246 “Although the smell of retreat”: Cobb, Resistance, p. 258.
247 “A great tide of popular enthusiasm”: De Gaulle, Complete War Memoirs, p. 638.
248 “We had our hands”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs; author’s interview with Christiane Bulloche-Audibert, March 11, 1999.
249 On July 14, a huge: Cobb, Resistance, pp. 258–59.
250 “They had a deported son”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
251 But as the temperature inches: www.meteo-paris.com/bibliotheque/documents/3403.txt.
252 He and Rondenay have escaped: www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/426.html.
253 Disaster strikes: Christiane remembers the arrest taking place at Passy; Rondenay’s official biography says it took place at La Muette, www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/855.html. For de Beafort’s wound, www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/426.html.
254 “There was no question”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
255 “At the same time I felt a trap”: Ibid.
256 “At times like this”: Ibid.
257 “The conditions of our daily lives” and “We are happy to know”: I found these letters in the family archive maintained by Agnès Boulloche, André’s daughter. André must have saved them during his ten remaining months at the camp and brought them back to France after he was liberated.
258 Nothing important is discussed: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
259 For the next week, the Germans: Ibid.
260 Alone in Paris: Ibid.
261 “I had no choice”: Author’s interview with Dr. René Cler, March 17, 1999.
262 “It was not pleasant”: Ibid.
263 “Even when motionless”: Dallas, 1945, p. 187.
264 At the first of the three security rings: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 34.
265 When it ended, only 347: Ibid., p. 32.
266 Then Hitler “began reeling off”: Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals.
267 “dozens of generals”: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 35.
268 Hitler orders him to “stamp out”: Ibid., p. 36.
269 Right now they are determined: Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 296.
270 “Paris food and medical requirements”: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 20.
271 For all of these reasons: Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 296.
272 Their leaflet exhorts: Cobb, Resistance, p. 259.
273 On the night of August 12: http://dora-ellrich.fr/les-hommes-du-convoi-du-15-aout-1944/.
274 Choltitz orders more than two thousand: Cobb, Resistance, p. 258.
275 Half an hour after it leaves: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
276 “You won’t go any further”: http://memoiredeguerre.pagespro-orange.fr/convoi44/derniers-convois.htm#Pantin.
277 The chief German engineer promises: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 68–69.
278 Since allied bombers are continuing: Ibid., p. 68.
279 “Often it is given to a general”: Ibid., pp. 89–90.
280 “Why too soon?”: De Gaulle, Complete Wartime Memoirs, pp. 636–37. 165 De Gaulle believes it is “intolerable”: Ibid., p. 640.
281 De Gaulle also suggests: Ibid., p. 637.
282 By now General Choltitz: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 210.
283 “The swastika was still flying”: quoted in Cobb, Resistance, pp. 260–61.
284 A CHACUN SON BOCHE: Dallas, 1945, p. 194.
285 “If the American Army”: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 178–79.
286 By the time Silbert climbs: Ibid., pp. 178–80.
287 Because they had begun: Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 296.
288 Eisenhower also recognizes: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 181.
289 Nordling has already convinced: Dallas, 1945, p. 177.
290 In his place, he sends: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 187–91.
291 “Have the French division hurry”: Ibid., p. 208.
292 If there was a strategy: Jackson, France, p. 566.
293 When the spectral outline: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 236–37.
294 At last, Free French troops are back: Ibid., p. 255.
295 Within minutes, every block is reverberating: Ibid., p. 257.
296 The Vichy government estimated: Ousby, Occupation, p. 237.
297 As Ian Ousby observes: Ibid., p. 238.
298 On the eve of his return: de Gaulle, Complete Wartime Memoirs, pp. 645–46.
299 “Gentlemen,” he tells his guests: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 258–59.
300 This is the German officer: Dallas, 1945, p. 176.
301 he had begun to have nightmares: From Choltitz’s memoirs, quoted ibid., p. 176.
302 German snipers increase Allied casualties: Ousby, Occupation, p. 293.
303 “Why should we hide” through “Long live France!”: www.emersonkent.com/speeches/paris_liberated.htm.
304 “The Republic has never ceased”: De Gaulle, Complete Wartime Memoirs, p. 650.
305 Two days earlier: Dallas, 1945, p. 188.
306 The next day, de Gaulle defies: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, p. 331.
307 The French general concedes: Ibid., p 333.
308 “Today we were to revive”: De Gaulle, Complete Wartime Memoirs, p. 653.
309 De Gaulle thinks Parisians: Ibid.
310 “Since each of all of those”: Ibid.
311 “Everyone seemed happy and relieved”: Bulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
312 At midnight on August 26: De Gaulle, Complete Wartime Memoirs, p. 659.
313 “I was shocked”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
314 Christian leaves Paris through doesn’t want to alarm her: Ibid.
315 “Although letter writing”: Bulletin de l’Association des anciens élèves de l’école polytechnique, September 1947.
316 When she returns to Paris: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
317 Just as the Germans had partly ignored: Roberts, Storm of War, pp. 505–7.
318 the Germans have lost 120,000 men killed: Shirer, Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 1095.
319 “The great difference”: Roberts, Storm of War, p. 509.
320 In Nuremberg, the sight of gigantic Nazi rallies: Video of the explosion at www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=2048.
321 after twelve years, four months: Shirer, Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 1139.
322 “I was deported”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
323 Somehow, everyone who survives with him: Andre Boulloche, p. 30.
324 “In this way he shared”: Ibid., p. 31.
325 “Survival was a constant act”: Ibid., p. 33.
326 At dawn on April 16 through arrives to liberate the camp: Ibid., p. 32.
327 “Of course he was extremely thin”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.
328 “But, when he was finally standing there”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
329 “If I’d known that”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999. “I remember very well that my mother [Jacqueline] told me,” Katlama said. “I have no doubt about that memory at all.”
330 “My deportation to the camps”: Andre Boulloche F.R. 3 radio broadcast, November 23, 1976.
331 “André Boulloche had the longest service”: Postel-Vinay, Un fou s’évade, p. 128.
332 “Did your father André ever talk”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.
333 ten thousand Frenchmen were the victims: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.
334 “I went to Macy’s”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
3
35 Christiane thought New York: Ibid.
336 “Fear of the Gestapo”: Washington Post, April 23, 1946, p. 13.
337 “Why did my life have to be spared”: Collection of Agnès Boulloche.
338 “I’ve always done”: Mathilde Damoisel’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, April 7, 1997.
339 “It was when I was deported”: André Boulloche interview on Radio FR 3, November 20, 1976.
340 “We bourgeois learned some things”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
341 “I was very young”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976.
342 killed there in an ambush: www.annales.org/archives/x/etienneaudibert.html.
343 “You’ve never seen two sisters”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.
344 “It’s true. We were always scared”: Author’s interview with Robert Boulloche, March 21, 1999.
345 “camouflaged their unhappiness”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.
346 “it was clear that André was suffering”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.
347 “I remember there was a feeling of meditation”: Ibid.
348 “This was the Bolloches”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.
349 “It showed that you can do good”: Author’s interview with François Audibert, March 18, 1999.
350 “If one wants people to win”: Ophuls, The Sorrow and the Pity, pp. xiii–xiv.
351 But de Gaulle never literally said through outside of institutions: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.
352 André told her that if she “wanted to fight”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.
353 Ophuls told me that he thought de Gaulle: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
354 He chose Clermont-Ferrand: Elliot Wilhelm, “The Sorrow and the Pity,” VideoHound’s World Cinema (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1999).
355 “There’s something unhealthy”: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
356 teachers from the lycée: Ophuls, The Sorrow and the Pity, p. 86.
357 “eating the national tissue”: “À la mémoire d’Andre Boulloche.”
358 “It was a period when there were terrorist attacks”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.
359 In 1967, the Neuwirth Act: www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/1336/publi_pdf2_pesa439.pdf.
360 “As you can see”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
361 the Socialist Party had voted against participating: New York Times, January 12, 1959.
362 Odile rushed to London: Author’s interview with Odile Boulloche, March 20, 1999.
363 “He had a terrible violence” through “first and foremost, a polytechnicien”: Author’s interview with Jacques Boulloche, April 4, 2004.
364 the secret to his success: Le Point, January 9, 1978.
365 “Boulloche was certain that he was working for France”: Author’s interview with Raymond Forni, June 3, 2003.
366 most people expected Mitterrand: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003.
367 “secular monk”: Ibid.
368 “an infernal life”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976. 217 “Are you ever discouraged?”: Ibid.
369 “I think I can say without exaggeration”: Ibid.
370 Now he climbed into the copilot’s seat: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003. Investigators apparently determined this by examining the wreckage of the plane.
371 At the same moment: Ibid.
372 A moment later: Le Monde, March 19–20; Le Figaro, March 18–19, 1978.
373 “This is a very remarkable man”: L’Est Républicain, March 17, 1978.
374 Their bodies were found: Le Monde, March 19–20, 1978.
375 “And on top of everything else”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.
376 “Courage is more exhilarating”: www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/abouteleanor/er-quotes/.
377 The death of her sister: Author’s interview with Mathilde Damoisel, July 4, 2003.
378 “It was obvious”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.
379 “It was extremely painful”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.
380 “She would read me what she had written”: Author’s interview with Catherine (Audibert) Dujardin, March 21, 1999.
381 news of Christiane’s book: Six years after she published it privately, Christiane’s book became part of the collection Femmes dans la guerre, 1940–1945.
382 “We did not talk about the Resistance”: Author’s interview with Michel Katlama, March 14, 1999.
383 “Christiane said she had done”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.
384 “she had done her duty”: Author’s interview with Hélène Dujardin, March 24, 1999.
385 German-American Bund: www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005684.
386 After the Nazis looted Jewish stores: www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005516.
387 “an American reader who honestly recreates”: Paxton, Vichy France, p. xiv.
388 “If one hasn’t been through”: The Sorrow and the Pity. Ophuls told me, “I think that’s why I put it there. It seems sort of pretentious to use Anthony Eden as a spokesman for the author, but he is expressing my sentiments there. The other people, not necessarily. But he does. I do associate with that statement. I’m glad that it made an impression on you.” Author’s telephone interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.
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