‘Hung be the heavens with black, yield day to night!…’: Henry VI, Part 1, 1.1.1–7.
‘You may imagine him upon Blackheath…’: Henry V, 5, prologue, 16–22.
‘But there’s a saying very old and true…’: Henry V, 1.2.166–71.
‘Plays have made the ignorant more apprehensive…’: Thomas Heywood, Apology for Actors (1612).
‘You have witchcraft in your lips…’: Henry V, 5.2.272–6.
‘here we did see, by particular favour, the body of Queen…’: Samuel Pepys’s diary, 23 February 1699. Available online at: http://www.pepys.info/1669/1669.xhtml.
CHAPTER SEVEN
Ireland: Failures in the Present
‘The day is hot…’: Henry V, 3.2.103–30.
‘The town is beseeched, and the trumpet call us to the breach…’: Henry V, 3.2.104–6.
John Derricke, The Image of Irelande with a Discovery of Woodkern (London, 1581).
‘There was not in Ireland a greater destroyer against foreigners…’: The Annals of Loch Cé: a chronicle of Irish affairs from AD 1014 to AD 1590, partly compiled by B. MacDermot; edited with a translation by W. M. Hennessy (London, 1871). Available online at: http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100010A/index.xhtml. At LC1578.8.
‘Now for our Irish wars…’: Richard II, 2.1.155.
‘The Duke of York is newly come from Ireland…’: Henry VI, Part 2, 4.9.24–7.
‘My Lord of York…’: Henry VI, Part 2, 3.1.309–14.
‘And then it was when the unhappy king…’: Henry IV, Part 1, 1.3.146–50.
‘Were now the general of our gracious Empress…’: Henry V, 5, chorus, 30–34.
CHAPTER EIGHT
City Life, Urban Strife
‘Then mother you are willing…’: Samuel Pepys, 1.260, ‘A country new jig’, stanza 8; this can be found in Hyder E. Rollins (ed.), A Pepysian garland: black-letter broadside ballads of the years 1595–1639 (Cambridge, MA, 1971), pp. 132–8.
‘My lord, as I was sewing in my closet…’: Hamlet, 2.1.77–84.
‘[He] will work nyver but ly drinking at the ale house…’: The Carpenters’ Company Court Papers, GL7784/1, no. 63; quoted in Charles Whitney, ‘“Usually in the working daies”: Playgoing journeymen, apprentices and servants in guild records, 1582–92’, Shakespeare Quarterly 50 (1999), 433–58.
‘A tradesman’s wife of the Exchange…’: Henry Peacham, The Art of Living in London, Or, A Caution how Gentlemen, Countrymen and Strangers, drawn by occasion of business, should dispose of themselves in the thriftiest way, not only in the City, but in all other populous places (1642), p. 4.
‘You are all resolved rather to die than to famish?…’: Coriolanus, 1.1.4–12.
‘You are they…’: Coriolanus, 4.6.131–4.
‘assembled themselves by occasion, & pretence of their meeting at a play’: cited in Jessica A. Browner, ‘Wrong side of the river: London’s disreputable South Bank in the sixteenth and seventeenth century’, Essays in History 36 (1994), 35–73.
‘heartily wish they might be troubled with none of their youth…’: ‘Pierce Penniless’, in Thomas Nashe, The Unfortunate Traveller and other works (London, 2006).
‘Let us kill him, and we’ll have corn at our own price’: Coriolanus, 1.1.4–12.
CHAPTER NINE
New Science, Old Magic
‘Spirits, which by mine art…’: The Tempest, 4.1.120–22.
‘I’ll give thee fairies to attend on thee…’: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 3.1.148–53.
‘Come, you spirits…’: Macbeth, 1.5.38–41.
‘I am Prince of the Seas…’: Meric Casaubon, A True & Faithful Relation of What Passed for Many Years between Dr. John Dee and Some Spirits Tending (London, 1659).
‘her Majestie’s great contentment and delight’: ‘The Compendious Rehearsal’ of John Dee, first published in T. Hearne (ed.), Johannis, confratris et monachi Glastoniensis, chronica dive historia de rebus Glastoniensibus (Oxford, 1726), vol. 2, pp. 497–551.
‘dreaded him because he was accounted a Conjurer’: John Aubrey, Brief lives (London, 2000); Dee’s life is discussed pp. 366–9.
‘And for these and other such like marvellous Actes…’: John Dee’s preface to The Elements of Geometry of the most Ancient philosopher Euclid of Megara. Faithfully (now first) translated into the English tongue, by H. Billingsley, citizen of London (London 1570), p. A1.
‘It was mine Art that made gape the pine’: The Tempest, 1.2.290–92
‘But this rough magic…’: The Tempest, 5.1.50–58.
CHAPTER TEN
Toil and Trouble
‘Double, double, toil and trouble…’: Macbeth, 4.1.35–6.
‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair…’: Macbeth, 1.1.9–10.
‘And because it may appeare unto the world what treacherous…’ Reginald Scot, The Discovery of Witchcraft (1584).
James VI of Scotland, Daemonologie, In Form of a Dialogue, Divided into three Books (1597); reprinted in 1603 (as James I of England).
‘at the time when his Maiestie was in Denmarke…’: Newes from Scotland, 1591/2. Available online at: http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/aug2000.xhtml.
‘pretended to bewitch and drowne his Majesty…’: ibid.
‘Here I have a pilot’s thumb…’: Macbeth, 1.3.28–9.
‘Liver of blaspheming Jew…’: Macbeth, 4.1.26–34.
‘Double, double, toil and trouble…’: Macbeth, 4.1.35–8.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Treason and Plots
‘For God’s sake, let us sit upon the ground…’: Richard II, 3.2.155–70.
‘let me prophesy…’: Richard II, 4.1.136–49.
George Carleton, Bishop of Chichester, A Thankful Remembrance of God’s Mercy: An Historical Collection of the great and merciful Deliverances of the Church and State of ENGLAND, since the Gospel began here to flourish, from the beginning of Queen Elizabeth (1624).
‘O what a fall was there, my countrymen!…’: Julius Caesar, 3.2.191–9.
CHAPTER TWELVE
Sex and the City
‘Ho, no, no, no, no! My meaning in saying he is a good man…’: The Merchant of Venice, 1.3.15–26.
‘Truely such is the stupendious…’: Thomas Coryate, Coryate’s Crudities, Hastily Gobbled Up in Five Months Travels in France, Savoy, Italy, Rhetia Commonly Called the Grisons Country, Helvetia Alias Switzerland, Some Parts of High Germany and the Netherlands (1611) p. 171.
‘I’ll give my jewels for a set of beads…’: Richard II, 3.3.147–50.
‘Why, yet it lives there uncheck’d that Antonio…’: The Merchant of Venice, 3.1.2–7.
‘The duke cannot deny the course of law…’: The Merchant of Venice, 3.3.26–31.
‘Fayre Venice, flower of the last worlds delight…’: Edmund Spenser, Sonnet IV.
‘So infinite are the allurements of the most famous Calypsos…’: Thomas Coryate, Coryate’s Crudities (1611) p.171.
‘It surpasseth for Cities, buildings and outward magnificence…’: Robert Johnson’s translation of Giovanni Botero, An historical description of the most famous kingdoms and common-wheals in the world (London, 1603).
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
From London to Marrakesh
‘The Sultana Isabel, who has high position and majestic glory…’: Nabil Matar, Britain and Barbary, 1589–1689 (Tampa, 2005), p. 25.
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Discovery of Guiana (1596).
‘Mislike me not for my complexion…’: The Merchant of Venice, 2.1.1–3.
‘They have in England…’: The Merchant of Venice, 2.7.55–60.
‘Even now, now, very now, an old black ram…’: Othello, 1.1.89–92.
‘Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances…’: Othello, 1.3.133–7.
Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffics and Discoveries of the English Nation (1598–1600); the reference to pirates can be found in following edition: Principal Navigations (Glasgow, 1905), vol. 5, pp. 280–82.
‘Being boarded so, and robbed then are they tied…’: Anonymous, The Lamentable Cries of at leas.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Disguise and Deception
‘If I were a woman, I would kiss as many of you…’: As You Like It, 5.4.211–16.
‘Were it not better…’: As You Like It, 1.3.112–20.
‘some squeaking Cleopatra’: Antony and Cleopatra, 5.2.220.
‘Will you buy any tape…’: The Winter’s Tale, 4.4.313–21.
‘goeth abroad to sell sope and candels from towne to towne…’: Cited in Adam Fox, ‘News and popular political opinion in Elizabethan and early Stuart England’, The Historical Journal 40 (1997), 597–620, at p. 602.
‘his chief employment was in making of secret places to hide…’: The condition of Catholics under James I: Father Gerard’s narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, ed. J. Morris (1872).
‘Those Snakes that do naturally sting…’: Thomas Morton, An Exact Discovery of Romish Doctrine in the Case of Conspiracy and Rebellion (1679).
‘Faith, here’s an equivocator…’: Macbeth, 2.3.8–11.
‘I’ll play the orator as well as Nestor…’: Henry VI, Part 3, 3.2.188–93.
‘I heard myself proclaim’d…’: King Lear, 2.3.1–5.
‘Whiles I may ‘scape…’: King Lear, 2.3.5–12.
‘the weasel Scot’: Henry V, 1.2.170.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
The Flag That Failed
‘She shall be, to the happiness of England…’: Henry VIII, 5.5.56–62.
‘So shall she leave her blessedness to one…’: Henry VIII, 5.5.43–49.
‘Wherever the bright sun of heaven shall shine…’: Henry VIII, 5.5.50–55.
‘Oh where is Britaine?’: William Herbert, Lamentation of Britaine (1606).
‘What God has conjoined then let no man separate’: full text available online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=8962.
‘let / A Roman and a British ensign wave’: Cymbeline, 5.5.477–83.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
A Time of Change, a Change of Time
‘For now hath time made me his numbering clock…’: Richard II, 5.5.50–51.
‘Now, sir, the sound that tells what hour it is…’: Richard II, 5.5.55–6.
‘I seek a wife?’: Love’s Labour’s Lost, 3.1.186–9.
‘not a jar o’th’clock’: The Winter’s Tale, 1.2.43.
‘In most places they descend no lower than the half or quarter’: The first and second volumes of Chronicles comprising 1 The description and history of England, 2 The description and history of Ireland, 3 The description and history of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others (1587), vol. 1, p. 118.
‘Seven of my people, with an obedient start…’: Twelfth Night, 2.5.57–61.
‘There’s no clock in the forest’: As You Like It, 3.2.287–8.
‘Where heretofore they began not their Plaies till towards fower a clock…’: cited in Peter Thomson, Shakespeare’s theatre (London, 1992), p. 21.
‘I that please some, try all; both joy and terror…’: The Winter’s Tale, 4.1.1–9.
‘There is no fear in him; let him not die…’: Julius Caesar, 2.1.190–93.
‘Doth not the world see, that you, beastly brutes…’: Cited in Bernard Cottret, The Huguenots in England: immigration and settlement, c. 1550–1700 (Cambridge, 1991), p. 77.
‘As the dial hand tells o’er…’: ‘To the Queen’, published in Jonathan Bate and Eric Rasmussen (eds.), The RSC Shakespeare: the complete works (London, 2007).
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
Plague and Playhouse
‘To report of her death (like a thunder-clap)…’: Thomas Dekker, The Wonderfull Yeare (1603), published in Rev. Alexander B. Grosart (ed.), The non-dramatic works of Thomas Dekker (London, 1884), p. 86. Available online at: http://openlibrary.org/books/OL14030908M/The_non-dramatic_works_of_Thomas_Dekker.
‘I hear of none but the new proclamation…’: Henry VIII, 1.3.17–18.
‘These things indeed you have articulate…’: Henry IV, Part 1, 5.1.72–3.
‘Long may they kiss each other, for this cure!’: Venus and Adonis, 505–10.
‘By heaven, I would most gladly have forgot it…’: Othello, 4.1.19–22.
‘the searchers of the town…’: Romeo and Juliet, 5.2.5–12.
‘Death…(like stalking Tamberlaine)…’: Thomas Dekker, The Wonderfull Yeare (1603), published in Rev. Alexander B. Grosart (ed.), The non-dramatic works of Thomas Dekker (London, 1884).
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
London Becomes Rome
‘I do not like the Tower, of any place…’: Richard III, 3.1.68–79.
‘But now behold…’: Henry V, 5, prologue, 22–8.
Quotations from Dekker’s pamphlet are from Thomas Dekker, The Magnificent Entertainment given to King James, Queen Anne his wife and Henry Frederick the Prince, upon the day of his Majesties triumphant passage (from the Tower) through his honourable City (and Chamber) of London (1604), reproduced in Sir Walter’s Scott, A collection of scarce and valuable tracts on most entertaining subjects, vol. 3 (London 1810), pp. 3–35.
‘Grandsire, ‘tis Ovid’s Metamorphoses…’: Titus Andronicus, 4.1.42–3.
‘Where left we last?’: The Taming of the Shrew, 3.1.26–36.
‘Great monarch of the West…’: ‘Pageant 5, The Arches of Triumph’, in Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino (eds.), Thomas Middleton: the collected works (Oxford, 2010), p. 254.
‘Begin our Spring, and with our Spring the Prime…’: ‘Part of the King’s entertainment’, in William Gifford (ed.), The works of Ben Jonson in nine volumes (London, 1816), vol. 6, p. 649.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
The Theatres of Cruelty
Stage directions: Henry VI, Part 2, 4.4; Henry VI, Part 2, 4.7; Henry VI, Part 2, 5.1; Henry VI, Part 3, 1.1; Richard III, 3.5; King John, 3.2; Macbeth, 5.8; Cymbeline, 4.2; and Titus Andronicus, 2.4 and 3.1.
‘Ballard the priest, who was the first broacher of this treason’: Holinshed’s Chronicles or The first and second volumes of Chronicles comprising 1 The description and history of England, 2 The description and history of Ireland, 3 The description and history of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others (1587), vol 3, p. 1555.
George Peele, The Battle of Alcazar (1594).
‘What studied torments, tyrant, hast for me?’: The Winter’s Tale, 3.2.173–7.
Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy (1592).
‘Fellows, hold the chair…’: King Lear, 3.7.66–83.
‘There is no question whether there wanted people at this public spectacle…’: Holinshed’s Chronicles or The first and second volumes of Chronicles comprising 1 The description and history of England, 2 The description and history of Ireland, 3 The description and history of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others (1587), vol. 4. (This can be found at p. 915 of the 1808 published version: Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, vol. 4 (London, 1808).)
CHAPTER TWENTY
Shakespeare Goes Global
Extracts from Marcel Reich-Ranicki speech at the Bundestag, Berlin, 27 January 2012.
‘Was ever woman in this humour wooed?’: Richard III, 1.11. 227.
‘Who, as he was a happie imitator of Nature…’: Heminge and Condell’s dedication ‘To the Great Variety of Readers’, First Folio (1623).
‘Cowards die many times before their deaths…’: Julius Caesar, 2.2.32–7.
‘You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog…’: The Merchant of Venice, 1.3.108–26.
‘These our actors…’: The Tempest, 4.1.148–57.
Quotations from Shakespeare’s plays are taken from the following Penguin Classic editions:
As You Like It (2005)
The Comedy of Errors (2005)
Coriolanus (2005)
Cymbeline (2005
)
Hamlet (2005)
Henry IV, Part 1 (2005)
Henry IV, Part 2 (2005)
Henry V (2010)
Henry VI, Part 1 (2005)
Henry VI, Part 2 (2005)
Henry VI, Part 3 (2007)
Henry VIII (2006)
Julius Caesar (2005)
King John (2005)
King Lear (2005)
Love’s Labour’s Lost (2005)
Macbeth (2005)
The Merchant of Venice (2005)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (2005)
A Midsummer Night’s Dream (2005)
Much Ado About Nothing (2005)
Othello (2005)
Pericles (2008)
Richard II (2008)
Richard III (2005)
Romeo and Juliet (2005)
The Taming of the Shrew (2006)
The Tempest (2007)
Titus Andronicus (2005)
Twelfth Night (2005)
The Winter’s Tale (2005)
Picture Credits
p. 1 Earthrise, taken by William Anders from Apollo 8, on 24 December 1968 (SSPL via Getty Images)
p. 2 Sir Francis Drake’s Circumnavigation Medal, 1589, designed by Michael Mercator (© The Trustees of the British Museum. Inv. No.: 1882,0507.1)
p. 4 Replica of the Golden Hind, under sail at sea c.1987 (© Joel W. Rogers/CORBIS)
p. 7 Palace of Whitehall by Wenceslas Hollar, 1650–65 (© The Trustees of the British Museum. 1880, 1113.5848)
p. 8 Terrestrial globe from a set in Middle Temple Library, London (© The Honourable Society of Middle Temple, 2012. With thanks to The Masters of the Bench of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple)
p. 11 Title page of Hakluyt’s The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, 1599 (© The British Library Board. 984.g. 1, 2 (vol. I))
pp. 12–13 Map of Augmentation of the Indies that was made in 1599 to accompany Hakluyt’s Principal Navigations…(© The British Library Board. G.6605)
p. 15 Portrait of Sir Francis Drake by unknown artist, oil on panel, c.1580 (© National Portrait Gallery, London. NPG 4032)
p. 16 The reconstructed Globe Theatre, London (© Peter Phipp/Travelshots/The Bridgeman Art Library)
p. 18 The Stratford Chalice (image provided by the British Museum, courtesy of Martin Gorick, Vicar of Stratford upon Avon)
p. 20 Penny Downie as Gertrude and Patrick Stewart as Claudius in a film of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s production of Hamlet, directed by Gregory Doran. (© Illuminations/Royal Shakespeare Company/BBC 2009)
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