28. Burnaby, Travels, 34–35.
29. T.J. to John Page, October 7, 1763, Papers, 1: 11.
30. Quoted in Edwin Wolf II, The Library of James Logan of Philadelphia, 1674–1751 (Philadelphia: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1974).
31. Jon Erklund, “Duhamel du Monceau, Henri-Louis,” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ed. Charles Coulston Gillispie, 16 vols. (New York: Scribner, 1970–1980), 4: 223–225.
32. T.J. to Tristram Dalton, May 2, 1817, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
33. T.J. to Thomas Turpin, February 5, 1769, Papers, 1: 24.
34. T.J. to Mary Jefferson Eppes, February 12, 1800, Papers, 31: 368.
35. Daybooks, fol. 55.
36. Ian N. Sneddon, “Stewart, Matthew,” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 13: 54–55.
37. NSV, 177.
38. Daybooks, fol. 94.
39. T.J. to William Small, May 7, 1775, Papers, 1: 165–166.
Chapter 6: The Limits of English Law
1. T.J. to Martha Jefferson, March 28, 1787, Papers, 11: 251.
2. Daybooks, fol. 103.
3. For a good overview, see Howard Jay Graham, “The Rastells and the Printed Law Book of the Renaissance,” Law Library Journal 47 (1954): 6–25.
4. Alfred Owen Aldridge, “The Eclecticism of Mark Akenside’s The Pleasures of Imagination,” Journal of the History of Ideas 5 (1944): 292–314.
5. Francis Fauquier to the Board of Trade, June 5, 1765, The Official Papers of Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, 1758–1768, ed. George Reese, 3 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1980), 3: 1250.
6. T.J. to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, Gribbel, 6.
7. Quoted in John Finch, Travels in the United States of America and Canada (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Green, & Longman, 1833), 254–255.
8. “Journal of a French Traveler in the Colonies, 1765,” American Historical Review 26 (1921): 745. Spelling and punctuation have been regularized for clarity.
9. Quoted in William Stevens Perry, Papers Relating to the History of the Church in Virginia, a.d. 1650–1776 (n.p., 1870), 574.
10. T.J. to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, Gribbel, 3.
11. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 8; William Shepard, “Some Buckingham County Letters,” 2WMQ 15 (1935): 409; George Gordon, Lord Byron, “The Age of Bronze,” Poetical Works, ed. Frederick Page (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 174.
12. T.J. to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, Gribbel, 3–6.
13. Webster, “Notes,” 372.
14. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 15; Webster, “Notes,” 372–373.
15. T.J. to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, Gribbel, 10; Nicholas P. Trist, “Notes of Conversations with Jefferson,” quoted in Randall, 1: 40.
16. T.J. to William Ludlow, September 6, 1824, Washington, 7: 377–378.
17. T.J. to William Wirt, September 4, 1816, Gribbel, 25.
18. T.J. to William Wirt, August 4, 1805, Gribbel, 28.
19. “Journal of a French Traveler,” 745.
20. J. A. Leo Lemay, “John Mercer and the Stamp Act in Virginia, 1764–1765,” VMHB 91 (1983): 14–17; Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), 95; Francis Fauquier to the Board of Trade, June 5, 1765, Official Papers, 3: 1250; Autobiography, Ford, 1: 8; Jefferson to William Wirt, 4 August 1805, Gribbel, 5.
21. Quoted in Henry Mayer, A Son of Thunder: Patrick Henry and the American Republic (1986; reprint, New York: Grove Press, 2001), 90; Francis Fauquier to the Board of Trade, June 5, 1765, Official Papers, 3: 1250.
22. Quoted in Morgan and Morgan, Stamp Act Crisis, 95.
23. Stephen Sayre, The Englishman Deceived: A Political Piece: Wherein Some Very Important Secrets of State Are Briefly Recited, and Offered to the Consideration of the Public (London: G. Kearsly, 1768), 19; Benjamin Franklin to John Hughes, August 9, 1765, The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, ed. Leonard W. Labaree et al., 37 vols. to date (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1959–), 12: 234.
24. LCB, 38.
25. Jon Parkin, “Cumberland, Richard,” ODNB, 14: 615–616.
26. Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, ed. J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), 298.
27. “Opinion on the Treaties with France,” Papers, 25: 613.
28. For more on this idea, see Peter S. Onuf and Leonard J. Sadosky, Jeffersonian America (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2002), 176–179.
29. “Argument in the Case of Howell vs. Netherland,” Ford, 1: 474.
Chapter 7: A Shelf of Notebooks
1. Frank L. Dewey, Thomas Jefferson, Lawyer (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986), 9–17.
2. “Thoughts on English Prosody,” L&B, 18: 422.
3. Memorandum Books, 1: 247.
4. Quoted in Isaiah Thomas, The History of Printing in America, ed. Marcus A. McCorison (New York: Weathervane Books, 1970), 556.
5. Douglas L. Wilson, “Thomas Jefferson: Early Notebooks,” 3WMQ 42 (1985): 444–445.
6. T.J. to John Minor, August 30, 1814, Ford, 11: 424.
7. T.J. to Thomas Jefferson Randolph, December 7, 1808, Family Letters, 368–369.
8. Gilbert Chinard, ed., The Commonplace Book of Thomas Jefferson: A Reportory of His Ideas on Government (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1926), 95–103. Elsewhere in this edition Chinard abbreviates Jefferson’s original text significantly. For the complete text, see “Legal Commonplace Book, 1762–1767,” Jefferson Papers (DLC).
9. Henry Home, Lord Kames, Historical Law Tracts, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: for A. Millar, 1758), 1: 2.
10. LCB, 66.
11. Bernard, Retrospections, 238.
12. Wilson, “Thomas Jefferson: Early Notebooks,” 450.
13. Alastair J. Durie and Stuart Handley, “Home, Henry, Lord Kames,” ODNB, 27: 879–882.
14. T.J. to Thomas Law, June 13, 1814, EG, 358.
15. Douglas L. Wilson, “Thomas Jefferson’s Library and the Skipwith List,” Harvard Library Bulletin, n.s. 3 (1992–1993): 86–88.
16. Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766–1824, ed. Edwin M. Betts (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1944), 1.
17. LCB, 182; Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (London: Oxford University Press, 1928), 11.
18. T.J. to John Page, May 25, 1766, Papers, 1: 18–19.
19. Papers, 1: 18–19.
20. “William Gregory’s Journal, from Fredericksburg, Va., to Philadelphia, 30th of September, 1765, to 16th of October, 1765,” 1WMQ 13 (1905): 227.
21. T.J. to Charles Thomson, January 9, 1816, EG, 364.
22. Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 4–5.
23. H. R. Woudhuysen, “Writing-Tables and Table-Books,” Electronic British Library Journal, 2004, http:/www/bl.uk/eblj/2004articles/pdf/article3.pdf (accessed July 25, 2005); Peter Stallybrass, Roger Chartier, J. Franklin Mowery, and Heather Wolfe, “Hamlet’s Tables and the Technologies of Writing in Renaissance England,” Shakespeare Quarterly 55 (2004): 379–419.
24. Memorandum Books, 1: 385–386.
25. T.J. to Nicholas Lewis, July 11, 1788, Papers, 13: 342.
26. Memorandum Books, 1: xvii–xviii.
27. NSV, 133.
Chapter 8: Becoming a Burgess
1. “Francis Fauquier’s Will,” 1WMQ 8 (1900): 174.
2. Memorandum Books, 1: 73; Odai Johnson and William J. Burling, The Colonial American Stage, 1665–1774: A Documentary Calendar (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2001), 299; T.J. to John Page, January 20, 1763, Papers, 1: 7.
3. Paula R. Backscheider, “John Home,” Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Dramatists (Detroit: Gale, 1989), 222–223.
4. Memorandum Books, 1: 77.
5. Brent Tarter, “Botetourt, Norborne Berkeley, baron de,” Dictionary of Virginia Biography, ed. John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tarter, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, 3 vols. to date (Ric
hmond: Library of Virginia, 1998–), 2: 108–109.
6. Memorandum Books, 1: 82.
7. Genevieve Yost, “The Reconstruction of the Library of Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, Governor of Virginia, 1768–1770,” Publications of the Bibliographical Society of America 36 (1942): 97–123.
8. John R. Thompson, “Colonial Life of Virginia,” Southern Literary Messenger 20 (1854): 341.
9. Webster, “Notes,” 374.
10. Memorandum Books, 1: 141; NSV, 57.
11. Jane Carson, Colonial Virginians at Play (Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1989), 99; Memorandum Books, 1: 141–142.
12. Daniel Meade, “Autobiography,” 1WMQ 13 (1904): 87; Journal of the House of Burgesses (Williamsburg, Va.: William Rind, 1769), 2.
13. “Biographical Sketch of Peyton Randolph,” Ford, 12: 31.
14. Ibid.
15. Meade, “Autobiography,” 87.
16. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 59.
17. T.J. to William Wirt, August 5, 1815, Gribbel, 22.
18. Ibid., 23.
19. Memorandum Books, 1: 16.
20. Perkins, Buchanan and Brown to T.J., October 2, 1789, Papers, 1: 34.
21. Dumas Malone, Jefferson the Virginian (Boston: Little, Brown, 1948), 129–130.
22. Determinations … Concerning Elections, 3d ed. (London: for W. Owen, 1753), 251–252.
23. H. Trevor Colbourn, The Lamp of Experience: Whig History and the Intellectual Origins of the American Revolution (1965; reprint, New York: Norton, 1974), 13.
24. William Hakewill, Modus Tenendi Parliamentum; or, The Old Manner of Holding Parliaments in England (London: for Abel Roper, 1671); NSV, 125; Jefferson’s Parliamentary Writings: “Parliamentary Pocket-Book” and a Manual of Parliamentary Practice, ed. Wilbur Samuel Howell (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988), 5.
25. Journal of the House of Burgesses, 21–22.
26. Meade, “Autobiography,” 87.
27. Journal of the House of Burgesses, 42; Meade, “Autobiography,” 88; Webster, “Notes,” 374.
28. “Virginia Nonimportation Resolutions, 1769,” Papers, 1: 28.
29. Jacqueline R. Hill, “Popery and Protestantism, Civil and Religious Liberty: The Disputed Lessons of Irish History, 1690–1812,” Past and Present, no. 118 (1988): 112–113.
30. Caroline Robbins, “The Strenuous Whig: Thomas Hollis of Lincoln’s Inn,” 3WMQ 7 (1950): 449.
Chapter 9: Domestic Life and Literary Pursuits
1. Thomas Nelson, Sr., to T.J., March 6, 1770; Thomas Nelson, Jr., to T.J., March 6, 1770; and George Wythe to T.J., March 9, 1770, Papers, 1: 37–38.
2. Quoted in Sowerby, no. 13.
3. Philip Gaskell, A Bibliography of the Foulis Press, 2d ed. (London: St. Paul’s Bibliographies, 1986), 54.
4. T.J. to Thomas Elder, June 26, 1786, Papers, 10: 72.
5. E. Millicent Sowerby, “Thomas Jefferson and His Library,” Publications of the Bibliographical Society of America 50 (1956): 218; Edwin Wolf II and Kevin J. Hayes, The Library of Benjamin Franklin (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society and the Library Company of Philadelphia, 2006), no. 1684; T.J. to Wells and Lilly, April 1, 1818, Thomas Jefferson Correspondence: Printed from the Originals in the Collections of William K. Bixby, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford (Boston, 1916), 238.
6. T.J. to John Page, February 21, 1770, Papers, 1: 35.
7. Memorandum Books, 1: 212; T.J. to James Ogilvie, February 20, 1771, Papers, 1: 63.
8. Thomas Morton, New English Canaan, ed. Charles Francis Adams (1883; reprint, New York: B. Franklin, 1967), 306; Increase Mather, The Necessity of Reformation (Boston: John Foster, 1679), 7; William Byrd, William Byrd’s Histories of the Dividing Line betwixt Virginia and North Carolina, ed. William K. Boyd (New York: Dover, 1967), 5.
9. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 7–8.
10. Mrs. Drummond to T.J., March 12, 1771, Papers, 1: 65.
11. T.J. to Lucy Chiswell Nelson, October 24, 1777, Papers, 2: 36.
12. T.J. to Thomas Adams, June 1, 1771, Papers, 1: 71.
13. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 78.
14. Randall, 1: 64–65; Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766–1824, ed. Edwin M. Betts (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1944), 33.
15. Sarah N. Randolph, The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson (1871; reprint, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994), 45.
16. Jefferson at Monticello, 3.
17. T.J. to John Minor, August 30, 1814, Ford, 11: 421; “Course of Study for William G. Munford,” December 5, 1798, Papers, 30: 594; T.J.toJohnWalker, Papers, 1: 32.
18. Robert Skipwith to T.J., July 17, 1771, Papers, 1: 74–75.
19. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 76–80.
20. Douglas L. Wilson, “Thomas Jefferson’s Library and the Skipwith List,” Harvard Library Bulletin, n.s. 3 (1992–93): 86–88.
21. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 76–77.
22. Francis Calley Gray, Thomas Jefferson in 1814: Being an Account of a Visit to Monticello, Virginia, ed. Henry S. Rowe and T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr. (Boston: The Club of Odd Volumes, 1924), 72.
23. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 77.
24. LCB, 35.
25. Judith Hawley, “Carter, Elizabeth,” ODNB 10: 341–345; T.J. to William Short, October 31, 1819, EG, 389.
26. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 77.
27. T.J. to Peter Carr, August 10, 1787, Papers, 12: 15.
28. Jefferson at Monticello, 3–4.
29. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 78.
30. Memorandum Books, 1: 248.
31. Richard M. Jellison, “Scientific Enquiry in Eighteenth-Century Virginia,” Historian 25 (1963): 305.
32. Fraser Neiman, “The Letters of William Gilpin to Samuel Henley,” Huntington Library Quarterly 35 (1972): 159–169.
33. Quoted in Mellen Chamberlain, “Rev. Samuel Henley, D.D.,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 15 (1878): 235.
34. T.J. to Samuel Henley, March 3, 1785, Papers, 8: 11–14; Arthur Sherbo, Shakespeare’s Midwives: Some Neglected Shakespeareans (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992), 109–131; Bernice W. Kliman, “Cum Notis Variorum: Samuel Henley, Shakespeare Commentator in Bell’s Annotations,” Shakespeare Newsletter 48 (1998–99): 91–92, 108, 110.
35. Samuel Henley to T.J., July 18, 1785, Papers, 8: 304; Samuel Henley to T.J., November 16, 1785, Papers, 9: 39.
36. Quoted in Chamberlain, “Rev. Samuel Henley,” 236.
37. Memorandum Books, 1: 289, 347.
38. John T. Shawcross, “John Milton and His Spanish and Portuguese Presence,” Milton Quarterly 32 (1998): 49.
39. A. Owen Aldridge, “The Perception of China in English Literature of the Enlightenment,” Asian Culture Quarterly 14 (1986): 17.
40. Thomas Percy to Samuel Henley, February 1, 1775, in Chamberlain, “Rev. Samuel Henley,” 239.
41. Quoted in J. W. Oliver, The Life of William Beckford (London: Oxford University Press, 1932), 97–98.
Chapter 10: Rude Bard of the North
1. T.J. to Charles Macpherson, February 25, 1773, Papers, 1: 96.
2. “Library of Col. William Fleming” 1WMQ 6 (1898): 164; “Books in Williamsburg,” 2WMQ 15 (1906): 105; T.J. to Charles Macpherson, February 25, 1773, Papers, 1: 96.
3. LCB, 142–143.
4. Daybooks, fol. 80.
5. LCB, 144.
6. T.J. to Charles Macpherson, February 25, 1773, Papers, 1: 96–97.
7. Ibid., 1: 97.
8. LCB, 172.
9. Peter Carr to T.J., December 30, 1786, Papers, 10: 648.
10. Susan Manning, “Why Does It Matter That Ossian Was Thomas Jefferson’s Favourite Poet?” Symbiosis: A Journal of Anglo-American Literary Relations 1 (1997): 231.
11. The University of Virginia holds numerous Wayles-Jefferson volumes not in the Sowerby catalogu
e.
12. T.J. to George Washington Lewis, October 25, 1825, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
13. Sowerby, no. 259.
14. Memorandum Books, 1: 341.
15. Kevin J. Hayes, The Library of William Byrd of Westover (Madison, Wisc.: Madison House, 1997), 95.
16. Memorandum Books, 1: 332.
17. Edmund Randolph, History of Virginia, ed. Arthur H. Shaffer (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970), 182.
18. Jonathan Gross, ed., Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks: Poems of Nation, Family, and Romantic Love Collected by America’s Third President (Hanover, N.H.: Steerforth Press, 2006), 130.
19. Charles Macpherson to T.J., August 12, 1773, Papers, 1: 102.
20. Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781 and 1782, ed. Howard C. Rice, Jr., 2 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), 2: 392.
21. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 vols. (London: for W. Strahan, and T. Cadell, 1783), 1: 209.
22. Kevin J. Hayes, “How Thomas Jefferson Read the Qur’an,” Early American Literature 39 (2004): 254–255.
23. T.J. to John Adams, May 25, 1785, Papers, 8: 164.
24. Gross, Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks, 405.
25. T.J. to Mary Jefferson Eppes, February 7, 1799, Papers, 31: 13. Anne Cary Randolph’s copy of a two-volume edition of The Works of Ossian survives at the University of Virginia. Both volumes are inscribed, “Th. Jefferson to Ann C. Randolph” Ellen Randolph Coolidge to T.J., December 26, 1825, Family Letters, 465.
26. T.J. to Marquis de Lafayette, November 4, 1823, L&B, 15: 493.
Chapter 11: A Summary View of the Rights of British America
1. Philip Mazzei, Memoirs of the Life and Peregrinations of the Florentine Philip Mazzei, 1730–1816, trans. Howard R. Marraro (New York: Columbia University Press, 1942), 192–204.
2. For the fullest treatment, see John R. Hailman, Thomas Jefferson on Wine (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006).
3. T.J. to William Drayton, July 30, 1787, Papers, 11: 648.
4. “On the Instructions Given to the 1st Delegation of Virginia to Congress in August 1774,” Papers, 1: 670.
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