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Acknowledgments
Hundreds of people helped me write this book. I am more grateful to them than I can express.
There are two people I spoke with most frequently. One was the late Billy Hale, who generously shared with me his story, as well as his journals, poems, and his mother Mollie’s scrapbook. Billy helped several other Georgia Tann adoptees, and, toward the end of his life, searched for children who’d been abducted, as he’d been. He read the book in manuscript form. I am very sorry he cannot see it in print.
The other person I talked to most often was Barbara Davidson. Revisiting the past was not easy for Barbara, or for most others I spoke with. She hoped that telling her story would help prevent other children from being harmed by child traffickers today. Regarding the book’s publication, she said, “Now the story will be out there. People will no longer be able to pretend it didn’t happen.” Her strength, and that of the other Georgia Tann victims I spoke with, will always astound me.
I am particularly thankful also for the help of Cleveland Panell, who searched for his missing sister for more than thirty seven years; and Joy Barner and Grady Earrey, who also found each other after decades of searching. I deeply appreciated being able to interview people like Randall Gookin and Eugene Calhoun, who survived so much, and came out not only whole but strong. Thanks also to reunited sibling groups such as Mary Margolis, Betty Jo Mitchell, Jim Lambert, and Pat Spruill; Heidi Naylor, Judy Young, and Arthur East; David Gribble, Doris Ann Shaefer, Charles Gribble, and Roland Gribble.
And I am grateful to so many other people who told me about their experiences with Georgia Tann. In no particular order, they are: Alma Sipple, Lynn Heinz, Christine Nilan, Virginia Simmons, Wilhemina New some, Steve Popper, Mary Reed, Solon Freeman, Ruby Burdette, Gordon Livingston, Mrs. Leon Sims, Elizabeth Huber, Marie Long, Joe Pannell, Bill Layton, Hilda Martin, Helen Greer, Andre Bond, Barbara Savin, Harrison Moore, Stella Moore, Frances Sylvie, Ruby Burdette, Solon Freeman, Roy Dickinson, June Jardin, Roger Cleghorne, Josephine Statler, Jean Stewart, Linda Myers, Lorene Cole, Candy Debs, Joy West, Marie Long, Nell Aspero, Cynthia Lupresto, Evelyn Quillen, George Winfield, Larry Nelson, Sam Rutherford, Nettie Creson, Jim Creson, Lyle Dorsett, Louise Davis, Barbara June Boros, Lou Bates, B.B. Bagett, Lane Driscoll, Roy Dickson, Hilda Deane, Wyeth Chandler, Ruth Cook, Ruth Crawford, Mary Crenshaw, Charles Crump, Mrs. C.P. Davis, W.B. Fowler, John Easley, Debbie Easley, Mrs. Haguewood, Jim Henry, Jenny Gardner, Butch Hobbs, David Hill, Jan Green, Maxine Hansberger, Pam Gorham, Jim Gallaspy, Robin Hooper, Alena Hutchinson, William Moxley, Jean Norris, Lucille Madden, Sandra Kimbrell, Harry Laughlin, J. Richard Matthews, Leon Levy, Vivian Lutrell, Walter Armstrong, Clyde Porteous, Karen Wickham, Barbara Nikulski, Lowell Schultz, Walter Armstrong, Frank Alghren, Jean Stewart, Van Stewart, Norma Stiles, Cathy Vaughn, Janey Vick, and Joe Wilkerson.
I am deeply indebted to many other interviewees: Robert Taylor, who tried in vain to condu
ct a thorough investigation of Georgia Tann; and Vallie Miller, who helped Georgia’s last remaining wards. And to the physicians who tried to save children who were dying of neglect: Charles Carter, Ben Goodman, B.C. Collins, Jimmy Hughes, George Lovejoy, and Clifton Wooley.
Thank you also to the social workers who were contemporaries of Georgia Tann, and who described their attempts to stop her: besides Vallie Miller, these include Boo Cravens, Mary E. Murray, Fay Wallis, Edna Hughes, Miriam Kelly, and Mildred Stoves.
My deepest thanks also to Steve McFarland of Memphis, who saved many important papers from ruin, and helped me in so many ways. He and his wife were also wonderful, considerate hosts.
I am very grateful for the help of Vicci Finn, and of Jack Tann Watson.
Thank you, also, to Rosetta Hale and to Janeice Lambert. And to Eva Callahan, Norma Tillman, Hazel Fath, Regina Hines, Roswell Stratton, Lucius Burch, Lewis Donelson, and Jimmye Pidgeon.
I want to thank the twenty-three residents of Hickory, Mississippi who spoke with me, particularly several of the women, who were extremely kind.
Richard Panell is truly his father Cleveland’s son—thoughtful, generous of his time, and very helpful. Thank you also to his wife, Janet, and to his mother, Gloria.
I greatly appreciate also the help of Maureen Wood and Mike Landwehr.
I am indebted to Denny Glad, Caprice East, and Bob Tuke. They have done much to help adoptees reunite with their families of birth.
I want to thank everyone affiliated with Adoption Network Cleveland, especially executive director Betsie Norris, for helping my daughter find her family. Betsie’s organization is the best adoption-related search, support, and advocacy group in the United States.
Thank you also, to two great photographers, Pam Hasegawa and Carol Schaefer, and to others in the adoption community: Adam Pertman, Pat Lubarsky, Amy Winn, Janine Baer, Marley Greiner, and Maureen Flatley.
Ed Frank and Chris Ratliff of the Mississippi Valley Collection at the University of Memphis were always helpful. So too was Jim Johnson of the Memphis Room at the Memphis/Shelby County Library and Information Center.
Thank you also to those who read my manuscript. My best and oldest friend, Kappy Peters, read several versions, always enthusiastically and with great insight. Bob Raymond also read many versions, and gave thoughtful, sound advice. Thank you also to Don McKinney, my former magazine editor, who read an early draft, and to Joan Thursh, my former editor at Good Housekeeping. I am also very grateful to Alan Sachs, and to Tim Raymond, Beth Raymond Good, and Fred Greenman.
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