My final thanks go to those experts in the words and world of Shakespeare who appear in the different chapters of this book and who contributed so generously their knowledge and their time – above all to Jonathan Bate and to my colleague at the British Museum, Dora Thornton. Both of them, although hard at work on the Museum’s exhibition ‘Shakespeare: staging the world’, always found the time to comment and encourage.
Index
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Page references in italic indicate illustrations.
African National Congress 281
African treasure 184–5, 185, 188–9
Agincourt 75, 82, 83, 104
‘Allegory of the Tudor Succession’ 49–57
Alleyn, Edward 73, 246, 247, 255
American Indians 128
Annals of Loch Cé 97
Anne Boleyn 44, 154
Anne, Princess of Denmark 139–40, 142, 250
double portrait with James I (Estrack) 141
al-Annuri, Abd al-Wahid bin Masoud bin Muhammad 180, 181
Antony and Cleopatra 255
Apollo 8 3
apprentices 108–11, 114–15
in a goldsmith’s workshop (Delaune) 109
Armin, Robert 114
The History of Two Maids of Moreclack 113
The Art of Living in London (Peacham) 110
As You Like It 191–2, 221
audiences ix–xii
apprentices in 109–11, 114
eating by 33–43
and the Irish 92–104
knowledge and understanding among 4–5, 20, 69, 82–3, 92, 107–8, 126–8, 133–6, 144, 154, 159, 199, 214, 237, 255–7
mischief among 110–11
at reconstructed Globe Theatre 41
swordfighting and xi–xii, 70, 73
and timekeeping 215–27
wrecking the theatre 111
Aztecs 128
Babington plot 150, 155, 157
Ballard, John 262–5
Barbary Company 180
Barbary pirates 185–8, 186, 189
Barber, Peter 6–7, 14
Barnett, Richard 233
Bate, Jonathan 10, 79–80, 83–4, 211–13, 248, 256–7, 284
The Battle of Alcazar (Peele) 267
bear-baiting 63–4
Bennet, Alice 194
Bertelli, Donato: Vere imagini et descritioni delle piu nobili citta del mondo 172
Bible 14, 26, 29, 208
Robben Island xv, 281–3
Bills of Mortality 231
Bishopton 31
Black Death see plague
Blackfriars playhouse 40, 72–3, 125
Bowsher, Julian 35, 38, 42
Brady, Ciaran 97–8, 99
Brahe, Tycho 131, 218
Bricklayers’ Company 114
Britain 203–14
British flag 202, 208, 209–14
Ryther map of Great Britain and Ireland 100–101
Bruno, Giordano 131
Brutus of Troy 252
bubonic plague see plague
Burgh, Alison de 67
Caesar, Julius ix, 243, 252, 256
on horseback (van der Straet) 252
Callot, Jacques, battle between a Barbary and a European ship 189
caps, social meaning of 105–15
Capwell, Toby 64, 65–7
Carey, Sir Robert 203
Carleton, George
portrait by von Hulsen 149
A Thankfull Remembrance of God’s Mercie 150–53, 151, 152, 155, 157–9, 157
cartography see mapmaking
Catherine of Aragon 21
Catherine of Valois 87–8
wooden funeral effigy 86
Catholicism xv, 21, 23–8
Catholic plots 54–5, 152, 153, 155–9, 157, 198
Jesuits 196–8
in league with Jews 157
mass 21
undercover Catholic priests 195–9
Cecil, Sir Robert 203
Chamberlain’s Men 213, 234 see also King’s Men
Christian church 20–26, 30–31
Catholicism see Catholicism
communion 20–21, 31
and Islam 176
Protestantism see Protestantism
Reformation 21, 23–8
Stratford chalice 18, 20–21, 23, 31
Christian IV of Denmark 139
Chronicles of England, Scotlande and Irelande (Holinshed) 145, 270
city life 105–15
urban violence and strife 61–73, 111–15
clockmakers 217–18, 225–6
clocks 215–27, 216, 222
Horologia Ferrea (van der Straet) 219
clothes
for disguise xiv, 190, 192–201
social meaning of caps and 105–15
Cockpit Theatre 111
coins
British 209, 209
Moroccan gold 174, 184–5, 189
The Comedy of Errors 9, 224
communion (Christian sacrament) 20, 31
Condell, Henry 276, 278
Conversations with Angels (Dee) 121
Coriolanus 111–14, 115, 255
Coryate, Thomas 42, 162, 173
cruelty, theatres of xiv, 259–60, 267–71
Cymbeline 213–14, 280, 281
Daemonoligie (James VI of Scotland) 136–8, 137
daggers 38, 62, 63, 65, 67, 70, 71
Dan, Pierre: Histoire de Barbarie 186
de Burgh, Alison 67
de Critz, John, portrait of James I 206
de Heere, Lucas, painting of Elizabeth I and the Tudor dynasty 46–7, 52–7, 54–5
deception 191–201
Dee, John 118–25, 126, 128, 129–31, 218
Conversations with Angels 121
General and rare memorials pertayning to the perfect arte of navigation 127
mirror of 118, 122, 128, 131
portrait 123
wax disc by 124
wooden case for mirror 119
Dekker, Thomas 229, 240, 241, 245, 247–8, 254–5
A Rod for Runawayes 235
Delaune, Étienne: engraving of a goldsmith’s workshop 109
Derricke, John: The Image of Ireland 90–91, 92–8, 94–5, 99–102
Description of England (Harrison) 218
Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex 103, 104
The Discoverie of Witchcraft (Scot) 136
The Discovery of Guiana (Raleigh) 10, 175
disguise xiv, 190, 191–201
unmasking of 200–201
Doctor Faustus (Marlowe) 125, 129
Doran, Gregory 117–18, 125
Doran, Susan 49–52, 57, 80–82, 158
Drake, Sir Francis 3, 4–9, 15, 175
circumnavigation medal 2, 4–5, 6–7, 9–10, 16
Drake’s Passage 6
dress see clothes
drinking
and figures of authority 19–20, 30
in theatres 38, 40, 42
duels 70, 72–3 see also swords and swordplay
Duffy, Eamon 26, 28
Dutch Church, Austin Friars 225–6, 227
earth
exploration and circumnavigation 3–16, 175
mapping of the globe see mapmaking
seen from space 3
eating, in Elizabethan theatres 33–43
Edward VI 21, 49
Edward VIII 44
Elizabeth I 9, 21, 23, 87, 102, 104, 154, 196
‘Armada Portrait’ (Gower) 177
claims as rightful heir of her predecessors (de Heere painting) 46–7
conspiracies against xiv, 54–5, 150, 152, 153, 155–8, 157
de Heere’s painting of 46–7, 52–7, 54–5
death 203, 229–30
and Dee 122, 126, 129
as
the image of timelessness 226–7
in The Kings and Queens of England (Goltzius) 59
and the Moors/Moroccans 175, 180, 182, 189
names of 175
and Parry 156
prints 49–57
Queen of Ireland (Hilliard) 93
and the question of her succession xiii, 31, 44–60
and Shakespeare’s pro-Tudor line 213
Elizabethan theatres see theatres, Elizabethan
Elsinore castle 139–40
Elstrack, Renold, double portrait of James I and Anne of Denmark 141
England
and Britain 203–14
and global circumnavigation and exploration 3–16, 175
and Ireland 89–104
and mapmaking see mapmaking
and Morocco 176–85
nationalism 74–88
and the New World 126–8
and the press 44
and the Reformation 21, 23–8
and Spain 6–7, 53, 96, 126–8, 156, 198
succession crisis/question 31, 44–60
union with Scotland 203–14
Erik XIV of Sweden 154
Essex, Countess of 73
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of 103, 104
executions xiv, 44, 58–9, 99–102, 115, 140, 142, 154, 156, 260–67, 271
exoticism 5–6
eye relic, Edward Oldcorne xiv–xv, 258, 260–62, 261
Falstaff 10–14, 42–3
Fawkes, Guy 159, 262, 266
fencing school of the University of Leiden (van Swanenburg) 72
First Folio xv, 276–80, 277, 284
Fitzpatrick, Joan 43
flag, British 202, 209–14
Flemings 225–6
Fletcher, John 204
food, in Elizabethan theatres 33–43
fork, from the Rose Theatre x–xi, 32, 33, 34, 41–2
Forsyth, Hazel 236
Fortune Theatre 40, 109
Frenchmen 158, 225–6
Galileo Galilei 131
garments see clothes
Garnet, Henry, Wierix portrait 197
General and rare memorials pertayning to the perfect arte of navigation (Dee) 127
‘the Genius of the City’ 247
Gerard, Owen 196
Gill, Eric: Prospero and Ariel 285, 286
Gipkyn, John: The restoration of Old St Paul’s 212
glassware, Venetian 160, 162–7, 165, 169–72, 171
Glennie, Paul 221, 225
global circumnavigation and mapping 3–16, 175
Globe Theatre xii, 17, 36–7, 257
burning of 38
eating in 39
reconstructed theatre 16, 41, 269
Shakespeare as a shareholder 37
and swordplay 70
tap house 40
Goff, Moira 154
Going to Bankside (van Meer) 65
gold 177–80, 184–5, 185
coins 174, 209
Golden Hind 5
replica 4
Goldsmiths’ Company 114
Goltzius, Hendrik: The Kings and Queens of England 58–9, 84–5
Goodare, Julian 142–3, 144
Gordon, James: The Royal Palace of Holy Rood-Hous 205
Gorick, Martin 22–3
Gower, George, ‘Armada Portrait’ of Elizabeth I 177
Graffius, Jan 194–6, 260–62, 265–6
Great Britain see Britain
Gunpowder Plot 158–9, 159, 262, 266
Gustus (from The Five Senses by Crispijn de Passe the Elder) 39
Hadfield, Andrew 96, 102–4
Hakluyt, Richard 186
Principall Navigations 10, 11–13
Hamlet 18, 19–20, 28, 30–31, 69, 70, 109
Hampton Court 241
Harrison, Stephen: The Arches of Triumph 248, 250
Harrison, William 69, 218
hats, social meaning of 105–15
Hawke, Ethan 195
Hemminges, John 40, 276, 278
Henri III 154
Henri IV 154
Henry IV 57, 84–5
Henry IV 49, 70
Henry V 80–83, 81, 84–5
bronze seal matrix of Henry, Prince of Wales 82
funeral achievements xii–xiii, 75–81, 76–7
tomb, Westminster Abbey 78
Henry V vii–viii, 70, 74–5, 75, 82–3, 87, 87, 104, 153, 245, 267
and the Irish 89–92, 96
Henry VI 84–5
Henry VI
Part 1 45, 45, 78
Part 2 98
Part 3 70
Henry VII 45–8, 59
Henry VIII 21, 44, 48, 49, 154, 209
Henry VIII 203, 204, 230–31
Henry VIII and his family (Rogers) 50–51
Herbert, William: Lamentation of Britaine 208
Heywood, Thomas 41–2, 86–7
Hilliard, Nicholas, Elizabeth I as Queen of Ireland 93
Histoire de Barbarie (Dan) 186
The History of Two Maids of Moreclack (Armin) 113
history play genre 44–9, 84–7 see also specific plays
Hogenberg, Abraham, broadside on the Gunpowder Plot and the Guy Fawkes conspiracy 159
Holinshed, Ralf: Chronicles of England, Scotlande and Irelande 145, 270
Hollar, Wenceslas: The Tower of London 244
Hope Theatre 36–7
Horace 248
Horologia Ferrea (van der Straet) 219
Hulsen, Friedrich von, portrait of George Carleton 149
Hytner, Nicholas 223–4
identity changes 191–201
The Image of Ireland (Derricke) 90–91, 92–8, 94–5, 99–102
Ireland 89–104
Islam 176, 180–82
Jacobi, Sir Derek 130
James VI and I 57, 60, 104, 129, 139–40, 142, 144
ceremonial procession through London 241, 245–57, 257
coins 209
conspiracies against 140–46, 154, 158–9
Daemonoligie 136–8, 137
de Critz portrait 206
double portrait with Anne of Denmark (Estrack) 141
and Great Britain 203–14
and plague 228, 230–31, 235, 237, 238
silver coronation medal 254
and witchcraft 132, 136–8, 140–46
Jamestown, Virginia 128
Jardine, Lisa 120, 122–4, 126
Jesuits 196–8
Jews 157, 168–9, 170, 273
Johnson, Robert 173
Johnstoune, William 278–80, 283
Jonson, Ben 73, 114, 245, 247, 252–4, 276, 284
Julius Caesar 52, 153–4, 224, 255–6, 279, 282, 283
Kelley, Edward 118–20, 131
Kepler, Johannes 131
kerns 96, 97–9
Kindt, David 220
King Lear 60, 191, 199–200, 200, 211, 268–70, 269
The Kings and Queens of England (Goltzius) 58–9, 84–5
King’s Men 114, 213, 240, 241, 276 see also Chamberlain’s Men
Kyd, Thomas 267
The Lamentable Cries of at least 500
Christians 187
Lamentation of Britaine (Herbert) 208
language, respectful and familiar 105–7
Leith 132, 140–42
London
apprentices in 108–11, 114
Bills of Mortality 231
cap-wearing mobs 112–14
Dutch Church, Austin Friars 225–6, 227
Going to Bankside (van Meer) 65
as heir to ancient Rome 243–57
James’s ceremonial procession through 241, 245–57, 257
map of Elizabethan theatres ix
Middle Temple 9
Moors in 182
plague 228, 230–41, 232, 235, 238
public clocks 219–23
south bank 17, 34, 40–41, 63–4
Southwark 34, 36–7, 40, 64, 236, 241
street violence 61, 63–4, 111, 114
table m
anners in Elizabethan London 42
theatres see theatres, Elizabethan
Tower Hill 115
Tower of xi, 243–4
triumphal arches 242, 245–54, 249, 251, 256
and Venice 168, 182–4
view from south bank (about 1610) 36–7
Whitehall 6, 104, 203, 255
Lopez, Roderigo 155–7
Lopez plot 150, 152, 153, 155–7
Lord Chamberlain’s Men 213, 234 see also King’s Men
Lord Mayor’s pageant 208
Love’s Labour’s Lost 108, 217
Lowe, Kate 180–82, 188
Luther, Martin 28
Macbeth 60, 117, 132–6, 139, 144–6, 145, 146, 198, 211
magic 117–31
Mandela, Nelson 283
al-Mansur, Sharif Ahmad 175, 177–80, 185, 188
mapmaking 9–10, 14–16
augmentation of the Indies 10, 12–13
Drake’s silver medal map 2, 4–5, 6–7, 9–10, 16
Mercator projection 14–16
propaganda 6–7
terrestrial globe 8
Whitehall wall map 6–7
Marlowe, Christopher 44–55, 73, 83, 267
Doctor Faustus 125, 129
Marrakesh 178–9, 180
Marshalsea Prison 115
Mary, Queen of Scots 57, 154, 155
Mary Tudor 21, 49, 55, 57
mass, Catholic 21
McGrath, Elizabeth 247
Mercator, Gerard 14, 16
Mercator projection 14–16
Mercator, Michael 16
Mercator, Rumold 16
The Merchant of Venice 161, 163, 167, 169, 170, 173, 176–7, 283–4
The Merry Wives of Windsor 10–14, 64, 224
Mexico 128
Middle Temple, London 9
A Midsummer Night’s Dream 4, 17, 117, 280
mirrors, obsidian 118, 122, 128, 131
wooden case for Dee’s mirror 119
Molá, Luca 167–8
Montaigne, Michel de xii
Moors/Moroccans 176–85
Morocco 176–85, 178–9
Morrill, John 207
Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio) xv, 276–80, 277, 284
Much Ado About Nothing xi
Munday, Antony: Triumphes of Re-united Britannia 208
Napoleon I xv–xvi
Nashe, Thomas 115
nationalism 74–88
Nazis 273
Newes from Scotland 143–4, 143
Newton, Sir Isaac 131
Nighy, Bill 200
Nine Years War 104
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of 54
Nottingham, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of 210
obsidian mirrors see mirrors, obsidian
Oldcorne, Edward 260–61, 262, 263, 265, 271
eye relic xiv–xv, 260–62, 261
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