by Ed Moloney
United Irishmen
Fusion of Catholic Defenders and Presbyterian radicals which rose unsuccessfully against English rule in 1798.
UDA
Ulster Defence Association. Once the largest Protestant paramilitary group. Conducted a campaign of terror against Catholics and IRA members. Oppose the Good Friday Agreement.
UDR
Ulster Defence Regiment. Mostly Protestant militia.
UVF
Ulster Volunteer Force. Led mainstream unionist rebellion against Home Rule Bill in 1912. Its modern version was known for vicious torture-murders of Catholics. Supported the Good Friday Agreement.
UUP
Largest unionist political party led during the key years of the peace process by David Trimble. Supported the Good Friday Agreement.
Volunteer
Official name for a rank-and-file IRA member.
WBHAC
West Belfast Housing Action Committee. Founded by Adams in 1960s.
IRA Structure
Bibliography
BOOKS
Adams, Gerry. A Pathway to Peace. Cork and Dublin: Mercier Press, 1988.
_____. Before the Dawn: An Autobiography. London: Heinemann, 1996.
_____. An Irish Voice: The Quest for Peace. Niwot, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart, 1997.
Barton, Brian. A Pocket History of Ulster. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1996.
Bean, Kevin, and Mark Hayes, eds. Republican Voices. Monaghan: Seesyu Press, 2001.
Beckett, J. C. The Making of Modern Ireland, 1603–1923. London: Faber and Faber, 1982.
Bell, J. Bowyer, The Secret Army: The IRA, 1916–1979. Dublin: Academy Press, 1979.
_____. The IRA, 1968–2000: Analysis of a Secret Army. London and Portland, Ore.: Frank Cass, 2000.
Beresford, David. Ten Men Dead: The Story of the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. London: Grafton Books, 1987.
Bew, Paul, and Gordon Gillespie. The Northern Ireland Peace Process, 1993–1996: A Chronology. London: Serif, 1996.
_____. Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1999. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1999.
Bishop, Patrick, and Eamonn Mallie. The Provisional IRA. London: Heinemann, 1987.
Campbell, Brian, Laurence McKeown, and Felim O’Hagan, eds. Nor Meekly Serve My Time: The H-Block Struggle, 1976–1981. Belfast: Beyond the Pale Publications, 1998.
Collins, Eamon, with Mick McGovern. Killing Rage. London: Granta Books, 1998.
Collins, Tom. The Irish Hunger Strike. Dublin and Belfast: White Island, 1986.
Coogan, Tim Pat. The IRA. London: Fontana, 1980.
_____. De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. London: Hutchinson, 1993.
_____. The Troubles: Ireland’s Ordeal 1966–1996 and the Search for Peace. London: Arrow, 1996.
Cox, Michael, Adrian Guelke, and Fiona Stephen, eds. A Farewell to Arms? From “Long War” to Long Peace in Northern Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
de Baroid, Ciaran. Ballymurphy and the Irish War. Belfast: Aisling Publishers, 1989.
Deutsch, Richard, and Vivien Magowan. Northern Ireland, 1968–71: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1973.
_____. Northern Ireland, 1972–73: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Black-staff Press, 1974.
_____. Northern Ireland, 1974: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1975.
Dillon, Martin. The Dirty War. London: Hutchinson, 1988.
_____. The Shankill Butchers: A Case Study in Mass Murder. London: Hutchinson, 1989.
Duignan, Sean. One Spin on the Merry-go-Round. Dublin: Blackwater Press, 1995.
Eckert, Nicholas. Fatal Encounter: The Story of the Gibraltar Killings. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1999.
Elliott, Sydney, and W. D. Flackes. Northern Ireland: A Political Directory, 1968–1999. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1999.
Farrell, Michael. Northern Ireland: The Orange State. London: Pluto Press, 1976.
_____, ed. Twenty Years On. Dingle, Co. Kerry: Brandon, 1988.
Finlay, Fergus. Snakes and Ladders. Dublin: New Island Books, 1998.
FitzGerald, Garret. All in a Life: An Autobiography. London and Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1992.
Godson, Dean. Himself Alone—David Trimble and the Ordeal of Unionism. London: HarperCollins, 2004.
Gove, Michael. The Price of Peace: An Analysis of British Policy in Northern Ireland. London: Centre for Policy Studies, 2000.
Harnden, Toby. Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999.
Holland, Jack. The American Connection: US Guns, Money and Influence in Northern Ireland. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1989.
_____. Hope against History: The Ulster Conflict. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999.
Holland, Jack, and Susan Phoenix. Phoenix: Policing the Shadows. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996.
Horgan, John. Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1997.
Kee, Robert. The Most Distressful Country. Volume 1 of The Green Flag. London, Melbourne, and New York: Quartet Books, 1976.
Keena, Colm. Gerry Adams: A Biography. Cork: Mercier Press, 1990.
Kelley, Kevin. The Longest War: Northern Ireland and the IRA. Dingle, Co. Kerry: Brandon Books, 1983.
Keogh, Dermot. Jews in Twentieth Century Ireland: Refugees, Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. Cork: Cork University Press, 1998.
Kleinrichert, Denise. Republican Internment and the Prison Ship Argenta, 1922. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2001.
MacEoin, Uinseann. The IRA in the Twilight Years, 1923–1948. Dublin: Argenta Publications, 1997.
MacStiofain, Sean. Memoirs of a Revolutionary. London: Gordon Cremonesi, 1975.
Maguire, Maria. To Take Arms: A Year in the Provisional IRA. London: Macmillan, 1973.
Major, John. John Major: The Autobiography. London: HarperCollins, 2000.
Mallie, Eamonn, and David McKittrick. The Fight for Peace: The Secret Story behind the Irish Peace Process. London: Heinemann, 1996.
Mansergh, Martin. “No Selfish Strategic or Economic Interest? The Path to an All-Island Economy.” 3rd Annual Frank Cahill Memorial Lecture, August 1995. Regency Press.
_____. “The Background to the Peace Process.” Irish Studies in International Affairs 6 (1995).
_____. “The Peace Process in Historical Perspective.” Etudes Irlandes, no. 20-1 (1996).
_____. “Creating a New Era of Understanding and Trust.” Gazette inaugural lecture, October 1997.
_____, ed. The Spirit of the Nation: The Speeches of Charles J Haughey. Cork and Dublin: Mercier Press, 1987.
McArdle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic. Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1999.
McCann, Eamonn. War and an Irish Town. London: Pluto Press, 1980.
McKendry, Seamus. Disappeared: The Search for Jean McConville. Dublin: Blackwater Press, 2000.
McKittrick, David, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, and Chris Thornton. Lost Lives. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1999.
McKittrick, David, and David McVea. Making Sense of the Troubles. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 2000.
Milotte, Mike. Communism in Modern Ireland: The Pursuit of the Workers’ Republic since 1916. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1984.
Moloney, Ed, and Andy Pollak. Paisley. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1994.
Murphy, Brian P. Patrick Pearse and the Lost Republican Ideal. Dublin: James Duffy, 1991.
National Graves Association. The Last Post: Details and Stories of Irish Republican Dead, 1916–1985. Dublin, 1985.
Needham, Richard. Battling for Peace. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1999.
O Ceallaigh, Daltun. Irish Republicanism: Good Friday and After. Dublin: Leirmheas, 2000.
O Dochartaigh, Niall. From Civil Rights to Armalites: Derry and the Birth of the Irish Troubles. Cork: Cork University Press, 1997.
O’Brien, Brendan. The Long War. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1995.
_____. A Pocket History of the IRA. Dublin: O’Brien Press,
2000.
O’Brien, Justin. The Arms Trial. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 2000.
O’Callaghan, Sean. The Informer. London: BCA, 1998.
O’Clery, Conor. The Greening of the White House. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1997.
O’Connor, Ulick. Michael Collins and the Troubles: The Struggle for Irish Freedom, 1912–1922. New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1996.
O’Malley, Ernie. The Singing Flame. Dublin: Anvil Books, 1979.
O’Malley, Padraig. The Uncivil Wars: Ireland Today. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1983.
O’Neill, P. Freedom Struggle. Dublin: Provisional IRA, Irish Republican Publicity Bureau, June 1973.
O’Rawe, Richard. Blanketmen—An Untold Story of the H-Block Hunger Strike. Dublin: New Island, 2005.
O’Sullivan, Michael P. Patriot Graves: Resistance in Ireland. Chicago: Follett Publishing, 1972.
Pollak, Andy, ed. A Citizens’ Inquiry: The Opsahl Report on Northern Ireland. Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1993.
Regan, John M. The Irish Counter-Revolution, 1921–1936. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1999.
Routledge, Paul. John Hume. London: HarperCollins, 1998.
Ryder, Chris. The Ulster Defence Regiment: An Instrument of Peace? London: Methuen, 1991.
Sharrock, David, and Mark Devenport. Man of War, Man of Peace? The Unauthorized Biography of Gerry Adams. London: Macmillan, 1997.
Taylor, Peter. Families at War: Voices from the Troubles. London: BBC Books, 1989.
_____. Provos: The IRA and Sinn Fein. London: Bloomsbury, 1998.
Toolis, Kevin. Rebel Hearts: Journeys within the IRA’s Soul. London: Picador, 1995.
Urban, Mark. Big Boys’ Rules: The Secret Struggle against the IRA. London: Faber and Faber, 1992.
White, Robert, W. Provisional Irish Republicans: An Oral and Interpretative History. London and Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993.
Woodward, Bob. Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981–1987. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.
IRISH NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
Hibernia
In DublinMagill
Belfast Telegraph
Derry Journal
Irish Independent
Irish News
Irish Press
Irish Times
Sunday Business Post
Sunday News
Sunday Tribune
BRITISH NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
Hansard
NI Brief, Parliamentary Brief
Daily Telegraph
Guardian
Independent
Observer
Sunday Times
Times
Financial Times
AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS
New York Times
Washington Post
POLITICAL PUBLICAT IONS
An Glor Gafa (The Captive Voice)
An Phoblacht
An Phoblacht–Republican News
Fianna Fail: The IRA Connection, Official IRA
IRIS: The Republican Magazine
Irish Bheag
Republican News
Starry Plough
United Irishman
Index
Abercorn bomb, see Provisional IRA: operations, Abercorn bomb abstentionism
ending of, 151–52, 287–98, 328, 342, 390
1960s debate, 56–58, 71, 288
A Coy (Provisional IRA), 105
active-service units (ASUs), see Provisional IRA: Cage 11 reorganization, active-service units
Adair, Johnny, 414–15
Adams, Annie, 37–38, 44–45
Adams, Colette, 108–9, 128–29, 161, 163, 169, 174, 384
see also McArdle, Colette
Adams, Davy, 512
Adams, Dominic, 38
Adams, Gearoid, 129, 161, 163
Adams, Gerry, xiii, xv, xvi, xx, xxi, 238–39, 407, 438, 470, 502, 516–17, 541, 553, 563, 566, 576, 580, 585–7, 590–92
and “active abstentionism,” 151–52
Adams/Major negotiations, 455–56
as adjutant-general, 169, 173, 215
and Army Council, 247, 346, 380–83, 389, 526, 583
arrests:
1972, 108–9
1973, 133
1978, 172–73
assassination attempts, 578–79
and August 1969, 70–71
and Ballymurphy IRA, 80, 84, 87–88
Ballymurphy riots, 86–88, 99, 104, 210
and Begley funeral, 415
as Belfast Brigade commander, 118, 164
and Bloody Friday, 117–18
and British withdrawal, 183–84, 400–401
broad-front politics, 205
Brownie articles, 151, 153, 169–70, 569–70
and Bryson, Jim, 105
Cage 11 reorganization proposals, 150–61, 163, 185, 317, 375
and Canary Wharf bomb, 441–42
and cease-fires:
1974–75, 139, 143–44, 168–71
1994–96, 396–99, 422, 426, 428–33, 436–37
1997, 456–57, 469, 471
as chief of staff, 172, 164, 613
and Cochrane abduction, 222–23
as commander of Second Battalion, 99, 100, 103, 106
contacts with John Hume, 279–81, 285, 409
and army conventions:
1996, 444–55
1997, 476–79
1999, 520
critique of IRA, 336–37, 342–43, 347–49, 384
and Daly, Cahal, 235–36
and decommissioning, 450, 464–65, 469–70, 488–89, 491–93, 495–500, 503, 519, 531–32, 543, 558
dialogue with Charles Haughey, 268, 271, 274–75, 289, 324, 336, 422
and “disappeared,” 121–22, 124–25
dissembling tactic, 389–91
and Downing Street Declaration, 413, 417
early life, 38–39, 44–46
elected to British parliament (1983), 240
elected to Northern Assembly (1982), 190, 219
electoral politics, 196–97, 200–203, 210, 212, 215–16
ending abstentionism, 288–98
and Eksund, xv, 32
family, 37–38, 44, 87
and Four Square Laundry, 119–21
and Good Friday Agreement, 482–85
and hunger strikes, 207, 213–14, 540, 567–72
and internment, 100–1, 103–9, 128–29
and interparty talks, 462, 472
and IRA split (1969), 60, 69–70, 72–73, 80
joins Army Council, 164
joins IRA, 46
joins Provisionals, 73
lessons from 1960s, 54, 59–60
letter to Tom King (1987), 250–51, 258
in Long Kesh, 133, 148–61, 163, 290, 343, 575
loss of West Belfast seat (1992), 340
Lynagh oration, 325
marriage, 107–8
and McConville, Jean, 122, 124–25, 547
and McCartney, Robert, 551, 554–57
and McKee, Billy, 99, 147–48, 164, 166–68
as a military strategist, 118–19
on Mitchell principles, 473–74, 484, 505
move against O Conaill and O Bradaigh, 178–92, 196–97, 204
and national self-determination, 411
and ni Elias, Christin, 191–92
and 1960s turn to left, 68–70, 72
and 1972 truce, 14, 113–15, 246
and 1973 London bombs, 126
and 1978–79 IRA revival, 171, 176–78
and 1987 cease-fire offer, 262, 269, 272, 283, 325
and Northern Bank robbery, 546–48, 556–57
as Northern commander, 173
and pan-nationalism, 238, 300, 324, 336–37, 435
popularity In South, 529–30, 565
reactivation of Revolutionary Council, 343–45
and Redemptorist confraternities, 229–30
regains West Belfast seat (1997), 458
and Reid initiative, 228, 231, 238–41, 245, 247–60
rejects Marxism, 187–88
release from Long Kesh (1977), 149, 161–63
and reprisal killings, 321–22
and rivals in IRA, 241–45
secret talks with British, 246–60
shift to the left (1970s), 184–89, 270–71
and Sinn Fein leadership, 184–90, 203
and Sinn Fein/SDLP talks, 278–79, 300
takeover of IRA leadership, 164–72, 176–82
and “Tet offensive,” 32
and think tank, 401–5, 409, 416, 418, 422–23
and “the unknowns,” 122, 156
and unionist consent, 267, 272
U.S. fund-raising, 460, 555
U.S. visits:
1992, 391, 420–22
1995, 437
2005, 555
and women’s issues, 204
Adams, Gerry (grandfather), 38
Adams, Gerry, Sr. (father), 38, 40–41, 44, 99, 197
Adams, Margaret, 87
Adams, Patrick, 38
Aga Khan, 242
Agate, Jeffrey, 185
Agnew, Kevin, 195
Agnew, Paddy, 212
Ahern, Bertie, 278, 472, 482, 553, 564, 586, 592
and decommissioning, xiv, 461, 464, 491, 494, 496, 502–5, 509, 518, 522, 528, 532, 539, 541, 543, 554–55, 585
cease-fire proposal to IRA, 463–65, 485
and Northern Bank robbery, 544–47
taoiseach, 286, 435, 458, 462
Ahern, Dermot, 279
Ahtisaari, Martti, 503
Aiken, Frank, 498
Aldershot, 111
Allen, Jack, 281
Alliance Party, 139, 281, 521
Allibrandi, Archbishop Gaetano, 236–37
Allister, Jim, 541
Al Qaeda, 347, 491, 497, 504, 521
American Ireland Fund, 554
ANC (African National Congress), 487, 572
Anderson, Martina, 483
Andersonstown, see Belfast: Andersonstown
Andersonstown News, 584
Andersonstown News Group, 584
Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985) (Hillsborough pact), 241, 249, 257, 267–68, 273
Anglo-Irish war (1919–21), 37, 43, 105
An Phoblacht, 178–80, 187, 335
An Phoblacht–Republican News (AP-RN), 183, 188, 292, 311, 370
and armed struggle, 177, 216, 223, 297, 319, 429
launch, 180
Apprentice Boys of Derry, 65, 355
Ara Coeli (House of Heaven), 233
Arafat, Yasser, 554
Ardoyne, see Belfast: Ardoyne