Kingdom

  CHRISTIANA MACRUARIE: Lady of Garmoran

  CHRISTOPHER SETON: son of an English knight from Yorkshire and *cousin of Alexander Seton, married to Christian Bruce

  CLEMENT V: pope

  *COL: serving boy at Aberdeen Castle

  *CONSTANCE: maid to Elizabeth at Pleshey Castle

  *CORMAC: son of Lord Donough and foster-brother of Robert

  DAVID OF ATHOLL: son of John of Atholl

  DONALD OF MAR: son of Christian Bruce and Gartnait of Mar, Robert’s nephew

  *DONOUGH: Robert’s foster-father and lord of the Bruce estates in Antrim

  DUNGAL MACDOUALL: former captain of the army of Galloway

  EDMUND: son of Edward I and Marguerite of France

  EDWARD I: King of England (1272–1307)

  EDWARD BRUCE: brother of Robert

  EDWARD OF CAERNARFON: son and heir of Edward I, King of England (1307–1327)

  *EDWIN: steward of Robert’s father in Writtle

  ELEANOR OF CASTILE: first wife of Edward I, mother of Edward II

  *ELENA: daughter of Brigid

  ELIZABETH (BESS): daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, wife of Humphrey de Bohun

  ELIZABETH BRUCE: daughter of the Earl of Ulster, Robert’s second wife and Queen of Scotland

  *EWEN: knight of Alexander Seton

  *FERGUS: soldier in Robert’s army

  GARTNAIT OF MAR: Earl of Mar, first husband of Christian Bruce, father of Donald

  *GEOFFREY: royal knight

  *GIL: prisoner at Berwick Castle

  GILBERT DE CLARE: Earl of Gloucester

  GILBERT DE LA HAY: Lord of Erroll

  GILES D’ARGENTAN: English knight

  *GILLEPATRICK: one of Angus MacDonald’s men on Islay

  GUY DE BEAUCHAMP: Earl of Warwick

  HENRY III: King of England (1216–72), Edward I’s father

  HENRY BEAUMONT: knight in the court of Edward II

  HENRY DE BOHUN: Humphrey’s nephew

  HENRY PERCY: Lord of Alnwick

  *HUGH: squire of Humphrey de Bohun

  HUMPHREY DE BOHUN: Earl of Hereford and Essex, and Constable of England

  INGRAM DE UMFRAVILLE: former guardian of Scotland

  ISABEL OF ATHOLL: daughter of John of Atholl and his wife, the countess

  ISABEL BRUCE: sister of Robert, marries Eric II and becomes Queen of Norway

  ISABEL COMYN: Countess of Buchan, wife of the Black Comyn

  ISABELLA OF FRANCE: daughter of King Philippe IV, wife of Edward II and Queen of England

  ISOBEL OF MAR: a daughter of the Earl of Mar, Robert’s first wife and mother of Marjorie Bruce

  JAMES DOUGLAS: son and heir of William Douglas, nephew and godson of James Stewart

  JAMES STEWART: High Steward of Scotland

  JOAN OF ACRE: daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, wife of Ralph de Monthermer

  JOAN DE VALENCE: sister of Aymer de Valence and wife of John Comyn III

  JOHN OF ATHOLL: Earl of Atholl and Sheriff of Aberdeen, married to a daughter of the Earl of Mar, making him Robert’s brother-in-law

  JOHN BALLIOL II: Lord of Galloway and King of Scotland (1292–96), deposed by Edward I in 1296

  JOHN COMYN III: Lord of Badenoch, head of the Red Comyns, married to Joan de Valence, killed by Robert in 1306

  JOHN COMYN IV: son of the man killed by Robert

  JOHN MACDOUGALL: Lord of Argyll and Lorn, cousin of John Comyn

  JOHN OF MENTEITH: son of the Earl of Menteith

  *JUDITH: maid to Marjorie Bruce

  *KERALD: one of Christiana’s men on Barra

  LACHLAN MACRUARIE: captain of the galloglass, half-brother of Christiana

  LLYWELYN AP GRUFFUDD: Prince of Wales, killed during the 1282–84 conquest

  *LORA: maid to Elizabeth Bruce

  LOUIS D’EVREUX: French noble, uncle of Isabella

  *LUCY: maid to Elizabeth in Burstwick Manor

  *LUKE: infantryman in the army of Edward II

  MALACHY (ST): Archbishop of Armagh (1132–37), canonised in 1199

  MALCOLM: Earl of Lennox

  MALCOLM III (CANMORE): King of Scotland (1058–93)

  MARGARET: half-sister of Robert from his mother’s first marriage, mother of Thomas Randolph

  MARGARET (THE MAID OF NORWAY): granddaughter and heir of Alexander III, named Queen of Scotland after his death, but died on the voyage from Norway

  MARGARET DE CLARE: sister of Gilbert, niece of Edward II, wife of Piers Gaveston

  MARGUERITE OF FRANCE: sister of Philippe IV, second wife of Edward I and Queen of England

  MARJORIE BRUCE: daughter of Robert and Isobel of Mar

  MARJORIE OF CARRICK: Countess of Carrick, Robert’s mother, died in 1292

  MARMADUKE TWENG: English knight

  MARY BRUCE: sister of Robert

  MATILDA BRUCE: sister of Robert

  *MATTHEW: knight of Aymer de Valence

  *MAUD: maid to Elizabeth in Burstwick Manor

  MAURICE: Abbot of Inchaffray

  NEIL CAMPBELL: a knight from Argyll

  *NES: former squire to Robert, made a knight

  NIALL BRUCE: brother of Robert

  NICHOLAS TINGEWICK: royal physician to Edward I

  *NICOLAS: guard at Pleshey Castle

  *NIGEL: infantryman in the army of Edward II

  *OSBERT: guard at Roxburgh Castle

  OSBOURNE: blacksmith at Kildrummy Castle

  *PATRICK: one of Angus MacDonald’s men

  *PATRICK: Robert’s servant

  PHILIP MOUBRAY: commander of Stirling Castle

  PHILIPPE IV: King of France (1286–1314), father of Isabella, cousin of Edward I

  PIERS GAVESTON: a Gascon knight in Prince Edward’s household, made Earl of Cornwall

  RALPH DE MONTHERMER: royal knight in the court of Edward I, married to the king’s daughter Joan, stepfather of Gilbert de Clare

  *RANULF: steward of Humphrey de Bohun at Pleshey Castle

  RICHARD DE BURGH: Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connacht, father of Elizabeth

  ROBERT BRUCE V: grandfather of Robert, competed for the throne of Scotland, died in 1295

  ROBERT BRUCE VI: father of Robert, former Earl of Carrick

  ROBERT BRUCE VII: Earl of Carrick, Lord of Annandale on his father’s death and King of Scotland (1306–29)

  ROBERT CLIFFORD: royal knight

  ROBERT KEITH: royal marshal in Robert’s court

  ROBERT WINCHELSEA: Archbishop of Canterbury

  ROBERT WISHART: Bishop of Glasgow

  *ROLAND: soldier at Kildrummy Castle

  RUARIE MACRUARIE: half-brother of Christiana

  *SIM: guard at Roxburgh Castle

  *SIMON: doorward of Edward I

  SIMON FRASER: Scottish nobleman and rebel

  SIMON DE MONTFORT: Earl of Leicester, led a rebellion against Henry III, died in battle with Edward, his godson, in 1265

  THOMAS OF BROTHERTON: son of Edward I and Marguerite of France

  THOMAS BRUCE: brother of Robert

  THOMAS OF LANCASTER: Earl of Lancaster and nephew of Edward I, cousin of Edward II

  THOMAS RANDOLPH: son of Margaret Bruce, Robert’s half-nephew

  *TOM: squire of Alexander Seton

  WALTER STEWART: son of James Stewart

  *WILL: knight of Alexander Seton

  WILLIAM LAMBERTON: Bishop of St Andrews

  WILLIAM OF ROSS: Earl of Ross

  WILLIAM WALLACE: leader of the Scottish rebellion against Edward I in 1297, executed in 1305

  YOLANDE OF DREUX: second wife of Alexander III and Queen of Scotland

  GLOSSARY

  BASINET: a close-fitting helmet, sometimes worn with a visor.

  BRAIES: undergarments worn by men.

  COAT-OF-PLATES: a cloth or leather garment with metal plates riveted to it, worn under the surcoat.

  COIF: a tight-fitting cloth cap worn by men and women, it could also be made of mail and worn by soldiers under o
r instead of a helm.

  CROWN OF ARTHUR: a coronet worn by the princes of Gwynedd, most notably Llywelyn ap Gruffudd who styled himself Prince of Wales. Edward I seized the crown along with other important Welsh relics during the 1282–84 invasion and sent it to Westminster Abbey.

  CURTANA: also known as the Sword of Mercy because of its symbolically broken tip, it was thought to have belonged to St Edward the Confessor and became part of the English regalia used in coronations.

  DESTRIER: a warhorse.

  DIRK: Scots for dagger.

  FALCHION: a short sword with a curved edge.

  FOSSE: a ditch or moat.

  GAMBESON: a padded coat worn by soldiers, often made of quilted cloth, stuffed with felt or straw.

  GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH: thought to have been a Welshman or Breton by birth, Monmouth resided in Oxford during the twelfth century, where he was possibly a canon of St George’s College. Later, he became Bishop of St Asaph. He wrote three known works during his life, the most famous being The History of the Kings of Britain of which the Prophecies of Merlin became part, followed by The Life of Merlin. Despite mixing established British history with romantic fiction, Monmouth presented his writings as fact and many readers of his works took them as such, accepting King Arthur and Merlin as historical figures. Monmouth’s works, although criticised by some of his contemporaries, were hugely popular during the medieval period and from his The History of the Kings of Britain sprang the immense canon of Arthurian literature that graced Europe over the following centuries. Chrétien de Troyes, Malory, Shakespeare and Tennyson were all influenced by his work.

  HAUBERK: a shirt or coat of mail with long sleeves.

  HUKE: a hooded cloak.

  MAGNATE: a high-ranking noble.

  MOTTE: a castle or keep built on a mound, often surrounded by a bailey.

  PALFREY: a light horse used for everyday riding.

  PROPHECIES OF MERLIN: written by Geoffrey of Monmouth during the twelfth century. Originally composed as a separate volume, the Prophecies were later incorporated into his The History of the Kings of Britain. According to Monmouth he was translating the work into Latin from an older text. Monmouth has been credited as being the creator of Merlin, but it is now believed he derived this enigmatic figure from earlier Welsh sources.

  QUARREL: an arrow for a crossbow.

  SCHILTROM: a shield ring usually composed of spearmen.

  STAFF OF MALACHY: also known as the Staff of Jesus, it was a wooden crosier covered with gold. It was believed to have belonged to St Patrick, who is said to have received it from Jesus. Highly revered by the Irish, it became connected with Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, when he was forced to pay off the leader of the secular clan who had possession of the staff and control of St Patrick’s Cathedral and its diocese. According to popular law, only when Malachy had the staff could he claim to be the rightful archbishop. The staff was taken to Dublin in the late twelfth century, where it was burned as a superstitious relic in the sixteenth century.

  STONE OF DESTINY: also called the Stone of Scone, it was the ancient seat used in Scottish coronations. Thought to have been brought to Scone in the ninth century by Scotland’s king, Kenneth mac Alpin, its origins are unknown. It was seized by Edward I during the 1296 invasion and taken to Westminster Abbey where it was set in a specially designed throne and became part of the English coronation ceremony. It remained here until 1950 when four students stole it and returned it to Scotland. It was later sent back to England, before being officially presented to Edinburgh Castle in 1996, where it remains on display. It will be returned to Westminster for future coronations.

  SURCOAT: a long sleeveless garment usually worn over armour.

  VAMBRACE: armour for the lower arm.

  VASSAL: a retainer subject to a feudal superior, who holds land in return for homage and services.

  VENTAIL: a flap of mail that can be pulled up and secured to protect the lower half of the face during combat.

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