Printing press: Brown, Story of Maps, 150–152; Gohm, Maps and Prints, 12–16.
early editions of Ptolemy: Brown, Story of Maps, 153–156; Shirley, Mapping of the World, 630; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 6–7.
altering Ptolemy’s maps: Fite and Freeman, Book of Old Maps, 1; Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 203–205.
Henricus Martellus: Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 229–232.
discovery of Waldseemüller map: Ibid., 12–17; Schwartz, Putting “America” on the Map, 143–167.
purchase of Waldseemüller map: Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 17–19; Schwartz, Putting “America” on the Map, 243–255; John R. Herbert, “The map that named America: library acquires 1507 Waldseemüller map of the world,” Library of Congress, Information Bulletin, September 2003, http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0309/maps.html; “Library of Congress and NIST build a case for Waldseemüller map display,” Library of Congress, Information Bulletin, January–February 2008, http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/08012/map.html.
Christopher Columbus: Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 236–270; Wilford, Mapmakers, 73–85.
Amerigo Vespucci: Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 302–323; Schwartz, Putting “America” on the Map, 109–123; Wilford, Mapmakers, 83–84.
“Everyone of both sexes goes about naked”: Schwartz, Putting “America” on the Map, 296.
“The women . . . not as revolting as one might think”: Ibid., 297.
“I have deemed it best . . . insatiable lust”: Ibid., 310.
Martin Waldseemüller map of the world: Lester, Fourth Part of the World, 327–370; Schwartz, Putting “America” on the Map, 27–49, 123–126.
“Within the memory of man”: Crane, Mercator, 36–37.
Low Countries: Ibid., 19–21; Taylor, World of Gerard Mercator, 39–47; Binding, Imagined Corners, 7–18; Ashley Baynton-Williams, interview with the author.
Gerard Mercator: Crane, Mercator; Taylor, World of Gerard Mercator; Binding, Imagined Corners, 94–102; Brown, Story of Maps, 158–160; Wilford, Mapmakers, 87–92.
Abraham Ortelius: Binding, Imagined Corners; Brown, Story of Maps, 160–165; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 29–30; Virga, Cartographia, 1–3; Wilford, Mapmakers, 103.
Gerard de Jode: Binding, Imagined Corners, 131; Brown, Story of Maps, 166; Burden, Mapping of North America, 104; Crane, Mercator, 246, 268; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 30–31.
published at least thirty: Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 30.
Cornelius de Jode: Burden, Mapping of North America, (81–82, Pl. 81), 104–106.
dozen or so copies of de Jode: Burden, Mapping of North America, 104.
Mercator’s Atlas, Hondius, and Jansson: Brown, Story of Maps, 164–168; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 31–35.
maps in Vermeer: Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 88; Jonathan Janson, “Vermeer’s Maps,” Essential Vermeer, http://www.essentialvermeer.com/maps/delft/maps_of_delft.html.
rival family of Willem Blaeu: Brown, Story of Maps, 168–173; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 33–34.
CHAPTER 4
R.V. Tooley: Tooley, Introduction to the History of Maps and Mapmaking, 7–8; Wallis and Tyacke, My Head Is a Map; Valerie G. Scott, “R. V. Tooley: the ‘Grand Old Man of Maps,’” Mercator’s World 4, no. 6 (November 1999): 12; Tony Campbell and Valerie Scott, interviews with the author.
“To hold an ancient atlas”: Scott, Mercator’s World.
“A collection of maps”: Smiley interview, Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, August 2011; Campbell interview.
“No dealer is really successful”: Tooley, Introduction to the History of Maps and Mapmaking, 8.
John Smith map of New England (1635): John Smith, “New England . . . 1614,” London, 1635, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel; Alex Krieger, interview with the author; Alex Krieger, e-mail to the author, December 2, 2013; Burden, Mapping of North America, (187), 226–228. (Through Krieger, Leventhal and his family declined requests for an interview.)
John Smith map of New England (1624): John Smith, “New England . . . 1614,” London, 1624, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel; Krieger interview; Krieger e-mail; Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 82–83; Map 4, “New England—The Most Remarquable Parts Thus Named by the High and Mighty Prince Charles, Prince of Great Britaine,” Mapping Boston website, http://www.mappingboston.com/html/map4-0.htm.
Wood map of New England (1634) : The copy in Leventhal’s collection is a reissue from 1639. Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 87; Map 7, “The South Part of New-England, as It Is Planted This Yeare, 1639,” Mapping Boston, http://www.mappingboston.org/html/map7-0.htm#full.
Blaeu map of New England (1635): Willem Janz Blaeu, “Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova,” Amsterdam, 1635, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel.
Jansson map of New England (1651): Jan Jansson, “Belgii Novi, Anglia Novae . . . ,” Amsterdam, 1651, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel; Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 89; Map 8, “Belgii Novi, Angliae Novae, et Partis Virginiae Novissima Delineatio,” Mapping Boston, http://www.mappingboston.org/html/map8-0.htm.
Speed map of New England (1676): John Speed, “A Map of New England and New York,” London, 1676, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel; Schwartz and Ehrenberg, Mapping of America, 113; “John Speed: A Map of New England and New York,” Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc., https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33489?view=print.
mapmaking began in France: Brown, Story of Maps, 241–255; Crone, Maps and Their Makers, 85–91; Tooley, Maps and Map-Makers, 38–45; Wilford, Mapmakers, 111–151.
“waggoners”: Brown, Story of Maps, 145–146.
“So completely did the Dutch”: E. Forbes Smiley III, “The Origins of the English Map Trade, 1670–1710,” AB Bookman’s Weekly, June 9, 1986, 2685–2694.
John Seller . . . John Thornton . . . Mount and Page: Smiley, “Origins”; Rodney Shirley, “The maritime atlases of Seller, Thornton, Mount & Page,” The Map Collector, no. 73 (December 1995); Ashley Baynton-Williams, “The Charting of New England,” Map Forum, http://www.mapforum.com/02/neweng.htm; Ashley Baynton-Williams, “John Seller, Sr.: the ‘Atlas Maritimus,’” Map Forum 6 (Summer 2005); New York Public Library, “In Thy Map Securely Saile”: Maps, Charts, Atlases, and Globes from the Lawrence H. Slaughter Collection, 1998; Baynton-Williams and Worms, British Map Engravers, 469–470, 595–598, 662–663; Baynton-Williams interview; Bricker and Tooley, Landmarks of Mapmaking, 134; Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, 39–40; Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 94–95.
“must have been a godsend”: Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, 39.
Seller map of New England (c. 1675): “John Seller. A Mapp / of New England” and “Morden & Berry. A Map of / New ENGLAND . . . [1676],” E. Forbes Smiley III, www.efsmaps.com (site discontinued; accessed through Internet Archive, www.archive.org); Smiley, “Origins”; Burden, Mapping of North America, (473, Pl. 473), 102–103; Goss, Mapping of North America, 96–97; Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 22, 24, 92; “John Seller,” wall text, Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel.
“first true map of New England”: Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 24.
Smiley got a bead . . . most historians didn’t: Smiley interview.
Mount and Page chart of Boston Harbor (1708): Smiley interview; “Anonymous, 1708,” Mercator Society, English Mapping of America, 1675–1715.
Lawrence Slaughter: Bill Dentzer, “Lawrence Havron Slaughter, computer system expert, dies,” June 4, 1998, unknown publication found in Lawrence H. Slaughter Collection (LHS) archives, New York Public Library; Nancy Kandoian, “The Lawrence H. Slaughter Map Collection: the cataloguer’s viewpoint,” Meridian, no. 13 (1998); Hudson interview; “LHS List,” New York Public Library Map Division, October 27, 2006, LHS archives.
October 12,
1985: Alice Hudson, memorandum to Mercator Society Committee, October 21, 1985, NYPL Map Division Archives; Scott Slater, interview with the author.
Smiley’s wedding: Slater interview; photographs shown by Scott Slater.
Mercator Society: “New York Public Library forms Mercator Society,” SLA Geography and Map Division Bulletin, no. 144 (June 1986); New York Public Library, Annual Report, 1986; Mercator Society Newsletter, June 1986, New York Public Library, Map Division Archives; “Mercator Society Income Report,” February 22, 1995, NYPL Map Division Archives; Hudson memo to Mercator Society Committee, October 21, 1985, NYPL Map Division Archives.
English Mapping of America: Mercator Society, English Mapping of America; “Libraries Celebrate Edmond Halley,” Mapline, no. 44, December 1986; “Letter from Alice Hudson,” Mercator Society News, January 1987, NYPL Map Division Archives; Alice Hudson, memorandum to Dick Newman et al., September 24, 1986, NYPL Map Division Archives.
Smiley donated $4,000: NYPL president Vartan Gregorian, letter to E. Forbes Smiley III, November 17, 1986, NYPL Map Division Archives; Alice Hudson, memorandum to Faye Simkin, October 26, 1986, NYPL Map Division Archives.
“apparently moved mountains”: “Woolridge/Thornton, c. 1702–1707,” Mercator Society, English Mapping of America.
“earliest navigable chart of Boston Harbor”: “Anonymous, 1708,” Mercator Society, English Mapping of America.
“considers the maintenance and enrichment”: Mercator Society, English Mapping of America.
new “gallery”: “E. Forbes Smiley III,” advertisement, The Map Collector (Spring 1987); author site visit, April 4, 2013.
Matthew Clark: Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 53–54.
Bill Reese: Barbara Mundy, “Object Lesson: Descendants of the Aztecs,” Yale Alumni Magazine, July–August 2013.
Franklin Institute auction: Bill Reese, interview with the author; Lita Solis-Cohen, “Franklin Institute’s rare books,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 12, 1986; Stephan Salisbury, “The sale of the stacks: the Franklin Institute is selling or giving away most of its library,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 16, 1986.
“Hello, this is Forbes Smiley” . . . nothing to do with him again: Reese interview; Smiley interview.
CHAPTER 5
W. Graham Arader III: Deborah Randolph, “A rare map dealer stirs some turmoil in a very small world,” The Wall Street Journal, January 3, 1980; “Vallijeanne Hartrampf weds W.G. Arader 3rd,” The New York Times, June 6, 1983; Mark Singer, “Profiles: wall power,” The New Yorker, November 30, 1987; Phil Patton, “‘Arader is up again!’ and his galleries are in full bloom,” Smithsonian, December 1, 1989; Sarah Vowell, “Futures market,” This American Life, National Public Radio, December 12, 1997, transcript, http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/86/transcript.
“then there was Graham Arader”: Singer, “Profiles.”
“best in the world at what I do”: “Dealer in rare maps covers a lot of ground,” Associated Press, March 9, 1979.
“Muhammad Ali of the map world”: Randolph, “A rare map dealer.”
“His most overriding concern”: Singer, “Profiles.”
“sees competitors as adversaries”: Ibid.
boomlet in the bird and animal prints: Peter Carlsen, “Affordable bits of botany can warm up rooms,” Chicago Tribune, February 5, 1989; Marilyn Hoffman, “A boom year ahead for antiques,” Christian Science Monitor, January 22, 1998; Anne Gilbert, “It takes eagle eye to spot valuable bird, plant prints,” Miami Herald, June 4, 1989.
selling their clients on maps: Jane Margolies, “Maps that aren’t for getting somewhere,” The New York Times, March 29, 1990; Frank D. Roylance, “Big money is said to spur mutilations of rare books,” The Baltimore Sun, December 15, 1995; Doris Athineos, “Windows of the world,” Forbes, January 1, 1996.
Place des Antiquaires: Joseph Giovanni, “International antiques center opens its doors with a gala,” The New York Times, November 19, 1987; Rita Reif, “Antiques center still expanding as new dealers move into shops,” The New York Times, October 14, 1988.
one of the few American vendors: “E. Forbes Smiley III,” advertisement, The Map Collector (Winter 1987).
Smiley published a list: “Collector’s Barometer,” The Map Collector (Autumn 1987).
took out a full-page ad: “E. Forbes Smiley III,” advertisement, House & Garden, March 1988.
“Maps have a history”: Laurie Schechter, “Maps—graphic alternatives with a worldview,” House & Garden, June 1988.
“He’d talk about the beauty of the design”: Anonymous, interview with the author.
“He was a wonderful salesman”: Paul Cohen, interview with the author.
watched him steal away one client: Graham Arader, interview with the author. (MacLean declined requests for an interview.)
Harry Newman: Harry Newman, interview with the author.
“let me sell you a few things”: Ibid.
acquired a rare “proof state”: “E. Forbes Smiley III,” advertisement, The Map Collector (Autumn 1987); Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, 22, 24, 92; Burden, Mapping of North America, (473, pl. 473), 102–103; John Seller, “A Mapp of New England,” Norman B. Leventhal Collection, Boston Harbor Hotel; Alex Krieger, e-mail to the author, December 2, 2013.
wouldn’t have anything left . . . new plan: Krieger and Cobb, Mapping Boston, viii.
Ruysch map of world (1507): Fite and Freeman, Book of Old Maps, 29; Smiley, Early Cartography (1); Virga, Cartographia, 173–176.
Larry Slaughter: Smiley interview; Judith Doolin Spikes, “Larchmont man leaves legacy of maps, atlases to NYC library,” Daily Times (New Rochelle), September 20, 1997.
Andrew Ellicott: Tooley, Mapping of America, 216; Schwartz and Ehrenberg, Mapping of America, 212; Schwartz, This Land Is Your Land, 163; Ian McKay, “Bids and pieces,” Mercator’s World (September 1999); “Samuel Hill / Massachusetts Magazine: Plan of the City of Washington [Second Printed Plan of Washington],” Barry Ruderman Antique Maps Inc., http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/23342?view=print; Ashley Baynton-Williams, “Plans of Washington, DC,” Map Forum, http://www.mapforum.com/12/12washb.htm; Donald Heald, “Ellicott, Andrew (1754–1820) and Pierre Charles L’Enfant (1754–1825), Plan of the City of Washington,” Donald A. Heald Rare Books, Prints, and Maps, http://www.donaldheald.com/maps/North%20America/maps_list_01.php?cat=North%20America&pg=13; Jed Graham, “Architect of a capital idea,” July 21, 2006, Arlington National Cemetery, http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/l-enfant.htm.
Smiley originally acquired versions: “LHS List,” New York Public Library Map Division, October 27, 2006, LHS Archives; Krieger interview.
appearances began to matter more: Newman and Cohen interviews; Scott Slater, Paul Statt, Fred Melamed, Scott Haas, Paul Cohen, and Harry Newman, interviews with the author.
flipping through a real estate circular . . . $89,000: Slater interview.
Smiley flew up . . . elements in check: Statt interview.
$50,000 . . . “Forbes dollars”: Slater interview.
warrants for two years of back taxes: New York state tax warrant, $4,578.93, issued May 18, 1988, satisfied April 7, 1989; New York state tax warrant, $3,844.88, issued May 18, 1988, satisfied April 7, 1989.
in one instance . . . Newman forgave him: Newman interview.
other dealers, like Reese, stopped: Reese interview.
not the natural scholar: Singer, “Profiles.”
unravel a complicated web: E. Forbes Smiley III, “The Origins of the English Map Trade, 1670–1710,” AB Bookman’s Weekly, June 9, 1986, 2685–2694.
Ogilby map of Carolina (1673): Smiley, “Origins”; Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, 3; Goss, Mapping of North America, 90–91.
Holme map of Pennsylvania (1671): Smiley, “Origins”; Burden, Mapping of North America, (557, Pl. 557)
214–215, 218; Smiley, Early Cartography (28); “The Quaker Province,” Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/overview_of_pennsylvania_history/4281/1681-1776__the_quaker_province/478727.
“These, then, were the men”: Smiley, “Origins.”
action in North America had shifted inland . . . England and France: Schwartz and Ehrenberg, Mapping of America, 133–162; Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 13–24, 114–125, 134–141, 152–175.
Moll “Beaver Map” (1715): Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 114–117; Baynton-Williams and Baynton-Williams, New Worlds, 132; Reinhartz, Art of the Map, xiv–xxi, 14–15.
De L’Isle map of Louisiane (1718): Pritchard and Taliafarro, Degrees of Latitude, 118–121; Goss, Mapping of North America, 114–115; Fite and Freeman, Book of Old Maps, 176–177.
Moll map of North America (1720): Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 123–125; Goss, Mapping of North America, 118–119; Smiley, Early Cartography (43, 44).
Popple map of North America (1733): Goss, Mapping of North America, 122–123; Smiley, Early Cartography (45).
John Mitchell map of North America (1755): Goss, Mapping of North America, 130–131; Smiley, Early Cartography (50); Fite and Freeman, Book of Old Maps, 180–184.
Lewis Evans map of North America (1755): Goss, Mapping of North America, 128–129; Smiley, “Survey of American Cartography,” AB Bookman’s Weekly, March 18, 1985; Schwartz, French and Indian War, 72.
“greatest effort of American cartography”: Smiley, “Survey.”
French and Indian War: Schwartz, French and Indian War; Schwartz and Ehrenberg, Mapping of America, 162–166; Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 24–27.
Thomas Jefferys: Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 28, Baynton-Williams and Worms, Dictionary of English Map Engravers, 347–351, Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, 45–47.
The Map Thief Page 32