56: Joe DiMaggio and the Last Magic Number in Sports

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56: Joe DiMaggio and the Last Magic Number in Sports Page 35

by Kennedy, Kostya


  Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper & Row, 1990

  Davis, Kenneth S. FDR, Into the Storm, 1937–1940: A History. New York: Random House, 1993

  _____. FDR, The War President, 1940–43: A History. New York: Random House, 2000

  DiMaggio, Dom with Gilbert, Bill. Real Grass, Real Heroes. New York: Kensington Pub. Corp., 1990

  DiMaggio, Joe. Baseball for Everyone. New York: Whittlesey House, 1948

  _____. Lucky to Be a Yankee. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1957

  _____, as told to Ross, John M. The Joe DiMaggio Story, A True Book-Length Feature

  Dowson, Ernest. The Poems of Ernest Dowson, 1896. New York: John Lane Company, 1915

  Eig, Jonathan. Luckiest Man: The Life and Death of Lou Gehrig. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005

  Eliot, T.S. Collected Poems 1909–1962. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963

  Feller, William. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. New York: Wiley, 1968

  Hadley, Joyce M. Dorothy Arnold, Joe DiMaggio’s First Wife. Oak Park, Illinois: Chauncey Park Press, 1993

  Hill, Art. Don’t Let Baseball Die. Au Train, Mich.: Avery Color Studios, 1979

  Hemingway, Ernest, For Whom the Bell Tolls. New York: Scribner, 1940

  _____. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Scribner, 1952

  Henrich, Tommy and Gilbert, Bill. Five O’Clock Lightning. New York: Carol Publishing Corp. 1992

  Honig, Donald. Baseball When the Grass Was Real. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1975

  _____. Baseball Between the Lines. Lincoln, Nebraska and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1976

  Huhn, Rick. The Sizzler: George Sisler, Baseball’s Forgotten Great. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2004

  Immerso, Michael. Newark’s Little Italy: The Vanished First Ward. New Brunswick, N.J., and Newark: Rutgers University Press and Newark Public Library, 1997

  James, Bill and Neyer, Rob. The Neyer/James Guide to Pitchers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004

  James, Bill. The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract. New York: Free Press, 2001

  Johnson, Dick and Stout, Glenn. DiMaggio: An Illustrated Life. New York: Walker and Co., 1995

  Johnson, Steven. The Invention of Air. New York: Riverhead Hardcover, 2008

  Kyvig, David E. Daily Life in the United States, 1920–1940. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2004

  Lindberg, Richard C. Total White Sox. Chicago: Triumph Books, 2006

  Lagumina, Salvatore J. Wop! A Documentary History of Anti-Italian Discrimination in the United States. San Francisco: Straight Arrow Books, 1973

  Lee, Sandra S. Italian Americans of Newark, Belleville and Nutley. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2008

  Lukacs, John. Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: the Dire Warning. New York: Basic Books, 2008

  Madden, Bill. Pride of October: What It Was to Be Young and a Yankee. New York: Warner Books, 2003

  Malta, Vince. A Complete Reference Guide: Louisville Slugger Professional Player Bats. Concord, Calif.: Black Diamond Publications, 2007

  McElvaine, Robert S. Mario Cuomo: A Biography. New York: Scribner’s, 1988

  _____. The Great Depression, America, 1929–1941. New York: Times Books, 1984

  McKim, Vaughn R. and Turner, Stephen P. (editors). Causality in Crisis? Statistical Methods and the Search for Causal Knowledge in the Social Sciences. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997

  Mlodinow, Leonard. The Drunkard’s Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives. New York: Pantheon Books, 2008

  Mondello, Salvatore. A Sicilian in East Harlem. Youngstown, New York: Cambria Press, 2005

  Monroe, Marilyn with Hecht, Ben. My Story. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2007

  Moore, Jack B. Joe DiMaggio, a Bio-Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986

  Moreno, Barry. Italian Americans. Hauppauge, New York: Barron’s Educational Series, 2003

  O’Neal, Bill. The Pacific Coast League, 1903–1988. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 1990

  Ritter, Lawrence S. The Glory of Their Times. New York: Macmillan, 1966

  Robinson, Ray. Iron Horse: Lou Gehrig in His Time. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990

  Rose, Pete and Golenbock, Peter. Pete Rose on Hitting. New York: Perigee Books, 1985

  Rose, Pete and Kahn, Roger. Pete Rose: My Story. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1989

  Rozanov, Y.A. Probability Theory: A Concise Course. New York: Dover Publications, 1977

  Schneider, Russell. Tales from the Tribe Dugout. Champaign, Ill.: Sports Publishing LLC, 2002

  Schoor, Gene. Joe Di Maggio, The Yankee Clipper. New York: J. Messner, 1956

  Shapiro, Milton J. The Phil Rizzuto Story. New York: Messner, 1959

  Sickels, John. Bob Feller: Ace of the Greatest Generation. Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s Inc. 2004

  Silverman, Al. Joe Di Maggio, The Golden Year. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1969

  Spalding-Reach: Official Baseball Guide. New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1941

  Talese, Gay. Unto the Sons. New York: Knopf, 1992

  Turner, Jonathan H. On the Origins of Human Emotions. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2000

  Westcott, Rich. Philadelphia’s Old Ballparks. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996

  Whittingham, Richard (compiler and editor). The Di Maggio Albums. New York: G.P. Putnam’s, 1989

  AUDIO and VIDEO

  1941 Major League All-Star Game. MBS radio. Red Barber and Bob Elson

  1991 Major League All-Star Game. CBS television. Joe DiMaggio–Ted Williams interview

  Bands That Played the Blackhawk. Compiled by: Karl Pearson

  Baseball. PBS Home Video. Directed by: Ken Burns

  Buck Privates. Universal Pictures. Directed by: Arthur Lubin. Starring: Bud Abbott and Lou Costello

  Joe DiMaggio: A Hero’s Life. PBS American Experience. Producer: Mark Zwonitzer. Narrator: Richard Ben Cramer

  The Phantom Creeps. Volumes 1 and 2. Alpha Video.

  This Week in Baseball, 1978, Major League Baseball Productions.

  Toots. His Town, His Saloon. Catalyst Films. By Kristi Jacobson

  Tribute to Lou Gehrig. NBC radio

  We Choose Human Freedom. Franklin D. Roosevelt radio address, May 27, 1941

  Where Have You Gone, Joe DiMaggio? HBO Home Video. Executive Producer: Ross Greenburg

  ARTICLES and PAPERS

  Albert, Jim. “Streaky Hitting in Baseball,” Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports; Volume 4, Issue 1, 2008

  Albright, S. Christian. “A Statistical Analysis of Hitting Streaks in Baseball,” Journal of the American Statistical Association; December, 1993

  Arbesman, Samuel and Strogatz, Steven H. “A Monte Carlo Approach to Joe DiMaggio and Streaks in Baseball.”

  _____. “A Journey to Baseball’s Alternate Universe,” The New York Times; March 30, 2008

  Baumeister, Roy F. and Showers, Carolin J. “A Review of Paradoxical Performance Effects: Choking Under Pressure in Sports and Mental Tests.” European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 16, Issue 4, 1986

  Blahous, Charles. “The DiMaggio Streak: How Big a Deal Was It?” Baseball Research Journal; No. 23, 1994

  Breaux, O.P. “An Algorithm for Objective Measurement of Hitting Streaks,” Personal correspondence to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum; April 3, 1996

  Brown, Bob and Goodrich, Peter. “Calculating the Odds: DiMaggio’s 56-Game Hitting Streak,” Baseball Research Journal; Number 32, 2003

  Chance, Don M. “What Are The Odds?” Chance; Vol. 22, Issue 2. June 2009

  Fedo, Michael. “Joe DiMaggio Turns His Lonely Eyes Toward the Girl at 2833 West Third Street.” Whistling Shade: Spring 2003

  Freiman, Michael. “56-Game Hitting Streaks Revisited,” Baseball Research Journal; No. 31, 2003

  Gilovich, Thomas; Vallone, Robert; and Tversky, Amos. “The
Hot Hand in Basketball: On the Misperception of Random Sequences,” Cognitive Psychology; Vol. 17, 1985

  Gould, Stephen Jay. “The Streak of Streaks,” The New York Review of Books; Aug. 18, 1988

  Hopkins, James D. “The Jazz World in Armonk, 1935–1942.” The North Castle Historical Society, Vol. 3, 1985

  Kavanagh, Jack. “Streaks and Feats.” Total Baseball 2nd edition

  Lackritz, James R. “Two of Baseball’s Great Marks: Can They Ever Be Broken?” Chance; Vol. 9, No. 4, 1996

  Lieberson, Stanley. “Modeling Social Processes: Some Lessons from Sports,” Sociological Forum; Vol. 12, No. 1, 1997

  McCotter, Trent. “Hitting Streaks Don’t Obey Your Rules,” The Baseball Research Journal; 2008

  Nitz, Jim and Jeff. “The Man Who Stopped DiMaggio: Milwaukee’s Own Ken Keltner,” Milwaukee History; Vol. 27, No. 3, 2004

  Robbeson, David. “Was Joe DiMaggio’s Hitting Streak the Greatest Feat in All of Sports or Merely a Product of Its Time?” The Walrus, Oct. 2007

  Rojstaczer, Stuart. “Joe DiMaggio’s Hitting Streak Revisited,” Forty Questions Blog; 2008

  Tversky, Amos and Gilovich, Thomas. “The Cold Facts About the ‘Hot Hand’ in Basketball,” Chance; Vol. 2, No. 1, 1989

  Yoseloff, Anthony A. “From Ethnic Hero to National Icon: The Americanization of Joe DiMaggio.” International Journal of the History of Sport; Vol. 16, Issue 3, 1999

  NEWSPAPERS

  The Atlanta Constitution; Boston Herald; The Brooklyn Eagle; The Cape Cod Times; Chicago Tribune; The Cincinnati Enquirer; (New York) Daily News; The Detroit News; The Duluth Herald; Duluth News Tribune; (Philadelphia) Evening Public Ledger; The Hartford Courant; Los Angeles Times; The Miami Herald; The Minneapolis Journal; New York Journal-American; New York Post; The New York Times; New York Tribune; The New York World-Telegram; Newark News; Newsday; Palm Beach (Fla.) Post; Philadelphia Evening Bulletin; The Philadelphia Inquirer; The Philadelphia Record; The (Cleveland) Plain Dealer; St. Louis Post-Dispatch; San Francisco Call-Bulletin; San Francisco Chronicle; The (New York) Sun; The Washington Post.

  MAGAZINES AND PUBLICATIONS

  Collier’s; Life Magazine; The Huffington Post; The National Pastime; The New Yorker; Popeater; The Saturday Evening Post; The Semaphores, Telegraph Hill Dwellers, Issue 187; The Sporting News; Sports Illustrated; Time Magazine.

  Index

  Aaron, Hank, 12, 315–16, 342

  Abbott, Bud, 105

  Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, 12

  air raid wardens, 149

  Albert, Jim, 340

  Albright, S. Christian, 324–25

  Allen, Frances, 169

  Allen, Maury, 169–70, 224, 313, 316

  Allen, Mel, 45, 238

  Allen, Sheldon, 169

  All-Star Game, 280, 281–89, 303

  DiMaggio’s hitting streak and, 282–83

  American League

  All-Star Game, 280, 281–89, 303

  championship club rule on trades, 33

  statistics, 36

  Anderson, Arnold (Red), 221–22

  Anderson, Sparky, 254

  anticommunists, 65

  Appling, Luke, 121, 124, 127, 312

  bad-hop ground ball and, 121–22, 131–33, 136

  Aqua Velva commercials, 255

  Arbesman, Sam, 333–35, 339

  Archie, George, 219

  Ardizoia, Rugger, 216

  Armstrong, Neil, 314

  Arnold, Dorothy, 156. See also DiMaggio, Dorothy

  Associated Press, 181

  athletic performance, statistical analysis of, 321–43

  Atlanta Braves, 263

  Atlantic Monthly, The, 43

  Auker, Elden, 179–80, 182–83, 197, 289, 312

  Avatar, 318

  Averill, Earl, 38, 147

  Babich, Francine, 205

  Babich, Johnny, 205, 207–9, 286, 295

  Baccari, Alessandro, Jr., 144–45, 217

  Baccari, Edith, 145

  Bagby, Jim, Jr., 305, 306, 308 318

  Baker, Del, 31, 32–33, 41, 80, 285

  Baltimore Orioles, 11, 226

  Keeler, Wee Willie, 229–30

  Band Box Revue, 156

  Barber, Red, 64, 235, 283–85

  Barmes, Clint, 86

  Barrow, Edward G. (Ed), 18, 33, 34, 68, 80–82, 117–18, 151, 168, 175, 205

  Barry, Gerald V., 81

  Barsocchini, Reno, 317

  basketball records, 12

  bats, 221–22, 229, 232–33

  “batter’s eye,” 189n

  batting averages, 190, 312

  difficulty of achieving, 215

  Sisler, George, 215

  walks and, 327–28

  batting stances, 110–11

  Baumeister, Roy, 90

  Bayes, Thomas, 337n

  Bayesian analysis, 337

  Baylor, Don, 85–86, 90

  Bear Mountain, 242–43

  Bench, Johnny, 254, 261

  Benny, Jack, 83

  Benton, Al, 31

  Berardino, Johnny, 135, 178, 182

  Berg, Moe, 235

  Bergman, Ingrid, 155

  Bernoulli trials, 336–38

  Bettes, 37–38, 107

  Bickel, Fritz, 232–33

  Bismarck, 61

  blackouts, trial, 62

  Block, Martin, 83

  Blood, Sweat and Tears (Churchill), 289–90

  Boggs, Wade, 326

  Boiardo, Richie “the Boot,” 48–49, 50, 278

  Boiardo, Tony, 49

  Bonds, Barry, 316

  Bonham, Tiny, 243

  Bonney, Betty, 239

  Borman, Frank, 314

  Boston Herald, 277

  Boston Red Sox, 17–18, 36, 72–73, 80, 99, 228, 231–32, 234–35, 240–43

  DiMaggio, Dom, and, 51–53

  DiMaggio walked by, 32

  night games, 68

  Yankees and, 51–53

  Boudreau, Lou, 74, 124, 302, 304, 306

  Bower, Gordon, 88–89, 90

  Bradley, Alva, 116

  brain, 87

  Brancato, Al, 207, 208

  Brett, George, 89, 90, 192

  Briggs, Walter, 80

  Briggs Stadium, Detroit, 70, 79, 98, 281

  Broadbent, Punch, 12

  Brooklyn Dodgers, 36, 196, 205, 235

  Brown, Les, 238–39, 345

  Brown, Les, and his Band of Renown, 238–39, 286, 299, 317

  Bryan, Ed, 295

  Buck, Frank, 174

  Buck Privates, 105

  Bull Durham, 193

  bunting, 146, 181, 197, 257–58

  Busch, Noel, 47

  Bush, George W., 321

  Cabrera, Miguel, 339n

  California Angels, 11

  Camel cigarettes, 105, 166–67

  Camilli, Dolph, 50

  Campbell, Soup, 307

  Cannon, Jimmy, 133

  Cantor, Eddie, 25

  Cantu, Jorge, 190

  Cape Cod Times, 318

  Capone, Al, 45

  Cardinal Field, Sacramento, 295

  Carpenter, Polly Ann, 278

  Case, George, 148

  Cassata, Richie, 36, 37

  Casterioto, Greg, 138

  Castillo, Luis, 138, 192–95

  Cavaney, Ike, 296

  Ceres, Jimmy (“Peanuts”), 53, 127, 151, 170–71, 232, 298

  stolen bat found by, 278

  Chance, 321, 339

  Chance, Don M., 339–440

  Chandler, Spud, 38

  Chapman, Sam, 206

  Chase, Hal, 116n

  Chesbro, Jack, 188

  Chiaravallo, Larry, 170, 171

  Chicago Colts (Cubs), 146n

  Chicago Cubs, 66, 246, 256

  Chicago Tribune, 291–92

  Chicago White Sox, 19–21, 24, 26, 35, 50, 74, 99, 100–103, 109, 117, 122, 124, 137, 145–47, 289, 298–99

  choking under pressure, 90–91

  Churchill, Winston, 289–90

 
; Cincinnati Enquirer, The, 254

  Cincinnati Reds, 33, 50, 159, 255, 256–67

  Citizen Kane, 83

  Cleveland Indians, 34, 74–76, 80, 83, 115, 116–17, 119, 147, 167, 195–96, 280, 300, 301–5, 318

  Clift, Harlond, 29, 183

  Cobb, Ty, 40, 146, 147, 167–68, 191, 207, 215, 233, 246, 249, 291, 340

 

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