21. John Adams to T.J., May 22, 1785, Papers, 8: 160.
22. T.J. to James Monroe, June 17, 1795, Papers, 8: 229.
23. NSV, 24–25.
24. Ibid., 263–264.
25. John Davis, Travels of Four Years and a Half in the United States of America; During 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, and 1802 (London: for R. Edwards, 1803), 167.
Chapter 18: The Narrow House
1. Marquis de Chastellux, Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781 and 1782, trans. and ed. Howard C. Rice, Jr., 2 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), 1: 134, 2: 388.
2. Ibid., 2: 390.
3. Ibid., 2: 391.
4. Ibid., 2: 392.
5. Quoted in ibid., 1: 7.
6. Ibid., 2: 396.
7. Ibid., 1: 190.
8. Ibid., 1: 68, 186.
9. T.J. to Chastellux, September 2, 1785, Papers, 8: 467.
10. Chastellux, Travels, 2: 391.
11. T.J. to James Monroe, May 20, 1782, Papers, 6: 184.
12. T.J. to Chastellux, November 26, 1782, Papers, 6: 203.
13. Chastellux, Travels, 2: 396.
14. T.J. to James Monroe, May 20, 1782, Papers, 6: 186.
15. Quoted in Randall, 1: 382.
16. “Lines Copied from Tristram Shandy by Martha and Thomas Jefferson,” Papers, 6: 196.
17. Cyrus Hamlin, “The Conscience of Narrative: Toward a Hermeneutics of Transcendence,” New Literary History 13 (1982): 211–212.
18. Quoted in Randall, 1: 382.
19. Quoted in ibid.
20. Quoted in ibid., 1: 383.
21. Quoted in ibid., 1: 382.
22. T.J. to Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, October 3? 1782, Papers, 6: 198.
23. T.J. to Chastellux, November 26, 1782, Papers, 6: 203.
24. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 80.
25. T.J. to Chastellux, November 26, 1782, Papers, 6: 203.
26. T.J. to Joseph C. Cabell, February 2, 1816, Cabell, 52.
27. NSV, 159.
28. Kevin J. Hayes, “How Thomas Jefferson Read the Qur’an,” Early American Literature 39 (2004): 253–254.
Chapter 19: An American Odyssey
1. T.J. to Martha Jefferson Randolph, May 31, 1791, Papers 20: 463–464.
2. NSV, 22.
3. Ibid.
4. Kevin J. Hayes, The Library of William Byrd of Westover (Madison, Wisc.: Madison House, 1997), 98–102.
5. NSV, 22.
6. T.J. to Isaac Zane, November 8, 1783, Papers, 6: 347.
7. T.J. to Horatio G. Spafford, May 14, 1809, L&B, 12: 280–281.
8. NSV, 19.
9. LCB, 143.
10. Hayes, Library of William Byrd, nos. 15, 356, 393, 574–575, 1711, 1738, 1746–1747, 1780–1781, 1976, 2016, 2504, 5536, B1.
11. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 66.
12. T.J. to Francis Eppes, November 10, 1783, Papers, 6: 350.
13. T.J. to James Monroe, May 21, 1784, Papers, 7: 281.
14. T.J. to Francis Hopkinson, January 4, 1784, Papers, 6: 445.
15. T.J. to Marbois, December 5, 1783, Papers, 6: 374.
16. Catalogue des Livres qui se Trouvent chez Boinod & Gaillard (Philadelphia, 1784).
17. T.J. to George Washington, April 6, 1784, Papers, 7: 84.
18. David Howell to Jonathan Arnold, February 21, 1784, LDC, 21: 380.
19. T.J. to James Madison, February 20, 1784, Papers, 6: 548–549.
20. Papers, 7: 82.
21. Isaac Disraeli, The Calamities and Quarrels of Authors: with Some Inquiries Respecting Their Moral and Literary Characters, and Memoirs for Our Literary History, ed. Benjamin Disraeli (London: Routledge, Warnes, & Routledge, 1859), 71.
22. Papers, 7: 82.
23. T.J. to James Madison, February 20, 1784, Papers, 6: 550.
24. Ezra Stiles, The United States Elevated to Glory and Honor: A Sermon (New Haven, Conn.: Thomas & Samuel Green, 1783), 46.
25. Quoted in Frank P. King, America’s Nine Greatest Presidents (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1997), 174.
26. T.J. to George Washington, March 15, 1784, Papers, 7: 26.
27. T.J. to Chastellux, September 2, 1785, Papers, 8: 468.
Chapter 20: Bookman in Paris
1. Memorandum Books, 1: 555.
2. Observations on the Whale-Fishery, in Thomas Jefferson, Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 388.
3. For a fine appreciation of Jefferson’s pamphlet, see Monteagle Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 28–30.
4. John Quincy Adams, Memoirs, ed. Charles Francis Adams (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874), 1: 317.
5. T.J. to Peter Carr, August 19, 1785, Papers, 8: 408.
6. T.J. to Cabot, July 24, 1784, Papers, 27: 739–740.
7. Martha Jefferson to Eliza House Trist, after August 24, 1785, Papers, 8: 436.
8. Memorandum Books, 1: 556.
9. T.J. to Elizabeth Blair Thompson, January 19, 1787, Papers, 11: 57.
10. Elizabeth Blair Thompson to T.J., January 10, 1787, Papers, 11: 34.
11. Martha Jefferson to Eliza House Trist, after August 24, 1785, Papers, 8: 436–437.
12. Ibid., 8: 437.
13. Ibid.
14. T.J. to Carlo Bellini, September 30, 1785, Papers, 8: 568.
15. Benjamin Franklin to Richard Price, August 16, 1784, The Correspondence of Richard Price, ed. Bernard Peach and T. O. Thomas, 3 vols. (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1983–1994), 2: 225.
16. Jefferson to Abigail Adams, August 22, 1813, AJL, 367.
17. Sowerby, no. 4375, questions whether this work was among the books Jefferson sold to the Library of Congress. It was not. The copy at the University of Virginia is inscribed “M. Randolph Monticello.”
18. T.J. to James Monroe, May 26, 1795, Papers, 28: 360–361.
19. T.J. to Samuel H. Smith, September 21, 1814, Ford, 11: 427–428.
20. T.J. to Ezra Stiles, July 17, 1785, Papers, 8: 298.
21. T.J. to Edmund Randolph, September 20, 1785, Papers, 8: 537; Adams, quoted in Memorandum Books, 1: 569; T.J. to James Madison, September 1, 1785, Papers, 8: 461.
22. T.J. to Carlo Bellini, September 30, 1785, Papers, 8: 569.
23. T.J. to Peter Carr, August 19, 1785, Papers, 8: 407.
24. T.J. to Madame de Tessé, March 20, 1787, Papers, 11: 226.
25. Memorandum Books, 1: 561.
26. Ibid.
27. David Charleton, “Grétry, André Ernest Modest,” New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 29 vols. (New York: Grove, 2001), 10: 385–395.
28. Francis Hopkinson to T.J., March 12, 1784, Papers, 7: 20.
29. Abigail Adams to Elizabeth Cranch, December 3, 1784, Adams Family Correspondence, ed. Lyman H. Butterfield et al., 8 vols. to date (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963–), 6: 5.
30. Quoted in Sowerby, no. 4444.
31. David Humphreys to George Washington, May 10, 1785, Papers of George Washington: Confederation Series, ed. W. W. Abbott and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992–1997), 2: 545.
32. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 96.
33. David Humphreys to George Washington, Papers of George Washington, 2: 268.
34. John Quincy Adams to Louisa Catherine Adams, March 5, 1809, Writings of John Quincy Adams, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford, 7 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1913–1917), 3: 289; John Adams to T.J., January 22, 1825, AJL, 606.
35. T.J. to James Monroe, March 18, 1785, Papers, 8: 43.
36. John Adams to T.J., May 22, 1785, Papers, 8: 160; John Quincy Adams, Life in a New England Town, 1787, 1788: Diary of John Quincy Adams, While a Student in the Office of Theophilus Parsons at Newburyport (Boston: Little, Brown, 1903), 23.
37. Kevin J. Hayes, “Portraits of the Mind: Ebenezer Devotion and Ezra Stiles,” New England Quarterly 70 (1997): 616–630.
&n
bsp; Chapter 21: Talking about Literature
1. T.J. to John Jay, June 17, 1785, Papers, 8: 226. The following anecdote comes from a letter from T.J. to the Rev. William Smith, February 19, 1791, Papers, 19: 113.
2. St. John de Crèvecoeur to T.J., July 15, 1784, Papers, 7: 376.
3. “Philip Mazzei’s Memoranda Regarding Persons and Affairs in Paris,” Papers, 7: 386; St. John de Crèvecoeur to T.J., July 15, 1784, Papers, 7: 377.
4. T.J. to Geismar, September 6, 1785, Papers, 8: 500.
5. Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan B. Smith, March 1809, First Forty Years, 59.
6. Quoted in Claude-Anne Lopez, Mon Cher Papa: Franklin and the Ladies of Paris (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990), 151.
7. T.J. to Abigail Adams, June 21, 1785, Papers, 8: 241.
8. T.J. to Madame d’Houdetot, April 2, 1790, Papers, 16: 292.
9. Webster, “Notes,” 371; see, e.g., Bernard, Retrospections, 233–237.
10. Webster, “Notes,” 371.
11. Ibid., 377.
12. Dennis Wood, “Staël, Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker,” New Oxford Companion to Literature in French, ed. Peter France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 777–778; T.J. to Madame de Staël, May 24, 1813, Memoir,
Correspondence, and Miscellanies, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 4 vols. (Charlottesville, Va.: F. Carr, 1829), 4: 190; T.J. to Madame de Staël, July 16, 1807, Washington, 5: 133.
13. Henry Tutwiler, “Thomas Jefferson,” Southern Opinion, October 17, 1868.
14. T.J. to Madame de Staël, July 3, 1815, Washington, 6: 482.
15. T.J. to Madame de Staël, July 16, 1807, Washington, 5: 133.
16. George A. Leavitt, Catalogue of a Private Library Comprising a Rich Assortment of Rare and Standard Works … Also, the Remaining Portion of the Library of the Late Thomas Jefferson, Comprising many Classical Works and Several Autograph Letters, Offered by his Grandson, Francis Eppes, of Poplar Forest, Va. (New York: George A. Leavitt & Co., 1873), lot 654.
17. T.J. to James Madison, May 7, 1783, Papers, 6: 266; T.J. to John Trumbull, June 1, 1789, Papers, 15: 164.
18. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 103.
19. Webster, “Notes,” 277; T.J. to John Adams, April 8, 1816, AJL, 467.
20. “Extract from the Diary of Nathaniel Cutting at Le Havre and Cowes,” Papers, 15: 492–493.
21. Kevin J. Hayes, Melville’s Folk Roots (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999), 4–5.
22. John Ledyard to T.J., July 29, 1787, Papers, 11: 638.
23. “Philip Mazzei’s Memoranda,” Papers, 7: 387.
24. Philip Mazzei, Memoirs of the Life and Peregrinations of the Florentine, trans. Howard Rosario Marraro (New York: Columbia University Press, 1942), 292–293.
25. Webster, “Notes,” 377.
26. “Philip Mazzei’s Memoranda,” Papers, 7: 387.
27. T.J. to La Rochefoucauld d’Enville, April 3, 1790, Papers, 16: 296.
28. T.J. to Abigail Adams, September 4, 1785, Papers, 8: 473.
29. Webster, “Notes,” 376.
30. Ibid.
31. “History of the Rise and Fall of the British Empire in America,” Britannic Magazine 3 (1794–1807): 142.
32. John Finch, Travels in the United States of America and Canada (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Green, & Longman, 1833), 254.
33. T.J. to the Rev. James Madison, July 19, 1788, Papers, 13: 381.
34. T.J. to John Minor, August 30, 1814, Ford, 11: 425.
35. Memorandum Books, 1: 597.
36. “Thoughts on English Prosody,” L&B, 18: 414.
37. Ibid., 18: 415.
38. Ibid., 18: 417–418.
39. Ibid., 18: 428.
40. Ibid., 18: 436; Michael T. Gilmore, “The Literature of the Revolutionary and Early National Periods,” The Cambridge History of American Literature, Vol. 1: 1590–1820, ed. Sacvan Bercovitch (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 618.
41. See, e.g., I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924; reprint, New York: Routledge, 2002), 129.
42. “Thoughts on English Prosody,” L&B, 18: 446.
Chapter 22: London Town
1. John Adams to T.J., February 17, 1786, Papers, 9: 285–287.
2. John Adams to T.J., February 21, 1786, Papers, 9: 295.
3. T.J. to James Madison, January 30, 1787, Papers, 11: 97.
4. Quoted in Memorandum Books, 1: 611.
5. T.J. to John Jay, March 12, 1786, Papers, 9: 325.
6. David Humphreys to George Washington, February 11, 1786, Papers of George Washington: Confederation Series, ed. W. W. Abbott and Dorothy Twohig, 6 vols. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992–1997), 3: 556.
7. Autobiography, Ford, 1: 97.
8. Ibid.
9. Memorandum Books, 1: 614.
10. Quoted in Richard D. Altick, The Shows of London (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1978), 41–42; James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Together with Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides and Johnson’s Diary of a Journey into North Wales, ed. George Birkbeck Hill, 6 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934), 4: 373–374.
11. London Unmask’d: or The New Town Spy (London: for William Adlard, n.d.), 141–142; Abigail Adams II to John Quincy Adams, Adams Family Correspondence, ed. Lyman H. Butterfield et al., 8 vols. to date (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963–), 6: 220.
12. Quoted in Altick, Shows of London, 41–42.
13. Ezra Pound, Guide to Kulchur (1938; reprint, New York: New Directions, 1968), 181.
14. T.J. to Sir Herbert Croft, October 30, 1798, Papers, 30: 568.
15. L. T. Rede, Anecdotes & Biography, Including Many Modern Characters in the Circles of Fashionable and Official Life (London: J. W. Myers for R. Pitkeathley, 1799), 456.
16. Peter Pindar, The Lousiad, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq, Complete, 2 vols. (Dublin: for J. Williams, 1792), canto 2, lines 7–10; James Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal, 1762–1763, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (1950; reprint, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004), 86.
17. “An Interlude at Dolly’s Chop House,” Papers, 9: 350.
18. Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas, ed. Harrison Hayford and Walter Blair (New York: Hendricks House, 1969), 73.
19. American Commissioners to John Jay, March 28, 1786, Papers, 9: 358.
20. Kevin J. Hayes, “How Thomas Jefferson Read the Qur’an,” Early American Literature 39 (2004): 256–257.
21. John Adams to T.J., July 3, 1786, Papers, 10: 87.
22. T.J. to John Adams, July 11, 1786, Papers, 10: 123.
23. Karl Moritz, Travels, Chiefly on Foot, through Several Parts of England, in 1782 (London: for G. G. and J. Robinson, 1795), 39.
24. T.J. to Madame de Corny, June 30, 1787, Papers, 11: 509.
25. “Notes of a Tour of English Gardens,” Papers, 9: 369.
26. T.J. to John Page, May 4, 1786, Papers, 9: 445.
27. John Adams, Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Leonard C. Faber, and Wendell D. Garrett (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1961), 3: 184–186.
28. Moritz, Travels, 186–187; Adams, Diary and Autobiography, 3: 185.
29. Moritz, Travels, 186–187.
30. Adams, Diary and Autobiography, 3: 185.
31. Bernice W. Kliman, “Cum Notis Variorum: Samuel Henley, Shakespeare Commentator in Bell’s Annotations,” Shakespeare Newsletter 48 (1998–1999): 91–92, 108, 110.
32. “1789 Catalog of Books,” Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003), 46, http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org.
33. Andrew Becket, A Concordance to Shakespeare (London: for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1787), iii.
34. Bernard, Retrospections, 238.
35. David Humphreys to George Washington, February 11, 1786, Papers of George Washington, 3: 556.
36. Quoted in The London Stage, 1660–1800: A
Calendar of Plays, Entertainments & Afterpieces, Together with Casts, Box-Receipts and Contemporary Comment, ed. W. Van Lennep et al., 5 vols. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1960–1968), 2: 876.
37. T.J. to George Washington, August 14, 1787, Papers, 12: 36.
38. John Trumbull, The Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull, Patriot-Artist, 1756–1843, ed. Theodore Sizer (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1953).
39. T.J. to Harry Innes, March 7, 1791, Papers, 19: 521.
40. Altick, The Shows of London, 28–30.
41. Memorandum Books, 1: 624.
42. Abigail Adams to T.J., February 11, 1786, Papers, 9: 277–278.
43. T.J. to Robert Skipwith, August 3, 1771, Papers, 1: 77.
Chapter 23: Summer of ’86
1. David Ramsay to T.J., June 15, 1785, Papers, 8: 210.
2. David Ramsay to T.J., August 8, 1785, Papers, 8: 360.
3. T.J. to David Ramsay, August 31, 1785, Papers, 8: 457.
4. Robert L. Brunhouse, “David Ramsay’s Publication Problems, 1784–1808,” Publications of the Bibliographical Society of America 39 (1945): 56–58.
5. T.J. to William Stephens Smith, July 9, 1786, Papers, 10: 117.
6. T.J. to James Madison, August 2, 1787, Papers, 11: 667–668.
7. T.J. to Francis Hopkinson, August 14, 1786, Papers, 10: 250.
8. T.J. to Ezra Stiles, September 1, 1786, Papers, 10: 317.
9. Howard C. Rice, Jr., Thomas Jefferson’s Paris (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976), 33–35.
10. T.J. to Maria Cosway, October 12, 1786, Papers, 10: 444. The remainder of the quotations from this letter are drawn from this edition, 10: 443–455, and are not separately documented.
11. Arthur Young, Travels during the Years 1787, 1788, and 1789 (Bury St. Edmund’s, England: J. Rackham for W. Richardson, 1792), 63.
12. Ibid.
13. Joseph Townsend, A Journey through Spain in the Years 1786 and 1787 … and Remarks in Passing through a Part of France, 3 vols. (London: for C. Dilly, 1791), 1: 35.
14. James A. Bear, Jefferson’s Advice to His Children and Grandchildren on Their Reading: An Address Delivered during the Celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the Tracy W. McGregor Library, 1939-1964 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia, Tracy W. McGregor Library, 1967), 16, locates a 1785 copy of Florian’s Galatée inscribed “A Mademoiselle Jefferson.”
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