TAFT, Cincinnatus A. (1822–84). Hartford’s leading physician, and the Clemens family doctor until his death.
TAYLOR, Bayard (1825–78). Poet, translator, and travel writer; also United States diplomat, with posts in Russia and Germany. The Clemenses made an Atlantic crossing in his company in 1878 on the SS Holsatia.
TRUMBULL, James Hammond (1821–97). Historian and philologist; an authority on Native American languages. A Hartford resident.
TWICHELL, Joseph H. (1838–1918). One of Mark Twain’s closest friends. Pastor of Asylum Hill Congregational Church in Hartford, where the Clemenses rented a pew. He and his wife, Julia, had nine children.
WARING, George E. (Jr.) (1833–98). Union Civil War colonel, agriculturalist, sanitation engineer, and essayist. His story “Vix,” a loving tribute to his mare, was published in the Atlantic Monthly in 1868.
WARNER, Charles Dudley (1829–1900). Nook Farm neighbor, writer, co-owner and co-editor of the Hartford Courant, and co-author with Mark Twain of The Gilded Age (1873). From 1884 he and his wife, Susan (1838–1921; “Cousin Susie”), lived on the property adjoining the Clemenses’ in Nook Farm. Before that date, the house was home to the George H. WARNER family.
WARNER, George H. (1833–1919). From 1873 he, his wife, Elisabeth “Lilly” Gillette Warner (1835–1915), and their children, Frank and Margaret (“Daisy”), lived in a house on the property adjoining the Clemenses’ in Nook Farm. They moved in 1884 to the GILLETTE house.
WASHINGTON, Henry (1842–1927). Son of Mary Ann CORD, by her first marriage. Sold on the auction block around 1852, he later escaped slavery by the Underground Railroad. Taking the surname Washington, he settled in Elmira, where he married and raised a family. He worked as a barber, eventually having his own shop on Water Street.
WEBSTER, Charles L. (1851–91). Married Mark Twain’s niece Annie Moffett in 1875. In the 1880s he was Mark Twain’s business manager and partner in his publishing firm. Personality clashes and ill health led to his retirement in 1888, less than two years before his death.
WHEELER, Candace (1827–1923). Pioneering decorative artist. An associate of Louis Comfort Tiffany, she helped to decorate the Clemenses’ Hartford house in 1881. Her daughter Dora (1856–1940) was an artist and portrait painter. The Clemenses met them through Dean SAGE.
WHITMORE, Franklin G. (1846–1926). A Hartford friend and Mark Twain’s business agent in the 1880s and 1890s. His wife, Harriet, was a close friend of Livy’s.
WILLS, Lizzie. British-born nursemaid, hired probably in 1874 and with the family until 1877. The circumstances of her dismissal inspired Mark Twain’s short story “Wapping Alice” (SLC 1981).
WOOD, Charles Erskine Scott (1852–1944). Soldier, author, painter, lawyer, environmentalist, and social activist. When Mark Twain met him in 1881, he was adjutant at West Point.
WORKS CITED
AutoMT1. 2010. Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 1. Edited by Harriet Elinor Smith, Benjamin Griffin, Victor Fischer, Michael B. Frank, Sharon K. Goetz, and Leslie Diane Myrick. The Mark Twain Papers. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2010.
AutoMT2. 2013. Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 2. Edited by Benjamin Griffin, Harriet Elinor Smith, Victor Fischer, Michael B. Frank, Sharon K. Goetz, and Leslie Diane Myrick. The Mark Twain Papers. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Clemens, Clara. 1931. My Father, Mark Twain. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Courtney, Steve. 2011. “The Loveliest Home That Ever Was”: The Story of the Mark Twain House in Hartford. With a Foreword by Hal Holbrook. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.
Harnsberger, Caroline Thomas. 1960. Mark Twain: Family Man. New York: The Citadel Press.
———. 1982. Mark Twain’s Clara: or What Became of the Clemens Family. Evanston, Ill.: Ward Schori.
Inds. 1989. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians, and Other Unfinished Stories. Foreword and notes by Dahlia Armon and Walter Blair. The Mark Twain Library. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Jerome, Robert D., and Herbert A. Wisbey, Jr., eds. 2013. Mark Twain in Elmira. Second edition, with revisions and additions by Barbara E. Snedecor. Elmira, N.Y.: Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies.
Lawton, Mary. 1925. A Lifetime with Mark Twain: The Memories of Katy Leary, for Thirty Years His Faithful and Devoted Servant. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
L6. 2002. Mark Twain’s Letters, Volume 6: 1874–1875. Edited by Michael B. Frank and Harriet Elinor Smith. The Mark Twain Papers. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Lyon, Isabel V. 1906. Diary in The Standard Daily Reminder: 1906. Manuscript notebook in the Mark Twain Papers.
———. 1907. Diary in Date Book for 1907. Manuscript notebook in the Mark Twain Papers.
MTB. 1912. Mark Twain: A Biography. By Albert Bigelow Paine. 3 vols. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Nagawara, Makoto. 1989. “‘A True Story’ and Its Manuscript: Mark Twain’s Image of the American Black.” Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies 29–30 (Spring): 143–56.
Neider, Charles, ed. 1985. Papa: An Intimate Biography of Mark Twain. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
Salsbury, Edith Colgate, ed. 1965. Susy and Mark Twain: Family Dialogues. New York: Harper and Row.
SLC (Samuel Langhorne Clemens). 1874. “A True Story, Repeated Word for Word as I Heard It.” Atlantic Monthly 34 (November): 591–94.
———. 1875. Mark Twain’s Sketches, New and Old. Now First Published in Complete Form. Hartford: American Publishing Company.
———. 1880. A Tramp Abroad. Hartford: American Publishing Company.
———. 1897. How to Tell a Story and Other Essays. New York: Harper and Brothers.
———. 1981. Wapping Alice: Printed for the First Time, Together with Three Factual Letters to Olivia Clemens; Another Story, The McWilliamses and the Burglar Alarm; and Revelatory Portions of the Autobiographical Dictation of April 10, 1907. Berkeley: The Friends of The Bancroft Library.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
“A Family Sketch” was already planned to lead off this book, and its text was being prepared, when The Bancroft Library was able to acquire the manuscript at auction in 2010. I thank the Bancroft’s director Elaine C. Tennant, and deputy director Peter E. Hanff, for all their support of the Mark Twain Papers and Project. Within the Project, I wish to thank general editor Robert H. Hirst for his guidance and encouragement. Project editors Michael B. Frank, Victor Fischer, Harriet Elinor Smith, Amanda Gagel, and Christopher Ohge have earned and double-earned my gratitude: over the several years this book has been in preparation, they have given unstintingly of their labor, expertise, and good humor.
In making this book a reality I have, not for the first time, profited from the incomparable attentions of the University of California Press, from whose number I must single out sponsoring editor Mary C. Francis and project editor Kathleen MacDougall.
At the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, which is home to the manuscripts of three works published here, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the cooperation of Nicole Bouché, director of the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library. At Elmira College, warm thanks to Barbara Snedecor, of the Center for Mark Twain Studies; and at Hartford’s Mark Twain House and Museum, to Cindy Lovell, Patti Philippon, and Steve Courtney. Elsewhere, I give thanks to Rebecca Carroll, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Kevin Mac Donnell, Sharon McCoy, Linda A. Morris, Elizabeth A. Novara, and Barbara Schmidt.
Any errors or infelicities in the translation of German passages are due to my misunderstanding of the wonderful assistance given me by Holger Kersten, who is also the identifier of the Clemenses’ “Baroness in Munich.”
My part in this book is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Margot Griffin Kenney (1938–2012).
B.G.
tings
A Family Sketch and Other Private Writings Page 18