The Great Shame

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The Great Shame Page 90

by Keneally, Thomas

SOB’s letter on joining Repeal: N, 28 October 1843.

  Lady O’Brien to SOB over joining Repeal: 24 October 1843, O’Brien Papers, MS 443, NLI.

  SOB and Repeal: O’Connell sources, Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, and O’Brien, Grania, as above; Adam-Smith, as above.

  TFM’s speeches and opinions: Meagher, Thomas Francis, Brevet Major-General, United States Army, Speeches on the Legislative Independence of Ireland, New York, 1870; Griffith, Arthur (ed.), Meagher of the Sword, Dublin, 1916; Lyons, W. F., Brigadier General Thomas Francis Meagher, New York, 1870; Athearn, Robert G., Thomas Francis Meagher: An Irish Revolutionary in America, Boulder, CO, 1949.

  Young TFM’s confession of dandyism: Duffy, as above.

  Origins of term ‘Young Ireland,’ and subsequent Young Ireland material: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, Doheny, Duffy, as above.

  ‘Letters of a Protestant on Repeal’: N, 15 and 22 June 1844.

  Mitchel’s youth, John Martin, and subsequent Mitchel material unless otherwise noted: McCall, as above; Dillon, William, Life of John Mitchel, Volume 1, London, 1888; Sillard, P. A., The Life of John Mitchel, Dublin, 1908.

  ‘The Anti-Protestant Catholics’: N, 27 May 1843.

  Repeal meeting over colleges: usual sources, YI; Doheny, as above.

  ’82 Club: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, Doheny, Duffy, as above.

  SOB on ’82 Club uniform: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Mitchel meets TFM: Irish Citizen, 2 November 1867. For first meeting, Smyth, as above.

  Shields bears Larkin a child: Baptismal Records, St Peter and St Paul’s Cathedral, Goulburn, 22 August 1844.

  Brodribb’s marriage: Brodribb; ADB, Volume 3.

  8 A FOND FAREWELL TO THE WHITE POTATOES

  Chapter heading: Béaloideas, Irish Folklore Commission, quoted in O Gráda, Cormac, ‘The Great Famine in Folk Memory and in Song,’ unpublished at time of writing and kindly provided by author.

  Courtship and death of Davis: Molony, Pearl, Duffy, as above.

  Mitchel on railways and their destruction: N, 22 November 1845.

  Onset of blight and subsequent Famine material unless otherwise noted: Mokyr, Why Ireland Starved, and O Gráda, Ireland Before and After the Famine, as above; Edwards, R. Dudley and Williams, T. Desmond (eds), The Great Famine: Studies in Irish History, 1845–52, Dublin, 1956; Smith, Woodham-, as above; O’Rourke, Canon John, The Great Irish Famine, Dublin, 1989; Kinealy, as above; Póirtéir, Cathal (ed.), The Great Irish Famine, Dublin, 1995; Daly, Mary E., The Famine in Ireland, Dublin, 1986.

  Peasant reaction to rotting potatoes, East Galway: Póirtéir, Famine Echoes, as above; Béaloideas, quoted in O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Liberator expresses concern to SOB: MacDonagh, as above.

  Benthamite Utilitarianism: Kinealy, as above.

  Malthus on Ireland: Mokyr, as above.

  Trevelyan on Irish: Trevelyan, Charles, The Irish Crisis, London, 1848.

  Connubiality figures: Mokyr, as above.

  Attitude to Indian corn, and names: As well as standard sources, Póirtéir, Famine Echoes, as above.

  No grounds for apprehension: Galway Mercury, 20 September 1845.

  Irish names of Famine: O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Survey of five townlands in Longford barony: Relief Commission Papers, 1, 2/441/16, NAI.

  Ballinasloe area: Egan, Patrick K., The Parish of Ballinasloe, Galway, 1994.

  Visitor to Ballinasloe: Nicholson, Asenath, Ireland’s Welcome to a Stranger, London, 1847.

  Attributing Famine to census: O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Famine fevers, cause and impact: MacArthur, Sir William P., ‘Medical History of the Famine,’ in Edwards and Williams, as above.

  T. Harrison, Ballinasloe Dispensary, and Loughrea Dispensary: BPP, Volume XXXVII, 1846.

  Ballinasloe workhouse fever wards: O’Connor, as above.

  Prophecy of worse things: N, 11 April 1846.

  SOB’s view of Famine: MacDonagh, and SOB, To Solitude Consigned, as above.

  SOB’s parliamentary imprisonment: ILN, 9 May 1846; TL, 8 May 1846.

  East Galway evictions: Freeman’s Journal, 9 April 1846; ILN, 4 April 1846.

  SOB disappointed by Repeal: CGD, as above.

  YI’s visit to O’Connell and SOB: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above; Thomas Francis Meagher Reminiscences, J. M. (John Martin), Weekly Times, Dublin, 16 November 1867.

  Whig alliance: CGD, Doheny, MacDonagh, as above; Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  CGD’s view of the emergent TFM: CGD, as above.

  This and later speeches, TFM, unless otherwise noted: Meagher, Brevet Major-General, Speeches on Legislative Independence, as above; Griffith, as above.

  Mitchel on Famine: N article, reproduced in Mitchel, John, History of Ireland from the Treaty of Limerick to the Present Time, Volume II, Dublin, n.d.

  O’Connell and his tenants: MacDonagh, as above.

  O’Briens and their tenants: O’Brien, Grania, as above, based on Distress Papers, NAI, and O’Brien Papers, NLI; Smith, Woodham-, as above.

  Lord Monteagle: Smith, Woodham-, as above; O’Mahony, Christopher and Thompson, Valerie, Poverty to Promise: The Monteagle Emigrants, 1838–58, Sydney, 1994.

  Trial, and all subsequent trials of CGD: Duffy, Pearl, as above; Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Crisis in Repeal, and subsequent O’Connell material unless otherwise noted: MacDonagh, CGD, as above; Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Speranza on TFM: N, 8 August 1846.

  Impact of Davis’s death on Speranza: Yeats, William Butler, quoted in Thomas Davis Centenary Address, Oxford, 1947.

  Speranza’s life and career: Ellmann, Richard, Oscar Wilde, London, 1987; Pearson, Hesketh, The Life of Oscar Wilde, London, 1954.

  ‘Liberty’s torch …’: Speranza, It Was the Lark, N, 25 April 1846.

  Poems and career of Eva: Patrick, Ross and Patrick, Heather, Exiles Undaunted: The Irish Rebels Kevin and Eva O’Doherty, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 1989.

  Eva on TFM: N, 22 August 1846.

  Killimor Relief Committee: Plea from Killimor Relief Union, Relief Commission Papers, 3/2, Galway, 2/441/43, NAI.

  Conditions in East Galway: Egan, as above.

  Outrages, Eyre, Lawrence: Outrage Papers (Galway), 1398, 1846 and 1466, 1847, NAI.

  9 A THOUSAND FAREWELLS TO YOU, ISLAND OF ST PATRICK

  Chapter heading: Quoted in O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  ‘Weary men, what reap ye?’: Speranza, N, 23 January 1847.

  Mitchel on visit to village family: N, 16 January 1847.

  Dr Donovan on Taureen: Cork Southern Reporter, 23 January 1847.

  People’s hunt for food sources: Póirtéir, Famine Echoes, as above.

  Further Famine diseases and practices adopted to contain them: MacArthur, in Edwards and Williams, as above.

  Thomas Burke to sister: Fitzpatrick, David, ‘Flight from Famine,’ in Póirtéir, The Great Irish Famine, as above.

  Death rate and workhouses: O’Connor, as above.

  People bear ‘worst privations’ rather than accept relief: BPP, Volume XXXVII, 1846.

  O King of Glory …’: ‘Song of the Black Potatoes,’ O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Gregory clause: Kinealy, Smith, Woodham-, as above.

  ‘young crows …’: As for ‘O King of Glory ….’

  Food sources: Póirtéir, Famine Echoes, as above.

  Closing of depots and founding of relief committees, and all subsequent issues: Standard Famine sources, as above, unless otherwise stated.

  Maria Edgeworth: Standard Famine sources, as above.

  Soup kitchen described by Mitchel: McCall, as above.

  Lord Clancarty on outdoor relief: BPP, Volume XV, 1849.

  Soup riot in Ballinasloe: Outrage Papers (Galway), 1466, 1847, NAI.

  British Association: Stand
ard sources, as above; Report of the British Association for the Relief of Extreme Distress in Ireland and Scotland, London, 1849.

  Cummins visiting Skibbereen: TL, 24 December 1846.

  Trevelyan warns Association: Standard sources, as above.

  Queen Victoria’s contribution: British Association, Report, as above.

  James Mahony on West Cork: ILN, 13 and 20 February 1847.

  American contribution: Smith, Woodham-, as above.

  Kevin Izod O’Doherty: Patrick and Patrick, as above.

  Cry for reform with Jesus’s help: O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Potato blight from Atlantic to Caspian: CGD, as above.

  Confederation and other YI developments: Doheny, CGD, Davis, as above.

  O’Connell’s last Commons speech: Standard O’Connell sources; Hansard, 8 February 1847, Volume LXXXIX.

  Emigration: Davis, Graham, Irish in Britain, as above; Houston and Smyth, Miller, as above; Mackay, Donald, Flight from Famine: The Coming of the Irish to Canada, Toronto, 1990; Gallagher, Thomas, Paddy’s Lament: Ireland 1846–7, New York, 1982; Whyte, Robert, Famine Ship Diary (originally, The Ocean Plague), ed. James Managan, Dublin, 1994.

  Emigrant and hurley stick: O Gráda, ‘The Great Famine,’ as above.

  Chances for pilferage, East Galway: Outrage Papers (Galway), 1398, 1846 and 1466, 1847, NAI.

  Arrival, Famine emigrants, River Mersey: ILN, 15 March 1847.

  Engels on Irish in England: Kinealy, as above.

  Board of Commissioners of Emigration, New York: Bayor, Ronald H. and Meagher, Timothy J. (eds), The New York Irish, Baltimore, MD, 1996.

  Castle Garden: Standard sources, as above; Ernst, Robert, Immigrant Life in New York City, 1825–1863, Syracuse, NY, 1994.

  Landing fever patients: Keegan, Gerald, Famine Diary—Journey to a New World, Dublin, 1991.

  Grosse Île, summer 1847: Standard sources, as above; Whyte, Keegan, as above; Jordan, J. A., The Grosse-Isle Tragedy and the Monument to the Irish Famine Victims, 1847, Quebec, 1909.

  Voyage of Ajax: Whyte, as above.

  Partridge Island: Standard sources, Jordan, as above.

  Irish at St Catherine’s: Whyte, as above.

  Nation advises emigrants: N, 8 January 1847.

  Birth and death of Larkin-Shields daughter: O Lorcáin, as above.

  Irish convict marriage, New South Wales style: Therry, as above.

  Marriage of Larkin and Shields: Marriage Register, St Peter and St Paul’s Cathedral, Goulburn, 24 December 1848 (2197, Vol. 65), 16 March 1848.

  Governor FitzRoy: ADB, Volume I.

  Hugh’s conditional pardon: 4/4459, reel 788, 48/1224, 1 June 1848, AONSW.

  Land Deed, Cowper Street: Land Deeds, 48/11967, 25 October 1848, Land Title Office, NSW.

  Birth of Anne Larkin: Baptismal Register, St Peter and St Paul’s Cathedral, Goulburn, 24 December 1848 (2197, Vol. 65), in O Lorcáin, as above.

  Brodribb family tragedy: Brodribb, as above.

  Bradley’s loss: ADB, Volume 3.

  Warrant to pay Hugh: 4/4548, reel 597, March 1849, AONSW.

  Hugh’s bank account: 2/8391, reel 58, copied from PRO, AONSW.

  Land Deed, Grafton Street: Land Deeds, 49/3963, 18 April 1849.

  Sydney Morning Herald celebrates political liberties of New South Wales: SMH, 26 July 1848.

  Anti-transportation successes: Hirst, as above; Pearl, Cyril, Brilliant Dan Deniehy, Melbourne, 1972.

  10 FIASCO AND NOBLE GESTURE: THE REBELLION OF YOUNG IRELAND

  Chapter heading: TFM, N, 15 February 1851.

  YI developments and movements, and subsequent movements and developments unless otherwise noted: CGD, Doheny, Pearl, as above; Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Emergence of Lalor: CGD, Doheny, Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Mitchel’s expectations of peasants’ fighting power: CGD, as above.

  Affection of family for Mitchel: Dillon, Volumes 1 and 2, as above.

  United Irishman: Dillon, and standard Mitchel and CGD sources, as above.

  Mitchel’s ‘Letters to Ulster Protestants’: Reproduced as Mitchel, John, An Ulster Man for Ireland, Dublin, 1917.

  CGD’s excitement over French revolution: N, 14 March 1848.

  Lord Clarendon calls on ‘striplings’: CGD, as above.

  Chartist march: Davis, Graham, as above.

  Mitchel on his trial: Mitchel, John, Jail Journal, as above.

  Eva’s ‘For one …’: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Mitchel, on ‘pauper appetite’: N, quoted in McCall, as above.

  Martin’s view of Mitchel’s transportation: Irish Felon, 24 June 1848.

  Felon quotes Castlebar Telegraph: Irish Felon, 1 July 1848.

  ‘Alea Jacta Est’ and ‘Silken Thomas’: 15 July 1848. (Verse begins: ‘The banners wave …’)

  Dublin press on TFM and SOB: Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Arrest of TFM and Doheny: CGD, Doheny, as above.

  Slievenamon meeting: Doheny, as above; Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above; Tipperary Vindicator, 22 July 1848.

  TFM departs Waterford, goes to Dublin: N, 8 February 1851.

  Balfe: Petrow, Stefan, ‘Judas in Tasmania,’ from Davis, Richard, et al. (eds), Irish-Australian Studies, Papers Delivered at the Irish-Australian Conference, Hobart, 1995.

  TFM’s movements on hearing of suspension of Habeas Corpus, and journey with Dillon: N, 15 February 1851.

  Finding SOB, and TFM’s argument for move to Kilkenny: N, 22 February 1851.

  Movements of YI rebels: As well as standard sources, especially Doheny, CGD, as above; Adam-Smith, as above.

  O’Donohoe’s adventures, SOB’s call for respect for property: O’Donohoe manuscript, ‘The Rising of 1848,’ MS 770, NLI.

  MacManus: CGD, Doheny, as above.

  Cavalry permitted to pass, quotation: O’Donohoe MS, as above.

  YI’s further movements and conferences: Standard YI sources, as above; TFM, N, 1 March 1851.

  MacManus: CGD, as above.

  Account of battle: Usual sources; ILN, 5 August 1848.

  Father Fitzgerald’s version of Ballingarry: Fitzgerald, Reverend P., Personal Recollections of the Insurrection of Ballingarry, Dublin, 1861.

  The military encampments at Ballingarry: TL, 5 August 1848.

  O’Gorman’s adventures: Doheny, as above.

  McGee’s adventures: N, 15 March 1851.

  11 YOUNG IRELAND ON TRIAL

  Chapter heading: Grace O’Brien to Anne Martineau, O’Brien, Grania, as above.

  Mitchel in Bermuda: Mitchel, Jail Journal, as above; Shaw, as above.

  TFM, O’Donohoe, Doheny on run: Doheny, as above.

  Robert O’Brien’s admiration for his brother’s nobility: O’Brien, Grania, as above.

  Duffy and O’Doherty trials: Doheny, CGD, as above.

  ‘Our Harvest Prospects’: Irish Tribune, 8 July 1848.

  Eva and O’Doherty: Patrick and Patrick, as above. See also Eva O’Doherty’s notes, OM-71, John Oxley Library, Brisbane.

  Martin’s trial: Doheny, CGD, as above.

  Sir Lucius following SOB’s arrest: O’Brien, Grania, as above.

  Reproach of Smith O’Brien: Examples from this book include letters from Lucius and Lady O’Brien to SOB in MS 443, NLI, and Thomas Chisholm Anstey to SOB: 4 April 1850, MS 443, NLI, copied to NS553/1, TSA. (This letter also had the further motivation of urging SOB to take a ticket-of-leave.) Similar sentiments expressed by Fitzgerald, as above. Of the not so gentle variety: TL, 30 August 1848.

  The O’Brien family following O’Brien’s arrest and during trial: From O’Brien Papers, NLI, quoted in O’Brien, Grania, Adam-Smith, as above.

  Visit to TFM’s cell: Lyons, as above.

  Charges and trial: Doheny, CGD, as above; ILN, 7 October, 14 October 1848.

  Grace to Anne Martineau: O’Brien Papers, NLI, Adam-Smith, as above.

  Briskness of O�
��Brien’s trial: TL, 2 October 1848.

  Form of sentence for high treason: Mitchel, History of Ireland, Volume II.

  Grief of women at O’Brien’s sentence: ILN, 14 October 1848.

  Robert O’Brien’s opinion of verdict and his brother’s mind: O’Brien Papers, NLI, quoted in O’Brien, Grania, as above.

  Trial of MacManus and O’Donohoe: Standard YI sources.

  Report on TFM: TL, 18 October 1848, quoting from Cork Examiner.

  Women at TFM’s trial: TL, 20 October 1848.

  Old policeman as witness, and subsequent details: N, 22 February 1851.

  TFM’s speech from the dock: CGD, Lyons, Griffith, as above.

  Other prisoners greet condemned Meagher: O’Donohoe, N, 15 December 1850.

  CGD and O’Doherty plan escape: CGD, as above.

  Warder on SOB’s death sentence: Warder, 14 October 1848, quoted in Davis, Richard, Young Ireland, as above.

  Lady O’Brien’s Political Duty: MS 2655, NLI.

  Dr O’Hanlon to SOB: 5 January 1849, O’Brien Papers, MS 443, NLI.

  SOB invokes Thermopylae: SOB, To Solitude Consigned, as above, hereafter cited as SOB, Journal, and also found at MS 3923, NLI.

  Michael Shaughnessy and child convicts: Smith, Woodham-, as above.

  Arrival of child convicts, VDL: Indents and Papers of ships sent to Van Diemen’s Land, D12, Mitchel Library.

  Revival of blight, 1848, and increased suffering, East Galway: Egan, as above; BPP, Volume XLVIII, 1849; Poor Law Commissioners, Second Report, London, 1849.

  Ireland’s ingratitude: TL, 30 August 1848.

  Turnip stealing: Póirtéir, Famine Echoes, as above.

  Esther’s resources of food: As for previous note; Póirtéir, Great Irish Famine, as above.

  British Association and Strzelecki: Heney, as above; Captain Mann, Report of the British Association, as above.

  12 SHIPPING YOUNG IRELAND

  Chapter heading: TFM, N, 27 July 1850.

  Denison, his orders and relations with State prisoners: Denison, Sir William, Varieties of Vice-Regal Life, London, 1870.

  TFM to Doheny: Lyons, as above.

  SOB to Anne Martineau: O’Brien Papers, MS 443, NLI.

  Costs of trial: As for previous note.

  Life led by prisoners: CGD, as above.

 

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