by Alan Ereira
Gaunt, S. & Kay, S. (eds.), The Troubadours: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Green, R. F., Poets and Princepleasers: Literature and the English Court in the Late Middle Ages (University of Toronto Press, 1980)
Hueffer, F., The Troubadours: A History of Provençal Life and Literature in the Middle Ages (Ams Press, 1977)
Jensen, F., Troubadour Lyrics: A Bilingual Anthology, Studies in the Humanities, Vol 39 (Peter Lang Pub. Inc., 1998)
Paden,W D., The Voice of the Trobairitz: Perspectives on the Women Troubadours (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989)
Page C., Discarding Images: Reflections on Music and Culture in Medieval France (Oxford University Press, 1993)
Page C., The Owl and the Nightingale: Musical Life and Ideas in France 1100-1300 (University of California Press, 1989)
Paterson, L. (ed.), The World of the Troubadours: Medieval Occitan Society, c. 1100–1300 (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
Putter, A. & Gilbert, J. (eds.), The Spirit of Medieval Popular Romance (Longman, 2000)
Schulman, N. M., Where Troubadours Were Bishops: The Occitania of Folc of Marseille, 1150–1231 (Routledge, 2001)
Southworth, J., The English Medieval Minstrel (Boydell Press, 1989)
Topsfield, L.T., Troubadours and Love (Cambridge University Press, 1975)
Wilkins, N., Music in the Age of Chaucer (Rowman & Littlefield, 1979)
OUTLAW
Bellamy, J. G., ‘The Coterel Gang: an Anatomy of a Band of Fourteenth-century Criminals’, English Historical Review, vol. 79, (1964), pp. 698–717
Bellamy, J. G., Crime and Public Order in England in the Later Middle Ages (Routledge, 1973)
Chrimes, S. B., Introduction to the Administrative History of Medieval England (Blackwell, 1966)
Hanawalt, B. A.,’ Ballads and Bandits. Fourteenth-Century Outlaws and the Robin Hood Poems’ in Chaucer’s England, ed. Barbara A. Hanawalt (University of Minnesota Press, 1992)
Hanawalt, B. A., Crime and Conflict in English Communities 1300–1348 (Harvard University Press, 1979)
Holt, J. C., Robin Hood, revised edn. (Thames and Hudson, 1989)
Johnston, A. F., ‘The Robin Hood of the Records’ in Playing Robin Hood. The Legend as Performance in Five Centuries, ed. Lois Potter (University of Delaware, 1998)
Jusserand, J. J., English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, (Methuen, 1961) Part I, ch. in; Part II, ch. in
Keen, M., The Outlaws of Medieval Legend, revised paperback edn. (Roudedge & Kegan Paul, 1987)
Knight, S., Robin Hood. A Complete Study of the English Outlaw (Blackwell, 1994)
Musson, A., Medieval Law in Context: The Growth of Legal Consciousness from Magna Carta to the Peasants’ Revolt (Manchester University Press, 2001)
Powell, E., Kingship, Law and Society: Criminal Justice in the Reign of Henry V (Clarendon Press, 1989)
Seal, G., The Outlaw Legend. A Cultural Tradition in Britain, America and Australia (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Spraggs, G., Outlaws and Highway-men. The Cult of the Robber in England from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Pimlico, 2001)
Stones, E. L. G., ‘The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and their associates in crime, 1326–1347’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, vol.7 (1957), pp. 117–36
Summerson, H., ‘The Criminal Underworld of Medieval England’, Journal of Legal History, vol. 17, no. 3 (December, 1996), pp. 197–224
Wiles, The Early Plays of Robin Hood (Brewer, 1981)
Wilkinson, B., Constitutional History of England in the Fifteenth Century (1964)
MONK
Brown, P., The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity (Chicago University Press, 1981)
Burton, J., Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain 1000–1300 (Cambridge University Press, 1994)
Burton, J., The Monastic Order in Yorkshire, 1069–1215 (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Butler, L. & Given-Wilson, C., Medieval Monasteries of Great Britain (Michael Joseph, 1979)
Daly, J., Benedictine Monasticism: Its Formation and Development Through the 12th Century (Sheed and Ward, Inc., 1965)
Evans, J., Monastic Life at Cluny 910–1157 (Oxford University Press, 1968)
Greene, J. P., Medieval Monasteries (Leicester University Press, 1992)
Grundmann, H., Religious Movements in the Middle Ages: The Historical Links between Heresy, the Mendicant Orders, and the Women’s Religious Movement in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Century (Notre Dame, 1995)
Haigh. C. A., English Reformations (Clarendon Press, 1993)
Hill, B. D.,English Cistercian Monasteries and Their Patrons in the Twelfth Century (University of Illinois Press, 1968)
Hill, R., ‘From the Conquest to the Black Death’, A History of Religion in Britain, ed. Sheridan Gilley and W.J. Sheils (Blackwell, 1994)
Hudson, A., The Premature Reformation: Wycliffite Texts and Lollard History (Clarendon Press, 1989)
Knowles, D., The Monastic Orders of England (Cambridge, 1963)
Lawrence, C. H., Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Medieval Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Longman, 1989)
Leclercq, J., The Love of Learning and the Desire for God: A Study of Monastic Culture (Fordham, 1961)
PHILOSOPHER
Alington, G., The Hereford Mappa Mundi: A Medieval View of the World (Gracewing, 1996)
Burckhardt,T., Alchem: Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul (Fons Vitae, 1997)
Burland, C., The Arts of the Alchemists (Ams Press, 1989)
Coudert, A.,Alchemy: the Philosopher’s Stone (Wildwood Ho., 1980)
Erlande-Brandenburg, A., The Cathedral Builders of the Middle Ages (Thames and Hudson, 1995)
Getz, F., Medicine in the English Middle Ages (Princeton University Press, 1998)
Henwood, G., Abbot Richard of Wallingford: Fourteenth Century Scholar, Astronomer and Instrument Maker (Pie Powder Press, 1988)
Klossowski de Rola, S., Alchemy: the secret art (Harper Collins, 1973)
Moffat, B., The sixth report on researches into the medieval hospital at Soutra, Scottish Borders/Lothian, Scotland (SHARP)
Read, J., Prelude to Chemistry (MIT Press, 1966)
Russell, J. B., Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians (Greenwood Press, 1997)
White, L. Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford University Press, 1966)
KNIGHT
Anglo, S. (ed.), Chivalry in the Renaissance (Boydell, 1990)
Barber, R. and Barker, J., Tournaments:Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages (Boydell Press, 1989)
Barker, J., The Tournament in England 1100–1400 (Boydell Press, 1986)
Barron, W R. J., English Medieval Romance (Longman, 1987)
Benson, L. D., ‘Courtly Love and Chivalry in the Later Middle Ages’, Fifteenth-Century Studies: Recent Essays, ed. Robert F. Yeager (Connecticut, 1984)
Benson, L. D. and Leyerle J. (ed.), Chivalric Literature: Essays on relations between literature and life in the later Middle Ages (Kalamazoo: Institute, 1980)
Burnley, D., Courtliness and Literature in Medieval England (Longman, 1998)
Chickering, H. and Seiler T. H., (eds.), The Study of Chivalry: Resources and Approaches (Kalamazoo Institute, 1988)
Contamine, P., War in the Middle Ages, tr. Michael Jones (Blackwell, 1984)
Donaldson, E.T., ‘The Myth of Courtly Love’ (1965). Reprinted in Speaking of Chaucer (Athlone, 1970)
Gies, F., The Knight in History (Robert Hale, 1984)
Girouard, M., The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman (Yale University Press, 1981)
Jones, T. and Ereira, A., Crusades (BBC Books, 1994)
Jones, T., Chaucer’s Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary (Baton Rouge, 1980)
Keen, M., ‘Chaucer’s Knight, the English Aristocracy and the Crusade’, English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages, ed. V.J. Scattergood and J.W S
herborne (Macmillan, 1983)
Keen, M., Chivalry (Yale University Press, 1984)
Lester, G. A., ‘Chaucer’s Knight and the Medieval Tournament’, Neophilologus 66 (1982): 460–8
Lewis, C. S., The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition (Oxford University Press, 1936)
Loomis, R. S. (ed.), Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages (Clarendon, 1965)
Lull, R., The Book of the Ordre of Chyualry, tr. William Caxton, ed. Alfred T. P. Byles, EETS o.s. 168 (London, 1926)
Mayer, H. E., The Crusades, tr. John Gillingham, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 1988)
Prestwich, M., Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience (Yale University Press, 1996)
Riley-Smith,J. (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford University Press, 1995)
Riley-Smith, L. and J. (eds.), The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095–1274, Documents of Medieval History 4 (Edward Arnold, 1981)
Russell, F. H., The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1975)
Tyerman, C., England and the Crusades 1095–1588 (University of Chicago Press, 1988)
Vale, J., Edward III and Chivalry: Chivalric Society and its Context, 1270–1350 (Brewer, 1982)
Vale, M., War and Chivalry: Warfare and Aristocratic Culture in England, France, and Burgundy at the End of the Middle Ages (University of Georgia Press, 1981)
Wilson, D., The Bayeux Tapestry: The Complete Tapestry in Colour with Introduction, Description, and Commentary (Thames and Hudson, 1984)
DAMSEL
Barratt, A. (ed.), Women’s Writing in Middle English (Longman, 1992)
Collis, L., Memoirs of a Medieval Woman: The Life and the Times of Margery Kempe (Harper Colophon Books, 1983)
Delany, S., Writing Woman: Woman Writers and Women in Literature, Medieval to Modern (Schocken Books, 1983)
Ennen, E., The Medieval Woman (Blackwell, 1989)
Gies, E and J., Women in the Middle Ages (Barnes and Noble, 1980)
Gilson, E., Heloise and Abelard (Regnery, 1951)
Goldberg, P.J. P., Women, Work and Life-Cycle in a Medieval Economy: Women in York and Yorkshire c. 1300–1520 (Oxford, 1992)
Harksen, S., Women in the Middle Ages, tr. Marianne Herzfeld (A. Schram, 1975)
Harris, C. & Johnson, M., Figleafing through History: The Dynamics of Dress (Atheneum, 1979)
Houston, M. G., Medieval Costume in England and France (A & C Black, 1979)
Irigaray, L., This Sex Which is Not One (Cornell, 1985)
Jewell, H., Women in Medieval England (Manchester University Press, 1996)
Kamuf, P., Fictions of Feminine Desire: Disclosures of Heloise (University of Nebraska Press, 1982)
Kelly, A., Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (Harvard, 1950)
Kors, A. and Peters E. (eds.), Witchcraft in Europe, 1100–1700: A Documentary History (Pennsylvania, 1972)
Labarge, M. W, Women in Medieval Life: A Small Sound of the Trumpet (Hamilton, 1986)
Leyser, H., Medieval Women: A Social History of Women in England 450–1500 (St. Martin’s Press, 1995)
Lucas, A. M., Women in the Middle Ages: Religion, Marriage, and Letters (Harvester Press, 1983)
Meale, C. M. (ed.), Women and Literature in Britain, 1150–1500 (Cambridge University Press, 1993)
Painter, S., William Marshall: Knight-Errant, Baron & Regent of England (Toronto/MART Series, 1982)
Pernoud, R. and Clin, M-V., Joan of Arc: Her Story (St. Martin’s Press, 1999)
Prior, M. (ed.), Women in English Society, 1500–1800 (Methuen, 1985)
Richards, E.J. (ed.), Reinterpreting Christine de Pizan (University of Georgia Press, 1992)
Rose, M. B. (ed.), Women in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Literary and Historical Perspectives (Syracuse University Press, 1986)
Shulamith, S., The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the Middle Ages (Methuen, 1983)
Thiebaux, M. (ed.), The Writings of Medieval Women (Garland, 1987)
Ward, J. (ed. and tr.), Women of the English Nobility and Gentry 1066–1500 (Manchester University Press, 1995)
Wilson, Katharina M. (ed.), Medieval Women Writers (University of Georgia Press, 1984)
KING
Brown, A. L., The Governance of Late Medieval England, 1272–1461 (London, 1989)
Carpenter, C., The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the Constitution in England, c. 1437–1509 (Cambridge, 1997)
Condon, M. M., ‘Ruling elites in the reign of Henry VII’ in Patronage, Pedigree and Power in Later Medieval England, ed. C.D. Ross (Gloucester, 1979)
Gillingham, J., Richard I (Yale University Press, 1999)
Given-Wilson, C., The Royal Household and the King’s Affinity: Service, Politics and Finance in England, 1360–1413 (Yale University Press, 1986)
Goodman, A. and Gillespie, J. (eds.), Richard II: The Art of Kingship (Oxford University Press, 1999)
Harriss, G. L., ‘Political Society and the Growth of Government in Late Medieval England’, P&P, 138 (1993)
Harriss, G. L. (ed.), Henry V: the Practice of Kingship (Oxford, 1985)
Horrox, R., Richard III: a Study of Service (Cambridge University Press, 1989)
McFarlane, K. B., Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights (Oxford University Press, 1972)
Ormrod, W. M., Political Life in Medieval England, 1300–1450 (Macmillan, 1995)
Ormrod, W. M., The Reign of Edward III (Yale University Press, 1990)
Ross, C. D., Edward IV (Yale University Press, 1974)
Saul, N., Richard II (Yale University Press, 1997)
Scattergood, V.J. & Sherborne, J. W. (eds.), English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages (Duckworth Press, 1983)
Watts, J. L., Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Waugh, S. L., England in the Reign of Edward III (Cambridge University Press, 1991)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
We would like to thank Paul Bradshaw, who produced the television series and directed the first two programmes, Nigel Miller and Lucy Cooke who directed and produced the rest of the shows, Nick Angel, Clare Mottersead and Kate Smith for all their research, Annabel Lee for getting everything to work, and Alixe Bovey, Josh Key, Marc Tiley, Catherine Cooper, Rachel Shadick, Jacqui Loton, Claire Mills, Cathy Featherstone, and Kate Harding, and everyone else at Oxford Film and Television. Not forgetting, of course, our executive producers Nicolas Kent and Vanessa Phillips. We would also like to thank our historical advisers for the series: Richard Firth Green, Dr Anthony Musson, Dr Glyn Coppack, Caroline Barron, Dr Brenda Bolton, Dr Christopher Tyerman, Dr Faye Getz, Henrietta Leyser, Professor Andrew Prescott. And thanks to Professor Janet Nelson for her invaluable assistance on this book.
TERRY JONES AND ALAN EREIRA
Footnotes
To return to the corresponding text, click on the asterisk and reference number.
CHAPTER ONE: PEASANT
*1 Sir Michael de la Pole, 1383 Rot. Parl., III 150
*2 Chff Bekar, Income Sharing Amongst Medieval Peasants: Usury Prohibitions and the Non-Market Provision of Insurance (Lewis and Clark College, Oregon, USA).
*3 M.Treitez, The Great Hunger of 1044:The Progress of a Medieval Famine, in Serve it Forth 11 (June 1999) and 12 (Oct 1999).
CHAPTER TWO: MINSTREL
*1 Guido, bishop of Amiens, Carmen de hello Hastingensi, v 931–44 (in Mon. Hist. Brit., 1848); Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum (in Rer. Brit. med. aevi script., p.763, ed. Arnold, London, 1879); Wace, Roman de Rou, 3rd part, v. 8035–62, ed. Andresen (Heilbronn, 1879)
*2 Norman Moore, ed. The Book of the Foundation of St Bartholomew’s Church in London, Early English Text Society, no. 163 (1923)
*3 Froissart describes the moment. He does not say that Sir John sang in French, but when Chandos’ herald composed a poem-chromcle life of the Black Prince, that was in French, so it is unlikely that he would sing in English.
*4 How k
ing Edward & his menye met with the Spaniardes in the see, The Poems of Laurence Minot 1333–1352. Originally published in The Poems of Laurence Minot 1333–1352, edited by Richard H. Osberg, trans A. Ereira (M.I. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University for TEAMS, 1997).
CHAPTER THREE: OUTLAW
*1 G. Spraggs, Outlaws & Highwaymen (Pimlico 2001), p. 24.
*2 H. Rothwel, ed., English Historical Documents 1189–1327 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), III, pp. 566–7.
*3 Translated by G. Spraggs from ‘Trailbaston’, ed. I.S.T. Aspin in Anglo-Norman Political Songs (Oxford, Blackwell for the Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1953), pp. 67–78.
*4 Rot. Parl. III 504.
*5 A Relation of the Island of England about the year 1500 (Camden Soc., 1847), pp. 34–5
*6 M. Keen, The Outlaws of Medieval Legend, Routledge, p. 200.
CHAPTER FOUR: MONK
*1 Aelred, Mirror of Charity, bk. II, ch 23, trans E. Connor, cited by Julie Kerr in ‘An Essay on Cistercian Liturgy in Yorkshire’ in the University of Sheffield’s Cistercians in Yorkshire project
*2 Edward Coleman, ‘Nasty Habits – Satire and the Medieval Monk’, History Today, volume 43, issue 6, June 1993, pp. 36–42.
*3 Jocelin of Brakelond, Chronicle of the Abbey of St Edmund’s.
CHAPTER FIVE: PHILOSOPHER
*1 ‘Breakdown of the Year: Physics Fraud’, Science,Vol 298, 20 December 2002, p. 2303.
*2 Office of Research Integrity, Annual Report 2001
*3 Jeffrey Burton Russell, Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians (Greenwood Press, 1997).
*4 See http://explorers whyte.com/row htm, for an essay by Nicholas Whyte.
*5 Vol. 349, Feb 1, 1997
*6 The Management and Control of Hospital Acquired Infection in Acute NHS Trusts in England estimated that hospital-acquired infection causes 5000 deaths annually. Three thousand two hundred people died in road accidents in England and Wales in 2002. Office of National Statistics HSQ10DT2.
CHAPTER SIX: KNIGHT
*1 Georges Duby, Guillame le Marechal, ou le meilleur chevalier du monde (Paris, 1984), trans. R. Howard, William Marshal, Flower of Chivalry (New York, 1986), p. 33 – quoted in Kaeuper, p. 280
*2 The Book of the Ordre of Chyvalry, trans. W Caxton, ed. A.T.P. Byles (EETS, 1926 rep. 1971) p. 31. Following quotations: pp. 32, 38