by Zirin, Dave
36. James Petras, “Don’t Cry for Lula: The Politics of a Decaying Workers’ Regime,” blog post, July 30, 2005, http://petras.lahaine.org/?p=26.
37. Anderson, “Lula’s Brazil.”
38. Ibid.
39. Beth McLoughlin, “Rio Lawmaker Marcelo Freixo ‘to Flee’ Rio after Threats,” BBC News, November 1, 2011, www.bbc.co.uk/news/world -latin-america-15466647.
40. Ibid.
41. Max Ajl, “Brazil: New Challenge from the Left?” North American Congress on Latin America website, February 23, 2009, http://nacla.org /news/brazil-new-challenge-left.
42. The Dark Knight, Warner Brothers, directed by Christopher Nolan, 2008.
43. Anderson, “Lula’s Brazil.”
44. Economist, “Has Brazil Blown It?”
45. Economist, “A Rough Ride for Rousseff,” September 28, 2013, http://www .economist.com/news/special-report/21586677-much-could-still-change -year-next-election-rough-ride-rousseff.
46. Robert M. Levine, “Sport and Society: The Case of Brazilian Futebol,” Luso-Brazilian Review 17, no. 2 (Winter 1980): 233–52.
47. Associated Press, “Reagan ‘Burned’ During Toast,” December 2, 1982.
Chapter 4
1. Eduardo Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow (New York: Nation Books, 2013), 31.
2. Alex Bellos, Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life (London: Bloomsbury, 2009), 27–28.
3. Ibid.
4. BBC News, “Census Records Show Scot ‘Started Football in Brazil,’” March 27, 2011, www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-12874090.
5. Bellos, Futebol, 29.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., 32.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., 33.
11. Bellos, “On a Glorious Bender,” Guardian, April 27, 2002, www.theguardian .com/football/2002/apr/27/sport.features.
12. Bellos, Futebol, 33.
13. Quoted in Bellos, Futebol, 40.
14. Bellos, Futebol, 34.
15. Ibid., 45.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., 54.
18. Ibid., 101.
19. Ibid., 56.
20. Ibid., 97.
21. Alex Bellos, “For 50 Years One Moment Has Haunted Brazil. Why?” Guardian, July 15, 2000, www.theguardian.com/football/2000/jul/15 /newsstory.sport.
22. Quoted in Bellos, Futebol, 111.
23. Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 370.
24. Ibid., 380.
25. Levine, “Sport and Society.”
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 380.
29. Ibid., 391.
30. Ibid., 381.
31. Ibid., 391.
32. Quoted in Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 394. On Medici’s tenure see Associated Press, “Brazil’s Former President Medici Dies,” Los Angeles Times, October 10, 1985, http://articles.latimes.com/1985-10-10/news/mn-15636 _1_southern-brazil.
33. Quoted in Kevin Foster, “Dreaming of Pelé: Football and Society in England and Brazil in the 1950s and 1960s,” Football Studies 6, no. 1 (2003).
34. Levine, “Sport and Society.”
35. Ibid.
36. Callum Fox, “Seleção Legend Romário Slams ‘Imbecile’ Pelé,” Sambafoot, April 28, 2013, www.sambafoot.com/en/news/46232_selecao_legend _romario_slams__imbecile__pele.html.
37. Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 792.
38. Levine, “Sport and Society.”
39. Richard Sandomir, “Turning Pelé’s Appeal into Profit,” New York Times, June 22, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/06/22/sports/22iht-wcpele .html?_r=0.
40. Todd Benson, “Brazilians Mock Pelé Appeal to End Protests,” Reuters, June 20, 2013, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/06/20/uk-brazil-protests -pele-idUKBRE95J03O20130620.
41. Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 792.
42. Bellos, Futebol, 112.
43. Ibid., 346.
44. Quoted in Bellos, Futebol, 346.
45. Quoted in Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 794.
46. The following passage is adapted from Dave Zirin and Zach Zill, “The Death of Sócrates,” Nation, December 12, 2011, www.thenation.com/article/165098 /death-socrates-celebrating-sportspolitics-soccer-legend.
47. Quoted in Goldblatt, Ball Is Round, 632.
48. Alex Bellos, “Sócrates: ‘Everyone Who Comes to Brazil Falls in Love with Someone,’” Guardian, June 12, 2010, www.theguardian.com/theobserver /2010/jun/13/socrates-brazil-football-world-cup.
49. Ibid.
50. It must be noted that with the play of the great Neymar, many are saying that Brazil is trending back toward the beautiful—although it is an open discussion.
51. Interview with Sócrates in Bellos, Futebol, 361.
52. Ibid.
53. Carmen Rial, “Women’s Soccer in Brazil: Invisible but Under Pressure,” Re-Vista: Harvard Review of Latin America (Spring 2012), http://revista .drclas.harvard.edu/publications/revistaonline/spring-2012/womens-soccer -brazil.
54. Jason Margolis, “The Struggle for Female Soccer Equality in Brazil,” radio interview with transcript, Public Radio International, May 27, 2013, http://pri.org/stories/2013-05-27/struggle-female-soccer-equality-brazil.
55. Rial, “Women’s Soccer in Brazil.”
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 6.
59. FIFA website, “Marta Vieira da Silva,” 2014, www.fifa.com/worldcup /organisation/ambassador/marta.html.
60. Bellos, Futebol, 126.
61. Ibid., 141.
62. CNN.com, “Another Black Eye for Brazil Ahead of World Cup as Footballers Protest,” November 15, 2013, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/15 /sport/football/brazil-football-crossing-arms-protests.
63. Ibid.
64. Bellos, Futebol, 21.
65. Quoted in Bellos, Futebol, 21.
66. Bellos, Futebol, 340.
67. Ilan Stavans, Fútbol (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2011), 78.
68. Quoted in Eduardo Galeano, “The Finest Liars in the World,” Tom Dispatch, August 14, 2003, www.tomdispatch.com/blog/886/tomgram%3A __eduardo_galeano_on_champion_liars/print.
Chapter 5
1. Douglas Hartmann, Race, Culture, and the Revolt of the Black Athlete: The 1968 Olympic Protests and Their Aftermath (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 171. Some material in this chapter is drawn from Dave Zirin, “The Ghosts of Olympics Past,” in China’s Great Leap: The Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights, edited by Minky Worden (Boston: Seven Stories Press, 2008), 73–84.
2. Simon Kuper and Stefan Szymanski, Soccernomics (New York: Nation Books, 2009), 287.
3. Associated Press, “Sepp Blatter: Brazil Protesters Shouldn’t ‘Use Football,’” June 19, 2013, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130619 /brazil-protests-confederations-cup-sepp-blatter.ap.
4. Jules Boykoff, “What Is the Real Price of the London Olympics?” Guardian, April 4, 2012, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/apr /04/price-of-london-olympics.
5. Ibid.
6. Quoted in Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States: 1492–Present (New York: Harper Perennial, 2005), 292.
7. Quoted in Thierry Terret and J. A. Mangan, Sport, Militarism and the Great War (New York: Routledge, 2010), 95.
8. Avery Brundage archive, University of Illinois, Box 250, Reel 144.
9. Allen Guttmann, The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 56.
10. Jeremy Schaap, Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler’s Olympics (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2008), 72.
11. Quoted in Schaap, Triumph, 124.
12. Brett Popplewell, “Torch Run: Peace or Propaganda?” Toronto Star, April 12, 2008, www.thestar.com/news/world/2008/04/12/torch_run_peace_or _propaganda.html.
13. Chris Bowlby, “The Olympic Torch’s Shadowy Past,” BBC News, April 5, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7330949.stm.
14. Ibid.
15. Schaap, Triumph, 76.
16. Quoted in Schaap, Triumph, 161.
17. Ibid., 153.
18. George Orwell, “The Sporting Spirit,” 1945, available at http://orwell.ru /library/articles/spirit/english/e_spirit.
19. John Carlos and Dave Zirin, The John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment that Changed the World (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2011), 83.
20. Jan Stradling, More than a Game: When Sport and History Collide (St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Pier 9, 2009), 71.
21. Christopher A. Shaw, Five-Ring Circus: Myths and Realities of the Olympic Games (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2008), 65.
22. Dave Zirin, Welcome to the Terrordome: The Pain, Politics, and Promise of Sports (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2007), 129.
23. Ibid., 129.
24. For a full treatment, read Andrew Jennings, Foul! The Secret World of FIFA (New York: HarperSport, 2006).
25. Kurt Badenhausen,“Mayweather Tops List of the World’s 100 Highest-Paid Athletes,”Forbes, June 18, 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen /2012/06/18/mayweather-tops-list-of-the-worlds-100-highest-paid -athletes.
26. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 37.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., 95.
29. Ibid., 145.
30. Christopher R. Hill, Olympic Politics (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1992), 64.
31. Ali Abunimah, “Sepp Blatter Feeling Heat over UEFA Under 21 in Israel,” Electronic Intifada, December 23, 2012, http://electronicintifada.net/blogs /ali-abunimah/fifa-boss-sepp-blatter-feeling-heat-over-uefa-u21-israel -promises-rebuild-bombed.
32. Jonathan Liew, “England at the World Cup: Dirt, Drama and Defeat in 1950,” Telegraph, October 19, 2013, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport /football/teams/england/10390871/England-at-the-World-Cup-Dirt -drama-and-defeat-in-1950.html.
33. Marco Impiglia, “Mussolini and the 1934 FIFA World Cup: England v. Italy,” presentation at the Relevance and Impact of World Cups 1930–2010 Conference, Zurich, April 25, 2013.
34. Robert S. C. Gordon and John London, “Italy 1934: Football and Fascism,” in National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle, edited by Alan Tomlinson and Christopher Young (Binghamton, NY: SUNY Press, 2006), 50; Associated Press, “Did Dictators Fix World Cup Title for Italy, Argentina?” NDTV Sports Football (blog), April 25, 2010, http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/206855-did-dictators-fix-world-cup -title-for-italy-argentina.
35. Impilia, “Mussolini and the 1934 FIFA World Cup.”
36. Robin Hackett, “First XI: World Cup Quotes,” ESPN Soccernet, May 20, 2010, http://espnfc.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=785678&cc=5901 &ver=us.
37. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 153.
38. David Winner, “But Was This the Beautiful Game’s Ugliest Moment?” Financial Times, June 21, 2008, www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e6347c16-3f2a-11dd -8fd9-0000779fd2ac.html#axzz2sCmeCuF4.
39. Martin Rogers, “Argentina’s 1978 World Cup Win against Peru Was Fixed in a Brutal Political Deal, Former Senator Says,” Yahoo Sports, February 11, 2012, http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/soccer/news?slug=ro-rogers_argentina _peru_fixing_scandal_world_cup_021012.
40. Associated Press, “Dictators Said to Fix Italy, Argentina WCup Titles,” April 25, 2013, http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=soccer&id=9210733; Rogers, “Argentina’s 1978 World Cup Win.”
41. Associated Press, “Dictators Said to Fix Italy, Argentina WCup Titles.”
Chapter 6
1. Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America, 2.
2. Much of this section is based on my article “Olympic-Sized Horror in Greece,” originally published in Common Dreams, August 16, 2004, http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0816-12.htm.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Mark Golden, Greek Sport and Social Status (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008), 135.
6. Ibid., 135.
7. Democracy Now!, “Crackdown on Homeless, Refugees and Prisoners in Athens,” August 10, 2004, http://www.democracynow.org/2004/8/10 /headlines#8107.
8. BBC News, “Greek Group ‘Behind Athens Bombs,’” May 13, 2004, http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3710371.stm.
9. Ibid.
10. John Clarke, “Olympics... The Other Greek Tragedy,” Forbes, February 15, 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/johnclarke/2012/02/15/olympics-the-other -greek-tragedy.
11. Some material in this section is drawn from Zirin, “The Ghosts of Olympics Past.”
12. Xinhua News, “IOC Chief: Beijing Olympics ‘Glorious Days’ to ‘Cherish Forever,’” August 24, 2008, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08 /24/content_9691378.htm.
13. Thomas Boswell, “They Made the Buses Run on Time,” Washington Post, August 25, 2008, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008 /08/24/AR2008082400603.html.
14. Mark Magnier, “Many Eyes Will Watch Visitors,” Los Angeles Times, August 7, 2008, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/07/world/fg-snoop7.
15. Human Rights Watch, “China: Hosting Olympics a Catalyst for Human Rights Abuses,” August 23, 2008, www.hrw.org/news/2008/08/21/china -hosting-olympics-catalyst-human-rights-abuses.
16. Ibid.
17. Some material in this section is drawn from Dave Zirin, “As Olympics Near, People in Vancouver Are Dreading Games,” Sports Illustrated, blog post, January 25, 2010, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers /dave_zirin/01/25/vancouver/index.html#ixzz2r4woHBJX; Dave Zirin, “The Vancouver Olympic Blues,” Edge of Sports, January 27, 2010, www .edgeofsports.com/2010-01-27-494; and Dave Zirin, “When Snow Melts: Vancouver’s Olympic Crackdown,” Nation, February 9, 2010, www.thenation .com/blog/when-snow-melts-vancouver%E2%80%99s-olympic-crackdown#.
18. Greg Bishop, “Vancouver’s Former Mayor Remains Face of the Games,” New York Times, January 1, 2010, www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/sports /olympics/31sullivan.html?pagewanted=all.
19. Doug Ward, “Support for Olympics on the Decline in B.C.: Poll,” Vancouver Sun, January 21, 2010.
20. CBC News, “U.S. Journalist Grilled at Canada Border Crossing,” November 26, 2009, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/u-s-journalist-grilled-at-canada-border-crossing-1.801755. See also Amy Goodman and Denis Moynihan’s book The Silenced Majority (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2012), 272–73.
21. Some material in this section is drawn from Dave Zirin, “‘At Least Under Apartheid’: South Africa on the Eve of the World Cup,” Huffington Post, June 10, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/dave-zirin/at-least-under-apartheid_b_607823.html, and Dave Zirin, “The South Africa World Cup: Invictus in Reverse,” Huffington Post, March 10, 2010, www .huffingtonpost.com/dave-zirin/the-south-africa-world-cu_b_493802.html.
22. Simon Kuper, “The World Cup Is No Economic Boon for South Africa,” Financial Times, November 28, 2009, www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0 /2911d7f6-dbbd-11de-9424-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1x7TYE4gb.
23. Oliver Harvey, “Homeless and Away,” Sun (London), April 19, 2010, www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/2936217/Tin-Can-Town -next-to-South-Africa-World-Cup-stadium.html.
24. David Smith, “Life in ‘Tin Can Town’ for the South Africans Evicted Ahead of World Cup,” Guardian, April 1, 2010, www.guardian.co.uk /world/2010/apr/01/south-africa-world-cup-blikkiesdorp.
25. Sapa, “Mpumalanga ANC Distances Itself from Hit List,” Politics Web, February 10, 2010, http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb /en/page71619?oid=159819&sn=Detail.
26. Government of South Africa, “National Flag,” government website, March 16, 2009, www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/flag.htm.
27. Daniel Bloom and Dave Zirin, “World Cup Hangover Hits South Africa,” Nation, September 14, 2010, www.thenation.com/article/154706/world -cup-hangover-hits-south-africa#.
28. Barry Bearak, “Cost of Stadium Reveals Tensions in South Africa,” New York Times, March 12, 2010.
29. Wikiquote, “Leymah Gbowee,” Junne 29, 2013, http://en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Leymah_Gbowee.
30. Kate Griffiths, “1.3 Million Public Workers Strike
to Confront South Africa’s Inequalities,” Labor Notes, September 8, 2010, http://labornotes.org/2010 /09/13-million-public-workers-strike-confront-south -africas-inequalities.
31. William Ernest Henley, “Invictus,” 1875. Available at the Poetry Foundation website: www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/182194.
32. Some material in this section is drawn from Jules Boykoff and Dave Zirin, “Protest Is Coming to the London Olympics,” Nation, May 21, 2012, www.thenation.com/blog/167979/protest-coming-london-olympics, and Dave Zirin, “‘Drones, Missiles and Gunships, Oh My!’ Welcome to the 2012 London Olympics,” Nation, May 14, 2012, www.thenation.com /blog/167874/drones-missiles-and-gunships-oh-my-welcome-2012 -london-olympics.
33. Ed Howker, “London 2012 Olympics: The Five Questions We Really Need Answered,” Guardian, May 7, 2012, www.theguardian.com /commentisfree/2012/may/07/london-2012-olympics-five-questions ?cat=commentisfree&type=article&view=mobile.
34. Stephen Graham, “Olympics 2012 Security: Welcome to Lockdown London,” Guardian, March 12, 2012, www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/mar /12/london-olympics-security-lockdown-london.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Greg McNeal, “London Olympics Security Focuses On Deterrence: Use Of Drones, Electric Fences, Missiles And More,” Forbes, July 23, 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/gregorymcneal/2012/07/23/london-olympics-security -focuses-on-deterrence-use-of-drones-electric-fences-missiles-and-more.
38. Graham, “Olympics 2012 Security.”
39. Michael Joseph Gross, “Jumping through Hoops,” Vanity Fair, June 2012, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/06/international-olympic-committee -london-summer-olympics.
40. Sandra Laville, “Olympics Welcome Does Not Extend to All in London as Police Flex Muscles,” Guardian, May 4, 2012, www.theguardian.com /uk/2012/may/04/olympics-welcome-london-police.
41. Reuters, “Final Cost of London 2012 Games Revealed,” October 23, 2012, http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/london-2012-final-cost-london-2012 -games-revealed-135956051.html.
42. Some material in this section is drawn from Dave Zirin, “Boycott Sochi?” Grantland, August 1, 2013, http://grantland.com/features/gay-rights -sochi-boycott-movement.
43. ESPN.com, “Putin Camp: Kraft’s Story ‘Weird,’” June 17, 2013, http://espn.go.com/boston/nfl/story/_/id/9392090/vladimir-putin-denies -stealing-new-england-patriots-owner-robert-kraft-super-bowl-ring.