. Ibid., February 27, 1805, Beinecke Library General MS, 4:12, ALS, 13.
9. Ibid., c. 1803, Beinecke Library General MS, 4:12, ALS, 14. Watch is in NMM BRP 9292/4.
10. Ibid., November 6, 1804, Beinecke Library General MS, 4:12, ALS, 11.
11. Nelson to Emma, September 9, 1805, BL Egerton MS 1614, f 106.
12. Ibid., September 10, 1805, Monmouth Museum, E400.
13. Ibid., May 16, 1805, NMM TRA/9421.
14. Nelson to Haslewood, May 16, 1805, NMM TRA/9421.
15. Morning Post, August 21, 1805 (report filed on August 19).
16. William Marsden, secretary to the Admiralty, had sent an express to Merton. See NMM CRK 9/5.
CHAPTER 47
1. Minto to Lady Minto, August 26, 1805, Minto, ed., Life and Letters, III:363.
2. Emma to Mrs. Lutwidge, September 3, 1805, NMM PST/39.
3. Susanna Bolton to Emma, 1805, NMM NWD/9594/7.
4. J. A. Andersen (pseud. for A. Feldborg), A Dane’s Excursions in Britain (London, 1809), II:94-95.
5. Diary of Frances, Lady Shelley, ed. Richard Edgcumbe (London, 1912), I:79.
6. Emma to Mrs. Lutwidge, September 3, 1805, NMM PST/39.
7. Nelson to Emma, April 4, 1805, Monmouth Museum, E445.
CHAPTER 48
1. Cecilia Connor to Charlotte Nelson, October 4, 1805, NMM NWD/9594.
2. Emma to Nelson, October 4, 1805, NMM NWD/9594.
3. Ibid., October 8, 1805, NMM NWD/9594.
4. Nelson, October 21, 1805, NMM JOD/14.
5. Nelson to Horatia, October 19, 1805, BL Add. MS 44584, f 32.
6. Foster, Dearest Bess, pp. 127-28.
7. Emma to Davison, 1805, Sotheby’s catalogue, Nelson: The Sale of the Alexander Davison Collection, (London, 2002), p. 175.
8. Rev. A. J. Scott to Mrs. Cadogan, October 27, 1805, BL Egerton MS 3782, f 1.
9. Matcham, The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe, p. 238.
CHAPTER 49
1. Bell’s Court and Fashionable Magazine, February and March 1806.
2. For more on novels about Nelson and Emma, before and after his death, see my “Nelson and Women: Marketing, Representations and the Female Consumer,” in Admiral Lord Nelson, Context and Legacy, ed. David Cannadine (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 67-89.
3. William Beany to Emma, spring 1806, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/1.
4. Earl Nelson to Captain J. Yule, c. 1806-7, Wellcome Library, MS 7262/3.
5. William Beatty to Emma, October 15, 1806, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/2.
6. The Diaries and Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. George Rose, ed. Leveson Vernon Harcourt (London, 1860), 11:255.
7. See PRO TS 317-35.
8. “Lord Nelson’s Seat at Merton,” Lady’s Magazine, July 1806, p. 60.
9. Foster, Dearest Bess, p. 133.
10. In Sense and Sensibility, Austen’s Dashwood leaves his substantial estate to his son, John, by his first marriage, and asks him to care for his second wife and their three daughters. After some debate, John decides his father meant him to help them move their furniture, and the women are left with nothing.
11. William Hayley to Emma, January 31, 1806, Beinecke Library, Osborn MS 16927.
12. Sarah Nelson to Emma, 1806, BL Add. MS 34992. When the coat was acquired for the nation nearly a hundred years later, the later Earl Nelson used this same letter to argue that the coat was his possession and should be attributed as his gift when on display. See Earl Nelson, “Deposition,” 1898, PRO Adm/69/221.
CHAPTER 50
1. Emma to Sir William Scott, autumn 1814, NMM NWD/9595/34.
2. Sarah Nelson to Emma, c. 1806, transcripts in a private collection.
3. Susanna Bolton to Emma, December 1806, NMM NWD/954/10-11.
4. Emma, draft of last will, October 16, 1806, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 196.5, f 167.
5. Lady’s Magazine, June 1806.
6. Reminiscences of a servant at Bradenham Hall cited in William M. R. Haggard, letter (not sent) to The Times, March 16, 1801, Norfolk Record Office, HAG175 602.
7. Memoir of George Villiers Hyde, 5th Earl of Clarendon, in Jeremy Jepson Ripley “Recollections of the late Thomas Ripley by his Son” (manuscript, c. 1814), Beinecke Library, Osborn MS D29.
8. Emma to Sarah Nelson, August 27, 1807, NMM BRP/4.
9. William Beatty to Emma, February 2, 1808, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/4.
CHAPTER 51
1. Kitty Matcham to Emma, March 1808, NMM NWD/9594/7/A.
2. See Horatia to Sir Harris Nicolas, November 7, 1844, NMM NWD/9594/13-24.
3. See NMM NWD/9594/13-24.
4. William Beckford to Emma, 1806, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f. 99. c. 16, ff. 52-55, 58, and c. 31, ff 92-100 (see also Beckford MS, c. 16, 40-41, c. 31, ff. 90, 107-26).
5. Matcham, The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe, p. 267.
6. William Beatty to Emma, January 31, 1809, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/3.
7. Emma Hamilton, draft of last will, October 16, 1806, Houghton Library, MS Eng 196.5, f 167.
8. Matcham, The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe, p. 267.
CHAPTER 52
1. Emma to Greville, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 196.5, 68.
2. David Wilkie’s journal, in The Life of David Wilkie, ed. Allan Cunningham (London, 1843), I:220.
3. Germain Lavie to George Rose, April 1, 1809, Birmingham University Special Collections, MS21/2/70.
4. Nelson to Emma, March 1, 1801, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 22.
CHAPTER 53
1. Catalogues in Christie’s archives.
2. Mrs. Sarah Connor, “Depositio
n,” December 29, 1808, NMM NWD/9594.
3. One suggested that the English lady should follow her look, appearing one day “as the Egyptian Cleopatra, then a Grecian Helen, next morning the Roman Cornelia; or if these styles be too august for her taste, there are sylphs, goddesses, nymphs of every region, in earth or in air, to lend her their wardrobe.” Anon, The Mirror of the Graces, or the English Lady’s Costume (London, 1811), pp. 59-60.
4. On Sir Harry’s possessions, see Uppark MS 658-97, West Sussex Record Office.
5. Duke of Queensberry to Abraham Goldsmid, July 9, 1801, Coutts Archives, Doc. 123.
6. William Beckford to Emma, October 18, 1810, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f 99.
7. Beatty to Emma, August 30, 1811, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/5.
8. Sarah Connor to Emma, September 10, 1810, NMM NWD/9594.&/A.
9. Sarah Connor to Emma, December 19, 1810, Monmouth Museum, E543.
10. William Beckford to Emma, October 18, 1810, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f 99.
11. Countess of Banbury to sisters-in-law, December 17, 1811, Hampshire Record Office, 1M 44/138/6.
CHAPTER 54
1. The Works of Thomas de Quincey, ed. Grevel Lindop (London, 2000), II:209.
2. See PRO AO/1/850/5, September 3, 1811.
3. NMM NWD/9594/34.
4. Letters and Diaries of George Rose, I:270.
5. Emma to [?] Lord Sidmouth, February 7, 1813, Monmouth Museum, E242.
6. See King’s Bench Record Book, 1813, PRO PRIS 7/32.
7. Emma to Horatia Nelson, April 18, 1813, Houghton Library, FMS Lowell, 10.
8. “Sale of Elegant Household Furniture The Property of a Lady of Distinction,” July 8, 1813, NMM NWD/9594/13-14.
9. King’s Bench Record Book, 1813, PRO PRIS 4/26/128.
CHAPTER 55
1. William Beatty to Emma, October 22, 1811, August 30, 1811, Wellcome MS 6242/5, 8.
2. Emma to Earl Nelson, April 29, 1814, BL Add. MS 34992.
CHAPTER 56
1. Emma to George Rose, July 4, 1814, Letters and Diaries of George Rose, II:272-73.
2. Horatia Nelson to Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, March 28, 1846, NMM NWD/ 9594/13-24.
3. Emma, draft, September 14, 1814, BL Add. MS 34992.
4. Emma, October 7, 1814, NMM NWD/9594/34.
5. Horatia Nelson to Mr. Paget, November 8, 1874, NMM NWD/9594/2.
6. Horatia Nelson to Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, March 28, 1846, NMM NWD/ 9594/13-24.
CHAPTER 57
1. Morning Post, January 26, 1815.
2. Just after Nelson’s column was erected in Trafalgar Square in 1845, William Thackeray published Vanity Fair, in which Becky Sharp, a second Emma, comes to a sticky end. Becky, a dancer and artist’s model, flirts with the Prince of Wales, exploits her connections to aristocratic men, and distracts soldiers from their duty. She even performs Attitudes at parties, playing the role of Clytemnestra, armed with a dagger to stab Aegisthus, dressed in white as “her tawny hair floats down her shoulder.” Thackeray’s Lady Crawley raved to Becky on “the most beautiful part of dear Lord Nelson’s character,” extolling how he “went to the deuce for a woman. There must be good in a man who will do that.” But Lady Crawley is out of touch—the society she lives in reviles any man for “going to the deuce” for a woman. Thackeray’s world had no place for a strong-minded woman who refused to accept her place at the bottom of society.
3. Robert Fulke Greville, The Greville Memoirs, eds. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford (London, 1938), III:160.
4. Harriet Arbuthnot, Journal of Mrs. Arbuthnot, 1820-1832, eds. Francis Bamford and the Duke of Wellington (London, 1950), I:65.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
In the course of my four years of research, I have consulted over three thousand books. To list all would be too cumbersome for the reader, and it wouldn’t help those readers who are looking for more information about certain topics. Therefore, in the following pages, I list only those sources that I have found most useful and enjoyable.
Newspapers and Magazines
La Belle Assemblée
Bell’s Court and Fashionable Magazine
Bon Ton Magazine
The Carlton House Magazine
Coventry Mercury
Covent Garden Journal
European Magazine
Gentleman’s Magazine
Lady’s Magazine
Morning Chronicle
Morning Herald
Morning Post
The Morning Post and Gazeteer
The Naval Chronicle
Oracle and Daily Advertiser
The Sun
The Times
Town and Country Magazine
Manuscript Sources
I have been fortunate enough to find many previously unused manuscripts, including eight hundred unpublished letters in the Monmouth archives, many in the over 150 volumes in the British Library, and volumes in the National Maritime Museum. I also found hundreds of manuscripts in collections in the United States, many in the Wellcome Library, in archives across the country, and in private collections all over the world.
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
Osborn MS, William Hayley to Emma Hamilton and Sarah Nelson to Emma Emma Hamilton’s songbooks
Bodleian Library
Beckford MS
Hamilton Notebooks (MS Eng. hist g. 3-16)
British Library
Egerton:
1617-1620, Queen of Naples to Lady Hamilton
1614-23, Hamilton-Nelson papers
2240-41, will and dying request
2634-37, Hamilton’s Letters to Secretaries of State, 1764-1781
2641, Letters to Sir William Hamilton
Additional:
38361, Works at Milford
40714—15, Hamilton-Greville Papers
41197-41200, Sir William’s Correspondence and Papers, 1761-1803
42069-71, Sir William’s Correspondence and Papers, 1764—1803
59031, Sir William and from Lord Grenville, 1796-1802
31166, St. Vincent Papers
34902-34992, Nelson Papers, in particular:
34933-36, Official Correspondence 1781-1799
34938-40, St. Vincent to Nelson,
34966-68, Private Journals, 1803-1805
34988, Nelson Family Correspondence 35194, Bridport Papers,
3782, John Scott to Lady Hamilton and Mrs Cadogan 34724, Miscellaneous letters 44584, ff 31, 32, Nelson to Horatia 34989, ff 1, 3, 4, 12-32, et al., Nelson to Emma 34988, ff 123-376, Letters to and from his wife Althorp Papers Foster MS, Add MS 4159, Journal of Lady Elizabeth Foster
Coutts Archives
Queensberry Papers
Flintshire Record Office
Hawarden Papers, John Glynne Papers
Hampshire Record Office
Melesina Trench to Richard Trench, 1808-1809, 23M93/28/63, 23M93/28/88, 23M93/ 28/105. Journal of Melesina Trench
Houghton Library, Harvard University
Joseph Husband Collection of Nelson and Hamilton Papers, pf MS Eng 196.5 Lowell Collection, fmS Lowell 10
Huntington Library, San Marino, California
Nelson Papers Hamilton-Greville Papers
Leicester Record Office
Elizabeth Stanhope to Dr. Vaughan, Ramsgate, 17 August 1804
London Metropolitan Archives
Foundling Hospital Records, Letter from Emma
National Library of Wales
John Glynne Papers, papers relating to Catherine Hamilton’s estate
National Library of Scotland
Henry Aston Barker, MS 9647
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Bridport Papers (BRP) Alexander Davison Collection (DAV) Gilbert Elliot papers (ELL) Girdlestone Papers (GIR) William Hamilton Papers (HML) John Jervis (JER) Keith Papers (KEI) Matcham Papers (MAM) Nelson-Ward Papers (NWD)
Phillips-Croker Collection (PHL and CRK)
Trafalgar
House Collection (TRA)
Xerox of Spiro Collection of Nelson Letters (XAGC)
Nelson Museum Monmouth
Nelson Manuscripts (E series)
Norfolk Record Office
Bradenham Papers
Parish Registers
Marylebone Parish Church St. Mary the Virgin, Merton Registers of the Diocese of Chester Registers of the Diocese of Ness Hawarden Church
Public Record Office, London
Foreign Office 70/1-13, Sir William Hamilton to Secretaries of State, 1780-1800
State Papers, TS 317-335
Records of the King’s Bench Prison
Earl Nelson Deposition
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London
Records and Register
University of Birmingham Special Collections
Germain Lavie to George Rose, 1 April 1809, MS21/2/70
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Romney Papers
Warwickshire Record Office
Plymouth Papers
Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine, London
Beatty and Hamilton Manuscripts
Westminster Archive, London
Broadley Collection
West Sussex Record Office
Uppark MS and record books
Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office
Ailesbury Papers
Secondary Works
This is a very select secondary bibliography.
Acton, Harold. The Bourbons of Naples. London: Methuen, 1957.
Adams, Samuel and Sarah. The Complete Servant. London: Knight and Lacey 1825.
Angelo, Henry. Reminiscences of Henry Angelo. London: Kegan Paul, 1828.
Anson, Florence and Elizabeth. Mary Hamilton, Afterwards Mrs. John Dickenson, at Court and at Home, from Letters and Diaries, 1756-1816. London: John Murray, 1925.
Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von. A Picture of England, 2 vols. London: Edward Jeffrey 1791.
Aspinall, A. ed. The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales, 1770-1812, 8 vols. London: Cassell, 1963-71.
Beatty Sir William. Authentic Narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson. London: T. Cadell, 1807.