106 “protect and… stocks”: Y. C. Wang, “Du Yueh-Sheng (1888–1951): A Tentative Political Biography.” Journal of Asian Studies 26, no. 3 (May 1967), p. 435.
106 “Imagine that… breast”: Eastern Web Service, “Tales of Old Shanghai—Opium,” www.talesofoldchina.com/shanghai/business/t-opium.htm.
107 “a gaunt… claws”: Sues, pp. 89–90.
107 “an amazing… War”: Columbia University Library, COHO: interviews with George Sokolsky by C. Martin Wilbur, 1962, p. 26.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
108 “If we… ago”: Shi, Soong May-Ling and China, p. 95.
108 Mother said… undergoing”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, September 20, 1918.
108 “I felt… pay”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 21, 1918.
109 “a whopping… fun”: Ibid., MS to EM, October 29, 1918.
109 “The streets… you?”: Ibid., MS to EM, November 14, 1918.
110 “In former… sold”: Cameron, pp. 66–67.
110 “I go… interviews”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, December 7, 1918.
111 “women lose… children?”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 9, 1919.
111 “you are… well”: Ibid., MS to EM, May 15, 1919.
111 “idea of… advice”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 15, 1919.
111 “I am… around”: Ibid., MS to EM, June 5, 1919.
111 “I think… are”: Ibid., MS to EM, July 9, 1919.
112 “The town… something”: Ibid., MS to EM, July 24, 1919.
113 “many hundreds… factories”: Ibid., MS to EM, June 29, 1919.
113 “had the… honorable”: Ibid., MS to EM, undated.
113 “all my… daughter”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 18, 1919.
113 “a great… whole”: Indiana University, Lilly Library, Manuscripts Department, Emily Hahn papers, response to questions, May-ling to Hahn, undated.
113 “Sometimes I… scatter-brain”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, September 29, 1919.
113 “ecstatic mood”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 10, 1921.
114 “become so… engagements”: “What to Do with Capote, Frost, and Kissinger?” The Boston Globe, December 31, 2005.
114 “terribly strict”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, March 21, 1920.
114 “I am… you!”: Ibid., MS to EM, July 6, 1921.
114 “as irritable… dear”: Ibid., MS to EM, February 11, 1920.
115 “he [T.V.]… it”: George E. Sokolsky, “The Soongs of China,” The Atlantic Monthly, February 1937, pp. 185–86.
115 “I had… off”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, February 11, 1920.
115 “a thing… family”: Ibid., MS to EM, October 11, 1920.
115 “not nearly… callers”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 21, 1921.
116 “I think… America”: Ibid., MS to EM, April 28, 1921.
116 “literally dragged… all”: Ibid., MS to EM, May 25, 1921.
117 “I know… flavor”: Ibid., MS to EM, July 6, 1921.
119 “Of course… month”: WCA: Mills papers, Emma Mills diary, January 26, 1922.
119 “she never… myself”: DeLong, pp. 47–54.
120 “magnetic pull… inconsequential”: Ibid., p. 64.
CHAPTER TWELVE
121 “We are… meat”: Sun Yat-sen, The Three Principles of the People, p. 6.
121 “Dr. Sun… Russia”: Spence, The Search for Modern China, p. 335.
122 “The real… Russia”: Fletcher S. Brockman, “Foreign Control at Peking Means War, Says Sun Yat-sen,” The New York Times, July 22, 1923.
122 “the European… wait”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 131–35.
123 “The realization… begun”: Jacobs, p. 8.
123 “No foreigner… action”: Sokolsky, p. 35.
123 “He made… next”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 38.
124 “You cannot… respected”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 136–37.
125 “because we… Kuomintang”: Chiang Kai-shek, Soviet Russia in China, p. 27.
126 “to proceed… man”: Jacobs, pp. 132–33.
126 “The military… delay”: Payne, p. 100.
126 “Because of… nucleus”: Crozier, p. 71.
126 “You must… home”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 143.
127 “a very… commander”: Ibid., p. 155.
127 “which seemed… mask”: Tuchman, p. 117.
127 “Stop!” Chiang… death”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 155–56.
127 “Each Sunday… forget”: Han Suyin, Destination Chungking, p. 30.
128 “The aim… changed”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 141–42.
128 “an intellectual… background”: Kai-yu Hsu, p. 2.
129 “Kwangtung [Canton’s… soon”: Ibid., pp. 146–49.
130 “Protector of Canton”: Fenby, p. 85.
130 “not sure”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 151.
131 “The doctor… afraid”: DeLong, p. 68.
131 “We felt… sister”: Soong Mei-ling to Liao Cheng-zhi, August 17, 1982, http://bbs.chinanews.com.cn/thread-155863-1-1.html.
131 “one day… will”: Columbia University Library, COHO, H. H. Kung, “The Reminiscences of K’ung Hsiang-hsi,” as told to Julie Lien-ying How, February 10–June 10, 1948, p. 58.
131 “Revolutionary Saint”: Elizabeth Luce Moore, “China’s Soong,” Fortune, June 1933, p. 112.
132 “No one… Kuomintang”: Sokolsky, p. 38.
132 “Sun Yat-sen… alive”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, Box 13, Folder 5, no. 2770, draft for book, chapter 1, p. 11.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
133 “If I… leadership”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 155.
133 “stood at… ladder”: Ibid., p. 157.
133 “humbler of… hearts”: Fenby, p. 80.
133 “brilliant and erratic”: Payne, p. 105.
133 “dapper to… dandy”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 89.
133 “make Canton… revolution”: Ibid., p. 148.
134 “The defeat… years!”: Ibid., pp. 161–64.
135 “one could… other”: “Canton Growing Redder,” The North-China Herald, November 28, 1925.
135 called “incidents”… us”: Crozier, pp. 78–79.
136 “imperious commands… ambition”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 164–77.
136 “every move… self-aggrandizement”: “Chiang Kai-shek of Canton,” The North-China Herald, July 10, 1926.
136 “The past… rendered”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 177.
137 “inspection”: Ibid., p. 181.
137 “an enormous crowd”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 51.
138 “Dearest Dada… be”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, January 22, 1926.
138 “Madame Sun… there”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 4, January 17, 1926.
140 “Though these… inside”: Hsiung, pp. 246–47.
140 “told to… hands”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 201.
141 “the purpose… people”: Chiang, Soviet Russia in China, p. 43.
141 “a momentous… China”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 1.
142 “We paid… rifles”: Jacobs, p. 212.
142 “I expect… propaganda”: Tuchman, p. 120.
142 “The revolutionary… independence”: Payne, p. 117.
143 “he conquered… political”: “The Army of the Republic of China,” Fortune, September 1941, p. 47.
143 “China has… victories”: Lewis P. Gannett, “New Strong Man Holds Half of China,” The New York Times, November 14, 1926.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
144 “General Chiang… army”: The North-China Herald, 1926.
144 “Very soon… country”: Payne, p. 117.
144 “the Chicago… China”: Rand, p. 26.
145 “very conservative… penetrated”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 229.
145 “a morose nonentity”: Han Suyin, A Mortal Flower, p. 73.
145 “mouthpiece”: H. H. Brayton Ba
rff, “Eugene Chen: China’s Scorching Tongue,” The New York Times, April 10, 1927.
145 “a small… gesture”: Sheean, Personal History, p. 205.
145 “as if… carnival”: Barff, “Eugene Chen.”
146 “to a… movement”: Jacobs, pp. 226–31.
147 “the divergencies… Kuomintang”: Madame Chiang, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 5.
147 “outwardly congenial… thinking”: Ibid., p. 65.
147 “undoubtedly the… abroad”: FBI files, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “Eroded Spirit and the Result of Fragmented Policy” (address given at Drake University), April 6, 1959, not numbered. Material furnished to the author by the Department of Justice in response to Freedom of Information Act inquiry.
147 “he kept… means”: Madame Chiang, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 89.
147 “must find… America”: Ibid., p. 24.
147 “As I… magnetism”: Ibid., pp. 6–9.
148 “He was… dedication”: Ibid., p. 68.
148 “delighted” servant… Mayling”: Hahn, Chiang Kai-shek, p. 87.
149 “These people… China”: Dong, pp. 175–76.
149 “The coolie… spoils”: Sheean, p. 200.
150 “On March… Forces”: Chiang, Soviet Russia in China, pp. 46–47.
150 “apparently a… suffered”: Tuchman, p. 133.
151 “Nanking outrage… foreigners”: The North-China Herald, April 23, 1927.
151 “a little… necessary”: Columbia University Library, COHO, interviews with George Sokolsky by Professor C. Martin Wilbur, 1962, p. 4.
151 “The revolution… return”: Tuchman, pp. 132–33.
151 “frantically sought… Kuomintang”: Coble, p. 28.
151 “In late… force”: Han Suyin, A Mortal Flower, p. 71. (Note: Du is spelled Dou in the original quote.)
152 “And so… left”: Dong, p. 183.
152 “Simultaneously,” The… roll”: Isaacs, p. 175.
152 “fed alive… locomotives”: Dong, p. 184.
152 “Her intestines… alive”: Sheean, p. 227.
152 “many innocent… killed”: Taylor, p. 42.
153 “beloved friend… power”: Jacobs, p. 246.
153 “I, your… single-handed”: Crozier, p. 94.
153 “the new… Yangtze”: Clifford, p. 178.
154 “self-interest… drawn”: Jacobs, p. 246.
154 “ally of… International”: “Moscow’s Idea of a Traitor,” North China Daily News, April 23, 1927.
154 “The Revolution… Kai-shek!”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 223.
154 twelve “crimes”… Party”: Crozier, p. 107.
154 “await orders… imperialists”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 220–24.
155 “no rice… money”: Han Suyin, A Mortal Flower, p. 74.
155 “Business men… boats”: “The Kuomintang and Communism,” The North-China Herald, April 23, 1927.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
156 “Our only… sooner”: Han Suyin, A Mortal Flower, p. 106.
156 “Down with… imperialism!”: Jacobs, p. 263.
156 “pacify the… countryside”: Rand, p. 49.
156 “the jewel… nation”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 18.
156 “Mme. Sun… heroism”: Sheean, pp. 208–9 ff.
157 “Like Sheean… history”: Snow, Journey to the Beginning, pp. 82–83.
157 Sheng Hsuan-huai: It was said that Sheng, supposedly the richest man in China at the time, gave both his fourth son, Edward (known as “Number Four”), and Edward’s schoolmate T. V. Soong $8,000 to invest, but T.V., who, the storyteller claimed, was “an inveterate and unsuccessful” speculator in his youth, lost his within a year. Another, similar story says that Sheng gave T.V. and his younger brother T.L. more than $700,000 to set them up in business but that they lost the money. It was also said that later on, when T.V. was minister of finance, he forced Edward Sheng to buy $5 million in Chinese government bonds, for which he gave Edward his personal receipt but never delivered the bonds. After many months, Edward went to Nanking and confronted T.V., calling him “a swindler and a damn crook.” It was also reported that T.V., as finance minister, called old man Sheng a traitor and put a government ban on his estate, which meant that his properties could neither be sold nor mortgaged. It is impossible to gauge the accuracy of any of these stories beyond the obvious conclusion that there was a lot of bad blood between T.V. and the Shengs. (HA: Lauchlin Currie papers, Box 1, letter Lucius R. Holbrook, Jr., to Lauchlin Currie, April 16, 1943; Box 5, “FDR Memorandum, Note for personal files,” March 17, 1943, and April 5, 1943.
158 “On the… workers”: Yang, p. 10.
158 “persuasion and… meetings”: Sheean, pp. 233–35 ff.
159 “How can… time”: Wang, Jiang, and Rao, pp. 26–27, and Sheean, p. 235. 159 “happened to… shores”: Sheean, pp. 235–36.
159 “The plight… execution”: Frederick Moore, “Rich Chinese Flee Extortion or Death,” The New York Times, May 3, 1927.
160 “a veritable… ‘Communists’!”: Coble, pp. 34–35. Note: All these examples of extortion come from Coble.
161 “left infantilism”: Jacobs, p. 265.
161 “the mass… army”: Isaacs, p. 251.
161 “the only… Kuomintang”: Jacobs, p. 280.
161 “indecisive in… leap”: Isaacs, p. 197.
161 “The area… price”: Rand, p. 54.
162 “instruction and contemplation”: Jacobs, p. 204.
162 “Moscow thought… Wuhan”: Ibid., pp. 273–75.
163 “courage of… fellows”: Isaacs, p. 198. 163 “commonplace”: Jacobs, p. 282.
163 “Having achieved… events”: “Galen Leaves Hankow,” The North-China Herald, August 9, 1927.
163 “[A]ll revolutions… militarist”: “Madame Sun’s Withdrawal,” The Nation, September 21, 1927.
164 “a certain… death”: Sheean, p. 264.
164 “If you… anyway!”: Randall Gould, “Madame Sun Yat-sen Keeps Faith,” The Nation, January 22, 1930.
164 “I think… things”: Rand, pp. 63–64.
164 “the worst… exiles”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, pp. 61–65.
165 “at a standstill”: George E. Sokolsky, “Sudden Resignation of Chiang Kai-shek,” The North-China Herald, August 20, 1927.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
169 “By education… state”: T. Christopher Jespersen, “Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Face of Sino-American Relations: Personality and Gender Dynamics in Bilateral Diplomacy,” in Samuel C. Chu, p. 125.
169 “Pardon me… party”: Zhiang, pp. 28–30.
170 “a small… secretary”: Leonard, p. 49.
170 “Do you… while”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 119.
170 “She thought… declined”: Snow, Journey to the Beginning, p. 85.
170 “Chiang’s remarriage… circumstances”: Crozier, p. 115.
171 “May-ling will… leave”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diaries, Box 4, July 29, 1926.
171 “the divergences… policy”: Madame Chiang, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 4.
171 “I missed… May-ling”: Chiang Kai-shek Diary, ed. Wang Yu-gao and Wang Yu-zheng, with an introduction to this section (one of five) called “Stories of Love,” by Chen Jin-jin, June 26, 1928, pp. 275–88.
171 “An invitation!… sister”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 186–94.
172 “out of… you”: Ibid., p. 216. Although Jennie Chiang places this letter after Chiang’s meeting with Ai-ling, it probably predates their conference and may even predate May-ling’s trip to Hankow (Wuhan) during the winter of 1926–1927.
173 “the subtle… Finance”: Ibid., pp. 237–38.
174 “Do you… that”: Chen Ting-yi, pp. 263–65.
176 “desperate… country!”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 238–43.
176 “I telegraphed… away”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 5, March 21–June 25, 1927.
177 “He came… forever”: Ch�
�en Chieh-ju, pp. 251–53.
177 “Mme. Chiang… dispatches”: Ibid., pp. 255–56.
178 “Political enemies… wife”: Henry F. Misselwitz, “Chiang Blames Foes for Talk of ‘Wife,’ ”The New York Times, September 25, 1927.
178 “I am… world?”: Crozier, p. 116.
179 “We love… you?”: Chen Jin-jin, “Stories of Love,” A Study of Modern Chinese Women, vol. 2, pages 275–88.
179 “to arrange… marriage”: George E. Sokolsky, “Chiang Kai-shek’s Visit to Shanghai,” The North-China Herald, October 1, 1927.
179 “I got… trick” HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 8, June 20, 1931.
179 “instructions from… outcast”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 261–63.
181 “I reached… possible”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 5, October 3, 1927. (Note: The original translation reads, “I took the same car with T.V.…”).
181 “At 1:30… joy”: Ibid., Box 5, November 10, 1927.
181 “that bluebeard”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 66.
182 “Throughout Chinese… Mei-ling”: “Marriage of Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling,” Shanghai Star, June 14, 2006, www.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2001/06/14/cu18-2 html.
182 “It was… simple”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, pp. 139–45.
182 “foreign atmosphere… concerned”: “Chiang Weds Mme. Sun Yat-sen’s Sister; 3,000 See Rites for Wellesley Girl Bride,” The New York Times, December 2, 1927.
182 “The bride… vests”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, pp. 139–43.
182 “In the… married”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 5, December 1–2, 1927.
183 “When I… society”: Li, pp. 80–81.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
184 “Subordination and… society”: Thomas L. Kennedy, “Activism among Women of China’s Traditional Elite,” in Samuel C. Chu, p. 7.
184 “the most… would”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 5, December 24–29, 1927.
184 “not think… wife”: DeLong, p. 77.
184 “her pain… described”: HA: Chiang Kai-shek, diary, Box 6, August 25, 1928.
185 “believed that… anything”: Oursler, pp. 350–52.
186 “to her… anxiety?”: Sues, pp. 69–70.
187 “in face… uncertainty”: “Chiang Kai-shek’s Manifesto,” The North-China Herald, January 14, 1928.
187 “She is… time”: Chen Jin-jin, “Stories of Love,” in A Study of Modern Chinese Women, vol. 2, pp. 275–88.
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