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by Jean Strouse


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  ——. Cultural Excursions: Marketing Appetites and Cultural Tastes in Modern America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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  Hogan, William T. An Economic History of the Iron and Steel Industry in the U.S. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1971. Five volumes.

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  ——. Union Pacific, Vol. II. The Rebirth 1894–1969. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

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  ——. The Triumph of Conservatism. New York: The Free Press, 1963.

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  Massie, Robert K. Dreadnought, Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War. New York: Random House, 1991.

  ——. Nicholas and Alexandra. New York: Atheneum, 1972.

  McCraw, Thomas K. Prophets of Regulation. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984.

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  McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

  Moody, John. The Masters of Capital. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1919.

  J. Pierpont Morgan, Collector. European Decorative Arts from the Wadsworth Atheneum. Ed. Linda Horvitz Roth. Hartford, Conn.: Wadsworth Atheneum, 1987.

  Moore, Charles. The Life and Times of Charles Follen McKim. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1929.

  Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan Inc., 1979.

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  Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland, A Study in Courage. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1932.

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  Passer, Harold C. The Electrical Manufacturers, 1875–1900. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.

  Peritz, Rudolph J. R. Competition Policy in America 1888–1992. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Phelan, Craig. Divided Loyalties, the Public and Private Life of Labor Leader John Mitchell. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.

  Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt, A Biography. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931.

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  ——. The Story of a Varied Life. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1922.

  Reitlinger, Gerald. The Economics of Taste, The Rise and Fall of the Picture Market 1760–1960. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961.

  Ripley, William Z. Trusts, Pools and Corporations. Boston: Ginn and Co., 1916.

  Roosevelt, Theodore. Autobiography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920.

  ——. Works. Ed. Hermann Hagedorn. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926. Twenty volumes.

  ——. Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. Ed. Elting E. Morison and John M. Blum. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1951–54. Eight volumes.

  ——. Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918. Ed. Henry Cabot Lodge. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925. Two volumes.

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  Samuels, Ernest. Bernard Berenson, Vol. II, The Making of a Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987.

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  Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Age of Jackson. Boston: Little Brown and Co., 1947.

  ——.
The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1957.

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  Steel, Ronald. Walter Lippmann and the American Century. New York: Vintage, 1981.

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  Sterne, Margaret. The Passionate Eye, the Life of William R. Valentiner. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1980.

  Stigler, George J. The Organization of Industry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

  Swanberg, W. A. Pulitzer. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967.

  ——. Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1980.

  Tarbell, Ida M. The History of the Standard Oil Company. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1963 [1904].

  ——. The Life of Elbert H. Gary, The Story of Steel. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1925.

  Taylor, Francis Henry. Pierpont Morgan as Collector and Patron. New York: The Pierpont Morgan Library, 1970.

  Temin, Peter. The Jacksonian Economy. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1969.

  Tomkins, Calvin. Merchants and Masterpieces, The Story of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 1973 [1970].

  Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects. Trans. Gaston du C. de Vere. New York: Everyman’s Library, Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. Two volumes.

  Wall, Joseph Frazier. Andrew Carnegie. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989 [1970].

  Warren, Kenneth. The American Steel Industry 1850–1970, A Geographical Interpretation. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1973.

  Webb, Ross A. Benjamin Helm Bristow. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1969.

  Werner, Morris R. William Jennings Bryan. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929.

  Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1968 [1920].

  Wilkins, Mira. The History of Foreign Investment in the United States to 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989.

  Wilson, John A. Signs and Wonders Upon Pharaoh. Chicago: University Press of Chicago, 1964.

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  Woolf, Virginia. Roger Fry. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1968 [1940].

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  Ziegler, Philip. The Sixth Great Power, Barings, 1762–1929. London: Collins, 1988.

  ARTICLES, DISSERTATIONS, GOVERNMENT REPORTS, LAW CASES, UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS

  Alcaly, Roger, “Reinventing the Corporation,” The New York Review of Books, April 10, 1997.

  Baker, Ray Stannard. “What the U.S. Steel Corporation Really Is.” McClure’s Magazine, Vol. VIII, No. 1, November 1901.

  Blakely, Allison. “Richard T. Greener and the ‘Talented Tenth’s’ Dilemma.” Journal of Negro History, Vol. LIX, No. 4, October 1974.

  Cleveland, Grover. “The Cleveland Bond Issues.” Saturday Evening Post, May 7, 1904.

  Conant, Charles A. “Saving the National Credit.” Unpublished memorandum about the 1895 gold crisis at the Pierpont Morgan Library, HLS Box 7, folder 7.

  Davis, Richard W. “ ‘We Are All Americans Now!’ Anglo-American Marriages in the Later Nineteenth Century.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 135, No. 2, 1991.

  Dell, Theodore. “J. Pierpont Morgan, Master Collector: Lover of the 18th-Century French Decorative Arts.” The International Fine Arts and Antique Dealers Show, Seventh Regiment Armory, New York, October 1995.

  de Wolfe, Elsie. “Story of Mr. De Beauvoir.” Unpublished manuscript. The Pierpont Morgan Library.

  Edison, Thomas A. Papers: A Selective Microfilm Edition. Ed. Thomas E. Jeffrey et al. Four parts to date. Bethesda, Md.: University Publications of America, 1985–.

  Garber, Peter M., and Vittorio U. Grilli. “The Belmont-Morgan Syndicate as an Optimal Investment Banking Contract.” European Economic Review 30, 1986.

  Hidy, Muriel Emmie. “George Peabody, Merchant and Financier, 1829–1854.” Radcliffe PhD thesis, 1939.

  Lawrence, William. “Memoir of J. Pierpont Morgan,” 1914. Unpublished manuscript. The Pierpont Morgan Library.

  Logan, Andy. “That Was New York: Town Topics.” The New Yorker, August 14 and 21, 1965.

  McCraw, Thomas K. “Rethinking the Trust Question.” Regulation in Perspective. Ed. Thomas K. McCraw. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  ——, and Forest Reinhardt. “Losing to Win: U.S. Steel’s Pricing, Investment Decisions, and Market Share, 1901–1938.” Journal of Economic History, Vol. XLIX, No. 3, September 1989.

  Meade, Edward S. “The Capitalization of the International Mercantile Marine Company.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XIX, 1904. Reprinted in William Z. Ripley, Trusts, Pools and Corporations, pp. 360–71.

  ——. “The US Steel Corporation’s Bond Conversion.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. XVIII, 1903. Reprinted in Ripley, pp. 228–68.

  Meyer, Balthasar H. “A History of the Northern Securities Case.” Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, No. 142, Madison, 1906.

  Moody, John, and George K. Turner. “Masters of Capital.” McClure’s Magazine, November 1910.

  Navin, Thomas R., and Marian V. Sears. “The Rise of a Market for Industrial Securities, 1887–1902.” Business History Review, Vol. 29, June 1955.

  ——. “A Study in Merger: Formation of the International Mercantile Marine Company,” Business History Review, Vol. 28, December 1954.

  Pope-Hennessy, John. “Roger Fry and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.” Oxford, China and Italy: Writings in Honor of Sir Harold Acton on his 80th Birthday. Ed. Edward Chaney and Neil Ritchie. London: Thames & Hudson, 1984.

  (Pujo Committee) Money Trust Investigation. Testimony of J. Pierpont Morgan. Printed from the stenographic transcript taken in Washington, D.C., December 18–19, 1912. The Pierpont Morgan Library.

  Rainsford, William S. “Personal Recollections.” Unpublished manuscript. The Pierpont Morgan Library.

  Ravitz, Abe C. “John Pierpont: Portrait of a Nineteenth Century Reformer.” PhD dissertation, 1951, Department of English, New York University.

  Roosa, Ruth A. “Banking and Financial Relations between Russia and the U.S.” International Banking 1870–1914. Ed. Rondo Cameron and V. I. Bovykin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

  Rousmaniere, John. “Called into Consultation, The History of Davis Polk & Wardwell, 1849–1992.” Unpublished manuscript. Davis Polk & Wardwell.

  Simon, Matthew. “The Morgan-Belmont Syndicate of 1895 and Intervention in the Foreign-Exchange Market.” Business History Review, Vol. 42, No. 4, Winter 1968.

  Smith, George David, and Richard Sylla. “The Transformation of Financial Capitalism: An Essay on the History of American Capital Markets.” Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1993.

  Soukoup, Nancy Hamlin. “From Orthodoxy to Liberalism: The Theology and Ministry of William Stephen Rainsford (1850–1933).” Master of Divinity thesis, 1983, The Episcopal Divinity School.r />
  US v. Northern Securities Company et al., U.S. Circuit Court, District of Minnesota, Third Division. Special Examiner’s Transcript, Complainant’s Testimony, Vol. I (1902).

  U.S. Senate Committee on Judiciary Report on Absorption of Tennessee Coal and Iron, to Accompany S. Res. No. 243. Washington, D.C., 1909, 60th Cong., 2nd Sess., Report No. 1110.

  Valentiner, Wilhelm R. Papers. “Reminiscences.” Unpublished manuscript. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

  Wiebe, Robert W. “The House of Morgan and the Executive.” American Historical Review, Vol. 65, 1959–60.

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  In the process of writing about Pierpont Morgan I have had a great deal of help from many people. For the sake of brevity I will not delineate my gratitude to most of them, but there are some essential exceptions. Roger Alcaly has taught me about markets and economics with inexhaustible generosity, and I could not have written the financial sections of this book without him. To my superb editor, Jason Epstein, I am immeasurably grateful for his intellectual acuity, wise counsel, extraordinary patience, and wit. Joan R. Mertens kindly offered to read portions of the manuscript that concern art collecting, and ended up applying her wide-ranging erudition to much more. And I owe special thanks to Georges Borchardt, Jonathan Galassi, Ann Godoff, and Christopher MacLehose.

  For careful readings of the entire manuscript I am indebted to Sean Wilentz and Richard Grand-Jean—and, for expertise on particular sections, to Sidney Babcock, Michael Boudin, Connie Brown, Stephanie Engel, Arthur Goldhammer, David Hemenway, Marsha Hill, Paul Needham, Ben Sonnenberg, Dan Strouse, Tom Strouse, Richard Sylla, Michael Train, and William Voelkle.

  The vast majority of the papers I consulted were at The Pierpont Morgan Library. Its administration and staff have made my work there a pleasure, and I warmly thank Charles E. Pierce, Jr., Brian Regan, Robert Parks, Christine Nelson, William Voelkle, Sidney Babcock, Marilyn Palmeri, Inge DuPont, and Glory Jones. Herbert Cahoon, H. George Fletcher, Paul Needham, Bill Robinson, Charles Ryskamp, Fredric W. Wilson, and David Wright, who have left the Library, also provided invaluable assistance; Mr. Wright, the Library’s former archivist, meticulously guided me through years of work on previously uncatalogued material.

 

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